Table of Contents

Definitions Biocompatible material features History of biomaterials Material Properties Issues to Consider Importance of Chemistry Reasons for the Variation of Mechanical Properties Stress - Strain Response Test Animals Disciplines involved in biomaterials science its path Sterilization Physical Methods of Sterilization o Sunlight o Heat Dry Heat: Moist Heat:

o Radiation: Non-ionizing rays Ionizing rays:

o Filtration Chemical

Table of Contents
Atomic structure Metals Ceramics Polymers Composites Bonding types Ionic bonding Covalent bonding Metallic bonding Secondary, van der Waals Hydrogen bonding

Mechanical properties Stress Strain Tension and compression

Mechanical Testing Elastic deformation Plastic deformation Fatigue Toughness Ductility Resilience Elastic recovery after plastic deformation Hardness Tensile properties

Mechanical Testing Methods Contact Angle Method o Concerns in Contact Angle Measurement Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA)

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry o Static SIMS o Imaging SIMS o Dynamic SIMS

The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Infrared Spectroscopy Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)

Introduction to classes of materials used in medicine Steps in the fabrication of implants o Metal-containing ore to raw metal product o Raw Metal Product to Stock Metal Shapes o Stock Metal Shapes to Preliminary and Final Metal Devices The Structure of Crystalline Solids Energy and Packing Metallic Crystal Structures o Simple Cubic Structure (SC) o Body Centered Cubic Structure (BCC) o Face Centered Cubic Structure (FCC) o Hexagonal Close-Packed Structure (HCP) Theoretical Density Polymorphism and Allotropy Densities of Material Classes Crystals as Building Blocks Polycrystals Single vs. Polycrystals Imperfections in Solids Polycrystalline Materials Types of Imperfections Point Defects o Vacancies

o Self-Interstitials Point Defects in Alloys Line Defects o Edge dislocation o Screw dislocation o Edge, Screw, and Mixed Dislocations *Specification of Composition *Dislocations & Crystal Structures *Planar Defects in Solids Microscopic Examination *Optical Microscopy Microscopy

*Recovery *Recrystallization *Further Recrystallization *Grain Growth Ceramic Bonding Ceramic Crystal Structures *Oxide structures *Mechanical Properties *Silicate Ceramics *Silica *Silica Glasses *Amorphous Silica *Silicates *Layered Silicates

*Imperfections in Ceramics Defects