QUESTIONSHEETS

CHEMISTRY

AS Level

ENERGETICS I

AS TOPIC 5

Questionsheet

ENTHALPY OF DISPLACEMENT

16 marks

Questionsheet

THERMOMETRIC TITRATION

15 marks

Questionsheet

ENTHALPY OF FORMATION

12 marks

Questionsheet

ENTHALPY OF COMBUSTION

12 marks

Questionsheet

BOND DISSOCIATION ENTHALPY

16 marks

Questionsheet

HESSS LAW AND ENTHALPY DIAGRAMS

20 marks

Questionsheet

HESSS LAW CALCULATIONS

15 marks

Questionsheet

HESSS LAW WITH CALORIMETRY

18 marks

Questionsheet

HESSS LAW WITH BOND DISSOCIATION ENTHALPY

15 marks

Questionsheet

10

TEST QUESTION I

19 marks

Questionsheet

11

TEST QUESTION II

19 marks

Authors
Trevor Birt
Donald E Caddy
Andrew Jones

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TOPIC 5 Questionsheet 1

AS Level

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ENTHALPY OF DISPLACEMENT
An experiment was carried out to find the enthalpy change for the reaction:
Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s)
The temperature of 20.0 cm3 of copper sulfate solution (1.0 mol dm-3) in a plastic cup was measured every
minute for 3 minutes. Exactly on the third minute 1.95g of zinc powder was added rapidly and the mixture stirred.
The temperature every half-minute was noted for a further 3 minutes.
a) Calculate:
(i) the mol copper ion used
....................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) the mol zinc used
....................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
b) Calculate and explain the mol used in the calculation
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [2]

Temperature (oC)

c) The following graph was drawn :

Time (min)

(i) Why was the zinc added after 3 minutes?

....................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain how the value of the temperature change ?T was derived from the graph
....................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Explain why the method in (ii) was necessary
....................................................................................................................................................................... [1]

TOTAL (Continued..)
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AS Level

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ENTHALPY OF DISPLACEMENT

d) The value of T was derived as 39.5 0C.

(i)

Calculate the joules of energy exchange with the surroundings (assuming that 1 cm3 solution requires
4.2 J to increase the temperature by 1 0C).

...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Calculate a value for the enthalpy of reaction
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [4]
e) If the experiment was repeated using magnesium instead of zinc, how and why would you expect the enthalpy
of reaction to compare with your value in d)(ii) ?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [3]

TOTAL / 16

AS Level

TOPIC 5 Questionsheet 2

THERMOMETRIC TITRATION

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a) The following results were obtained from an experiment to determine the heat of neutralisation of an acid
with an alkali:
Hydrochloric acid added to 50 cm3 of 2.0 M sodium hydroxide
Volume of acid added / cm3
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0

(i)

Temperature of mixture / 0C
17.6
22.0
26.0
30.0
33.4
35.4
34.0
33.0
31.6
30.8
29.6

Plot a graph of temperature against volume of acid added and use the graph to determine the volume of
acid required to neutralise the 50 cm3 of 2.0 M sodium hydroxide.

Volume of acid required = .........................................................................................................................[5]

TOTAL (Continued..)
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AS Level

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THERMOMETRIC TITRATION
(ii) Calculate the molar concentration of the acid.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(iii) Calculate the enthalpy of neutralisation of the acid by the alkali. (Take the specific heat capacity of
dilute solutions to be 4.18 J g-1 K-1)
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
b) To confirm this result, 40 cm3 of 2 M hydrochloric acid were put into a Thermos flask and its temperature
recorded.Then 60 cm3 of 2 M sodium hydroxide were added and the temperature rose by 10.4 0C. The flask
was rinsed out and 100 cm3 of water put in together with a small electrical heating coil. The coil supplied 30
Joules every second and after 145 seconds the same temperature rise was achieved. Use the electrical data to
calculate the enthalpy of neutralisation of the acid by the alkali.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [4]

