Building for the land of the rising sun

Japanese

architecture

1st China wave

Shogun wars

Shinto (folk religion)

Zen Buddhism

Buddhist temple Shinto shrines

teahouses

Castle

Everybody embraced this. Gods for everything.

Writing skill from China. Nobles liked it. Peasants didnt get it! Suppressed shinto-ism.

Monumental. Strong Chinese styles.

Enhance Buddhism by the nobles. Smaller; no wood. Part of temples.

A fort. Then a symbol of power

Periods of Japanese architecture

Pre-historic

Asuka & Nara

Heian

Kamakura and Muromachi

Azuchi-Momoyama

Edo

Meiji, Taisho and early Showa

* Zen
Buddhism Emphasized on austerity in ritual correspond to a profound respect for natural simplicity, i.e minimalism Native religion that worships `kami/ spirits in place, process or natural objects.

*Shinto

*Culture *Buddhist
of Wood Origins of avid shipbuilders architecture Influences from Chinese temple
A.D 600 & Chinese culture. Nobles but not to public. More like an art movement than a religion.

Japanese

Design philosophy

Shrine
A place Japanese welcomes their goddess. The house of goddess.

Architectural Case-studies.

SHRINE: Ise shrine, Mie pref.

TEAHOUSE: Shokin-tei, Katsura, Kyoto CASTLE: Himeji Castle, Hyogo pref.

TEMPLE: Horju-ji kondo, Nara pref.

Itsukushima shrine

shinto

shrines

SHRINE: Ise shrine, Mie pref.

Built according to goddess State religion set within a particular location. Avoids temple elements . Attempts to distinguish itself from Buddhism by going against Buddhism style.

The language: No roof tile No over scale entrance No clay wall Raised floor No ornamentations

shrine

overview

A division between

humans world and gods territory.

Torii

Spiritual gates

A traditional Japanese gate most commonly found at the entrance of or within a Shinto shrine, where it symbolically marks the transition from the sacred to the profane. The presence of a torii at the entrance is usually the simplest way to identify Shinto shrines.

Buddhist

Temple

TEMPLE: Horju-ji kondo, Nara pref.

Was built in A.C 607. The world oldest timber structure. Structural form is greatly influenced by Chinese architecture. An iconic temple for Buddhism. It was the first attempt to take control of people with religion.

Initially it was a place where monks practice asceticism. It was not a place for public to go and pray. Eventually people think, monk = saint = holy place = place to pray.

Kodo (lecture hall)

kondo

pagoda

Architecture of the samurai

Himeji

Castle

ATTACK!!

A storage building. A miniature Tensyu

The main castle part. Monitor the war from above & give order. Show off structure

Masugata Entrance system

main entrance Stone wall

moat

Jyoumon/Koguti

Esigaki

Sama

Another major development was the tea ceremony and the tea house. The purpose of the ceremony is to spend time with friends who enjoy the arts, to cleanse the mind of the concerns of daily life, and to receive a bowl of tea served in a gracious and tasteful manner. Zen was the basic philosophy. The rustic style of the rural cottage was adopted for the tea house, emphasizing such natural materials as bark-covered logs and woven straw. In addition, a traditional Japanese style culture such as tatami, shji, and fusuma was stylized.

TEAHOUSE: Shokin-tei, Katsura, Kyoto Zen philosophy Chaos with wars/ samurais wanting territories. Buddhism eased tension of poor. Sought simplicity & tranquility. Salvation and philosophy for their fate. Bamboo and wood. Small scale; encourages humility in guests &hosts