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3

Integration By Parts
udv = uv vdu

Formula

I. Guidelines for Selecting u and dv: (There are always exceptions, but these are generally helpful.) L-I-A-T-E Choose u to be the function that comes first in this list: L: Logrithmic Function I: Inverse Trig Function A: Algebraic Function T: Trig Function E: Exponential Function Example A: x 3 ln x dx *Since lnx is a logarithmic function and x 3 is an algebraic function, let:
u = lnx dv = x dx du =
3

(L comes before A in LIATE)

1 dx x
3

x4 v = x dx = 4

ln xdx = uv vdu
= (ln x) = (ln x) = x4 4 x4 1 4 x dx

x4 1 3 x dx 4 4

x4 1 x4 + C (ln x) 4 4 4

x4 x4 = (ln x) + C 4 16

ANSWER

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Example B: sin x ln(cos x) dx


u = ln(cosx) (Logarithmic Function) dv = sinx dx (Trig Function [L comes before T in LIATE]) du = v=

1 ( sin x) dx = tan x dx cos x dx = cos x

sin x

sin x

ln(cos x) dx = uv

vdu
sin x dx cos x

= (ln(cos x))( cos x) ( cos x)( tan x)dx = cos x ln(cos x) (cos x)

= cos x ln(cos x) sin x dx = cos x ln(cos x) + cos x + C


Example C: sin 1 x dx
*At first it appears that integration by parts does not apply, but let:

ANSWER

u = sin 1 x (Inverse Trig Function) dv = 1 dx (Algebraic Function) du =


1 1 x2

dx

v = 1dx = x

sin

x dx = uv

vdu x
1 1 x2

= (sin 1 x)( x)

dx

1 = x sin 1 x (1 x 2 ) 1 / 2 (2 x) dx 2 = x sin 1 x + = x sin 1 x + 1 (1 x 2 )1 / 2 (2) + C 2 1 x2 + C


ANSWER

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II. Alternative General Guidelines for Choosing u and dv: A. Let dv be the most complicated portion of the integrand that can be easily integrated. B. Let u be that portion of the integrand whose derivative du is a simpler function than u itself. Example:

4 x 2 dx

*Since both of these are algebraic functions, the LIATE Rule of Thumb is not helpful. Applying Part (A) of the alternative guidelines above, we see that x 4 x 2 is the most complicated part of the integrand that can easily be integrated. Therefore:
dv = x 4 x 2 dx u = x 2 (remaining factor in integrand)

du = 2 x dx v=
1 2 1/ 2 (2 x)(4 x ) dx 2 1 1 2 = (4 x 2 ) 3 / 2 = (4 x 2 ) 3 / 2 3 2 3

4 x 2 dx =

4 x 3 dx = uv vdu 1 1 = ( x 2 ) (4 x 2 ) 3 / 2 (4 x 2 ) 3 / 2 (2 x) dx 3 3
x2 1 (4 x 2 ) 3 / 2 (4 x 2 ) 3 / 2 (2 x) dx 3 3

x2 1 2 = (4 x 2 ) 3 / 2 (4 x 2 ) 5 / 2 + C 3 3 5 = x2 2 (4 x 2 ) 3 / 2 (4 x 2 ) 5 / 2 + C 3 15

Answer

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III. Using repeated Applications of Integration by Parts: Sometimes integration by parts must be repeated to obtain an answer.

Note: DO NOT switch choices for u and dv in successive applications.

Example:

sin x dx

u = x 2 (Algebraic Function) dv = sin x dx (Trig Function) du = 2 x dx v = sin x dx = cos x

sin x dx = uv vdu = x 2 ( cos x) = x 2 cos x + 2

cos x x

2 x dx

cos x dx

Second application of integration by parts:

u = x (Algebraic function) (Making same choices for u and dv) dv = cos x (Trig function) du = dx

v = cos x dx = sin x

sin x dx = x 2 cos x + 2 [uv vdu ] = x 2 cos x + 2 [ x sin x sin x dx] = x 2 cos x + 2 [ x sin x + cos x + c] = x 2 cos x + 2 x sin x + 2 cos x + c
Answer

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Note:

After each application of integration by parts, watch for the appearance of a constant multiple of the original integral.

Example:

cos x dx
u = cos x (Trig function)

dv = e x dx (Exponential function) du = sin x dx v = e x dx = e x

cos x dx = uv vdu = cos x e x e x ( sin x) dx = cos x e x + e x sin x dx

Second application of integration by parts:

u = sin x (Trig function) (Making same choices for u and dv)

dv = e x dx (Exponential function) du = cos x dx v = e x dx = e x

e e

cos x dx = e x cos x + (uv vdu ) cos x dx = e x cos x + sin x e x e x cos x dx

Note appearance of original integral on right side of equation. Move to left side and solve for integral as follows:

2 e x cos x dx = e x cos x + e x sin x + C

cos x dx =

1 x (e cos x + e x sin x) + C 2

Answer

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Practice Problems:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

3x

e x dx

ln x dx x2
2

x x

cos x dx sin x cos x dx


1

cos

x dx
2

(ln x) x e x
3

dx

9 x 2 dx sin x dx

2x

x 1 dx
1 dx

x(ln x)

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Solutions: 1.

3xe x 3e x + C

u = 3x

dv = e x dx
2.

ln x 1 +C x x

u = ln x

dv =
3.

1 dx x2

x 2 sin x + 2 x cos x 2 sin x + C

u = x2
dv = cos x dx

4.

x cos 2 x sin 2 x + +C 4 8

note:

sin 2 x = sin x cos x 2


u=x

dv = sin 2 x cos x dx
5.

x cos 1 x

1 x2 + C

u = cos 1 x
dv = dx

6.

x(ln x) 2 2 x ln x + 2 x + C

u = (ln x) 2
dv = dx

7.

x2 2 (9 x 2 ) 3 / 2 (9 x 2 ) 5 / 2 + C 3 15

u = x2 dv = (4 x 2 )1 / 2 x dx

8.

2e 2 x sin x e 2 x cos x +C 5 5

u = sin x

dv = e 2 x dx
9.

2 x 2 ( x 1) 3 / 2 8 x( x 1) 5 / 2 16( x 1) 7 / 2 + +C 3 15 105
1 +C 2(ln x) 2

u = x2 dv = ( x 1)1 / 2 dx

10.

u=

1 = (ln x) 3 3 (ln x) 1 dx x
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dv =

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