The Heat Loss at Engine Exhaust

Object:
To determine the heat loss at engine exhaust.

Apparatus:
Four cylinders, volex wagen (CM 11) gasoline engine.

Theory:
A part of the heat generated by the combustion of mixture in engine cylinders is transferred by exhaust gases to the engine room. Calculation of the heat loss at engine exhaust is essential, as it must be allowed when determining the overall engine heat balance. Qexh = (Ma + Qt) x Cpf (Tu -Ti)

Measuring Test Data:

The following data should he measured for each test rating: - Actual engine speed, n. - mass flow of combustion air, Ma. - Total fuel consumption, Qt. - Air temperature at engine inlet, Ti. - Gas temperature at engine exhaust, Tu. In this specific case, the gasoline temperature at inlet is assumed to be indicator to the air temperature at engine inlet, Ti.

Working out Test Data:

1. Enter the above data in the table (1). 2. The heat loss at engine exhaust can be calculated as follows: Qexh = (Ma + Qt) x Cpf (Tu -Ti) Where: Qexh : Heat loss at engine exhaust (kcal/hr). Ma : Hourly mass flow of combustion air (kg/hr). Qf : Total hourly fuel consumption (kg/hr). Cpf : Specific heat of exhaust gases at constant pressure, which can be estimated to be 0.25 kcal/kg.C.

Procedure:
I. Start the engine as described in the instructions and bring it to a speed of 3000 rpm. Leave it 1or about 5 minutes to warm up and steady running conditions to be established. 2. Allow the engine to run at this speed for about one minute be1~ie taking measurement of speed n [rpm], air flow, t [sec] Tg [C ] , Ta [C ] 3. Readjust the flow control valve to give a speed of 2800rpm, and allow a further minute before taking measurement of speed n {rpm}, air flow ,T [sec), Tg [C ] , Ta [C ] 4. Repeat the Procedure in steps of 200 rpm up to the max operating speed, and take measurement of air flow, t [sec], Tg [C], Ta [C]. 5. Enter the readings in table (1).

DATA & RESULTS:

n (rpm) 3000 2800 2600 2400 2200 2000

T(exh gas) 634.3 636.7 634.4 627 620.1 617.2

t in) 18.7 18.8 19.4 19.9 19.8 21.7

air flow(kg/s) 0.003593 0.003881 0.003589 0.003586 0.002928 0.002919

fuel flow (kg/s)

0.000851884 0.000859902 0.000841222 0.00081522 0.000763133 0.000709068

the sum 0.004445 0.004741 0.00443 0.004401 0.003691 0.003628

Q( exh) (kcal/s) 0.68412063 0.732410089 0.681109374 0.667971054 0.553924361 0.540147097

Q( exh) (kcal/h) 2462.834 2636.676 2451.993 2404.695 1994.127 1944.529

Sample of calculation : Taking the first trail at 3000 rpm