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SCADA

Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Ramtin Raji Kermani Fall 2005


Computer Sciences & Engineering Department Shiraz University

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Road Map: What is a Control System? What is SCADA ? Where and why SCADA is used? SCADA architecture Components of SCADA Security issues Modern features

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

First of all, Lets see what is a Control System ?


A control system, is a system that holds responsible in top of another system (being controlled system) for setting and stabling the system in a predefined state. Nowadays control systems are mostly microprocessor based. (Microcontrollers, PLCs, PC-Based Control systems).

Sensor

Process being controlled

Actuator

Controller System

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Example of a monitoring and control system is a system which monitors temperature and switches heaters on and off.

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

What is SCADA?
SCADA is Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. Real-time industrial process control systems used to centrally monitor and control remote or local industrial equipment such as motors, valves, pumps, relays, sensors, etc. SCADA is Combination of telemetry and Data Acquisition.
SCADA is not just a hardware, neither a software. Its a concept, its a system as a combination of special hardware, software and protocols. SCADA is used to control chemical plant processes, oil and gas pipelines, electrical generation and transmission equipment, manufacturing facilities, water purification and distribution infrastructure, etc.

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Why SCADA is needed ?


The Ability to Remotely collect different plants on different places. The Ability to control process from a distance. The Ability to create logs and reports about systems current and past state. The Ability to send necessary information to Engineers and operators in real-time using Instant Messaging and SMS.

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Where SCADA is used ?


- Electrical generation/distribution, - Natural gas distribution - Fuel Oil storage & flow - Water storage & flow - Lighting - Heating, cooling, ventilation - Fire alarms & suppression - Elevators & escalators - Gates & doors, alarms - Video security cameras - Traffic signals - Process Line Control

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

SCADA is not a new stuff !


It has been used since the early days of control systems to remotely Control and Monitor current and past state of being controlled system (our plant, factory, etc.)

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Early Power System Control (in 1919)

Control room (mimic wall) 1970s


formerly, all instruments were directly wired to the control room

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Late 1990s Control Centers

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

A little Confused ?!?! Lets SEE what it is !

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition Communications Network Sensor

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)

Fiber, Radio, Modem, Microwave, Telephone, Wireless, Powerline Carrier

Sensor

RTU

Central Monitoring Unit Sensor

RTU
Programmable Logic Controller

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

SCADA Hardware
- Field level instrumentation and control devices Sensing field variables, controlling the process and . - Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) Send control and monitoring data to MTU. (could be a PLC) - Master Terminal Unit or MTU (Also called The Master Station) gathering information from RTUs, Monitoring and processing, sending necessary control actions to RTUs. - Communication System

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Going a little more in details

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Corporate Architecture
Communication Network Instrumentation

Central Monitoring Station Remote Station

Communication Network

LAN, WAN, INTERNET


Central Monitoring Station

Instrumentation

Remote Station Communication Network Instrumentation

Central Monitoring Station Remote Station

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

What are the concerns ?


Physical Plant
Focus
Safety 100% Availability Electro-mechanical No updating, Aged
equipment

Computer Networking Focus

Security 99.5% Availability Electronic Continuous Updating,


New

The Language

The Vendors
Allen

RTUs, PLCs, IEDs DNP, Modbus Low Bandwidth Analog & Digital
Bradley(AB)/Rockwell, Honeywell, Siemens, Johnson Controls

The Language

Routers, Switches,
Servers IP, Ethernet High Bandwidth All Digital

The Vendors

IBM, Microsoft,
CISCO, Dell

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Protocols used in SCADA Systems:


Mostly Open Protocol are used in SCADA systems. The most popular protocols are as follows: DNP (Distributed Network Protocol) Modbus DeviceNet

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

SCADA Functionality:
- Data acquisition and display
store binary & analog data into process data base

- Alarm & Events


record important changes and operator actions

- History data base


keep a record of the process values

- Measured processing
calculate derived values (limit supervision, trending)

- Logging & reporting - Human Machine Interface (HMI): graphical object state presentation, lists, reports - Operator Command handling binary commands, set points recipes, batches, scripts (command procedures)

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Remote Monitoring including:

Alarms and events Current state Trends and history

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

What is an alarm, an event ?


A&E consider changes occurring in the plant (process) or in the control system (operator actions, configuration changes,) that merit to be recorded. Recorded changes can be of three kinds: - informative: no action required (e.g. "production terminated at 11:09") - warning: plant could stop or be damaged if no corrective action is taken "soon" (e.g. fuel low") - blocking: the controller took action to protect the plant and further operation is prevented until the reason is cleared (e.g. Temperature too high")

An event is a change related to: operator actions ("grid synchronisation performed at 14:35"), configuration changes ("new software loaded in controller 21"), and system errors ("no life sign from controller B3")

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Implementing alarms by variables


An alarm is often encoded as a simple 16-bit word sent by an object (thru PLC) in the plant. Each bit has a different meaning, the error condition is reset when the word is 0.
word
[120] low oil pressure 121] low water level [122] trajectory error [123] synchronisation error [123] tool error [131] robot %R1% not ready

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

New Trends in SCADA


- Web-Based SCADA systems - Connecting SCADA system to Internet - Gives more functionality to our system - Security issues should be covered - Using Instant Messaging to report systems status (implemented) - Giving more functionality - Using a reliable instant messaging service

- Using Short Message Service to report critical situations (implemented) - A kind of instant messaging, using Mobile Telecommunication network - Using SMS Server, connecting a cell to PC, setting up a web server and using WAP

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Instant Messaging for SCADA Facilitate the remote monitor and control by utilizing the secure IM
Instant Messaging (IM) is a type of communications service over the Internet that enables individuals to exchange text messages and track availability of a list of users in real-time. By taking advantage of the near real time feature of IM and richness of the IM presence, we bring forward a secure IM based remote monitor and control system. LDAP-based device and system management Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) [6] specifically targeted at management applications and browser applications that provide read/write interactive access to directories.

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

IM Architecture for SCADA

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

A simple IM based remote monitor/control interface

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

SCADA on mobile phone


The system allows you to use your mobile phone to monitor and control your process from any location. More versatile than a pager system.
You can get detailed alarm messages about any event that occurs in your business. The application has been written in J2ME The refresh time is about 2 s Java application in mobile phone transfers data to/from WWW server.

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Last words on SCADA


With new trends and technologies of Computer and Electrical Engineering, there are lots of functionalities available, that we can add to our SCADA system.

You saw that SCADA covers different fields of Computer Engineering like Computer networking, Control, Programming, Embedded Systems, Operating Systems, Real-time Systems and .
SCADA is a very fast growing technology which is widely used in plants and factories and makes good job opportunities for you in the industry, in computer engineering field..

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

References:
www.google.com www.wikipedia.com www.whatis.com Modern SCADA protocols, Elsevier, newness publication DESY SCADA Experience, EPICS Workshop - Oak Ridge www.modbus.com www.DNP.org
Engineering The Architecture Of Distributed Control Systems, Eric Runnerstrom MPR Associates Joint Program Office for Special Technology Countermeasures, National Defense Industrial Association 15-17 July 2003

SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Questions ? Comments?
Thanks for coming
Ramtin Raji Kermani, Fall 2005 ramtinraji@cse.shirazu.ac.ir

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