Done by :s.

s Outline:

Introduction to MANETs Why Ad Hoc Networks? Concept of MANETs History of MANETs Specific issues in MANETs networks Characteristic of manets Advantages of manets Disadvantages of magnets State of the art

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (manets) In the recent years communication technology and services have advanced. Mobility has become very important, as people want to communicate anytime from and to anywhere. In the areas where there

is little or no infrastructure is available or the existing wireless infrastructure is expensive and inconvenient to use, Mobile Ad hoc Networks, called MANETs, are becoming useful. They are going to become integral part of next generation mobile services. A MANET is a collection of wireless nodes that can dynamically form a network to exchange information without using any pre-existing fixed network infrastructure. The special features of MANET bring this technology great opportunity together with severe challenges. As the importance of computers in our daily life increases it also sets new demands for connectivity. Wired solutions have been around for a long time but there is increasing demand on working wireless solutions for connecting to the Internet, reading and sending E-mail messages, changing information in a meeting and so on. There are solutions to these needs, one being wireless local area network that is based on IEEE 802.11 standard. The strength of the connection can change rapidly in time or even disappear completely. Nodes can appear, disappear and re-appear as the time goes on and all the time the network connections should work between the nodes that are part of it. As one can easily imagine, the situation in ad hoc networks with respect to ensuring connectivity and robustness is much more demanding than in the wired case.

The ad hoc network is a communication network without a preexist network infrastructure. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Self-configuring network of mobile routers (and associated hosts) connected by wireless links. This union forms a random topology.

Routers move randomly free. Topology changes rapidly and unpredictably. Suitable for emergency situations like natural or human-induced disasters, military conflicts, emergency medical situations, etc. self-configuring network of mobile nodes node serve as client and router

Why Ad Hoc Networks?

Setting up of fixed access points and backbone infrastructure is not always viable

Infrastructure may not be present in a disaster area. Infrastructure may not be practical for short-range radios.

Ad hoc networks:

Do not need backbone infrastructure support Are easy to deploy Useful when infrastructure is absent, destroyed or impractical

Ease of deployment Speed of deployment Decreased dependence on infrastructure

Concept of MANETs Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are wireless mobile nodes that cooperatively form a network without infrastructure. MANET Mobile Ad hoc Network mobile wireless network, capable of autonomous operation operates without base station infrastructure nodes cooperate to provide connectivity operates without centralized administration nodes cooperate to provide services

Does not use centralized administration MANET capabilities are expected to be an overall driving force for next-generation wireless functionalities

History of MANETs

Earliest MANETs were called packet radio networks, sponsored by DARPA (1970) These packet radio systems predated the Internet and were part of motivation of the original IP suite Later DARPA experiments included the Survivable Radio Network (SURAN) project (1980s) 1990s the advent of inexpensive 802.11 radio cards for personal computer Current MANETs are designed primary for military utility; examples include JTRS (Joint Tactical Radio System) and NTDR (Near-Term Digital Radio).

Specific issues in manet networks

Dynamic Connections Constant change (motion) Random interconnection Radio Characteristics Unidirectional Links Varying S/N Ratio

Overlapping connectivity

CHARACTERISTICS OF MANETS Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a collection of independent mobile nodes that can communicate to each other via radio waves. The mobile nodes that are in radio range of each other can directly communicate, whereas others needs the aid of intermediate nodes to route their packets. These networks are fully distributed, and can work at any place without the help of any infrastructure

The characteristics of these networks are summarized as follows: Communication via wireless means. Nodes can perform the roles of both hosts and routers. No centralized controller and infrastructure. Intrinsic mutual trust. Dynamic network topology. Frequent routing updates. Autonomous, no infrastructure needed. Can be set up anywhere. Limited security

Advantages of Manets:-

They provide access to information and services regardless of geographic position.

These networks can be set up at any place and time. These networks work without any pre-existing infrastructure. Disadvantages of Manets:-

Limited resources. Limited physical security. Intrinsic mutual trust vulnerable to attacks. Lack of authorization facilities. Volatile network topology makes it hard to detect malicious nodes. Security protocols for wired networks cannot work for ad hoc networks. Difference between MANET and WLAN

MANETs are dynamically created and maintained by the individual nodes comprising the network. They do not require a pre-existing architecture for communication purposes and do not rely on any type of wired infrastructure; in an ad hoc network all communication occurs through a wireless median. MANET comprises a special subset of wireless networks since they do not require the existence of a centralized message-passing device. Simple wireless networks require the existence of access points or static base stations (BS), which are responsible for routing messages to and from mobile nodes (MNs) within the specified transmission area. Ad hoc networks, on the other hand, do not require the existence of any device other than two or more MNs willing to cooperatively form a network. Instead of relying on a wired BS to coordinate the flow of messages to each MN, the individual MNs form their own network and forward

packets to and from each other. This adaptive behavior allows a network to be quickly formed even under the most adverse conditions. Other characteristics of ad hoc networks include "team collaboration of a large number of MN units, limited bandwidth, the need for supporting multimedia real time traffic and low latency access to distributed resources (e.g. distributed database access for situation awareness in the battlefield).