TOTAL / 15

AS Level

TOPIC 5 Questionsheet 3

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ENTHALPY OF FORMATION
a) Define standard enthalpy of formation of a compound.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
b) Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the oxidation of ammonia according to the equation:
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
Standard enthalpies of formation are as follows:
NO(g) = +90 kJ mol-1
H2O(g) = -242 kJ mol-1
NH3(g) = -46 kJ mol-1
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
c) Ethyne burns in oxygen according to the equation:
2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g) 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
Calculate the standard enthalpy of combustion of this gas given the following standard enthalpies of formation:
CO2(g) = -394 kJ mol-1
H2O(l) = -286 kJ mol-1
C2H2(g) = + 228 kJ mol-1
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
d) Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of magnesium carbonate, using the following information.
The standard enthalpy of combustion of magnesium is 602 kJ mol-1 and that of carbon is 394 kJ mol-1.
The standard enthalpy change for the decomposition of magnesium carbonate in the reaction:
MgCO3(s) MgO(s) + CO2(g)
is +100 kJ mol-1.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [3]

TOTAL / 12

AS Level

TOPIC 5 Questionsheet 4

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ENTHALPY OF COMBUSTION
a) Define standard enthalpy of combustion of an element or compound.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
b) Given the following data:
2C(s) + O2(g) 2CO(g); H = - 222 kJ mol-1
2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g); H = - 566 kJ mol-1
what is the standard enthalpy of combustion of carbon?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
c) The standard enthalpy changes for the combustion of decane, octane and ethene are 6778, -5470 and 1411
kJ mol-1 respectively. Use these data to calculate the standard enthalpy change for the cracking of decane:
C10H22(l) C8H18(l) + C2H4(g)
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
d) In the presence of a nickel catalyst, but-1-ene can be hydrogenated to give butane:
CH2=CHCH2CH3(g) + H2(g) CH3CH2CH2CH3(g)
(i)

Calculate the molar enthalpy of hydrogenation of but-1-ene, given the following standard enthalpies of
combustion:
Hc /kJ mol-1
C4H8(g)
- 2718
H2(g)
- 286
- 2877
C4H10(g)

...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) State, giving a reason, how you would expect the enthalpy of hydrogenation to change if platinum were
to be used as a catalyst instead of nickel.
Expected change .................................................................................................................................... [1]
Reason .......................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................... [1]

TOTAL / 12

AS Level

TOPIC 5 Questionsheet 5

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BOND DISSOCIATION ENTHALPY

a) Define the bond dissociation enthalpy of the HH bond.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
b) Distinguish between the bond dissociation enthalpy of the OH bond in water and the mean bond dissociation
enthalpy of the OH bond in water.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
c) Arrange the following in increasing order of mean bond dissociation enthalpy:
(i) CC, C=C, CC
....................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) CCl, CBr, CI
....................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
d) What is the relationship between bond dissociation enthalpy and (i) bond strength, and (ii) bond length?
Bond strength................................................................................................................................................. [1]
Bond length ................................................................................................................................................... [1]
e) The combustion of propanone is given by the equation:
CH3
CH3

C=O (g) + 4O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)

Use the following mean bond dissociation enthalpies (all in kJ mol-1) to calculate the enthalpy change for this
reaction:
CC 346 CH 414 C=O 804 O=O 498 OH 463

[7]

TOTAL / 16

AS Level

TOPIC 5 Questionsheet 6

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HESSS LAW & ENTHALPY DIAGRAMS

a) State Hesss law.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [4]
b) (i)

Hesss law is in accordance with the first law of thermodynamics. State this law.

...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Explain why, if Hesss law were not obeyed, the first law of thermodynamics would be violated.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
c) (i)

Write an equation, with state symbols, for the combustion of propane.

....................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Sketch an enthalpy diagram for the formation and combustion of propane. (Hint The formation of propane
is exothermic.) Clearly label start and finish on your diagram, and show two routes from start to
finish.

[6]
(iii) Apply Hesss law to your diagram in c) (ii) and hence calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of
propane, given the following standard enthalpies of combustion (all in kJ mol-1):
C(s) = -394
H2(g) = -286 C3H8(g) = -2222
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
TOTAL / 20

AS Level

TOPIC 5 Questionsheet 7

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HESSS LAW CALCULATIONS

In this question you will need the following data.
Standard enthalpy of formation /kJ mol-1
H2O(l)
286
H2S(g)
20.2

Standard enthalpy of combustion/kJ mol-1

S (rhombic)
296.9
S (monoclinic)
297.2

Molar enthalpy of vaporisation of water = 41.1 kJ mol-1

a) (i)

There are two solid allotropes (i.e. crystalline forms) of sulfur, described as rhombic sulfurand monoclinic
sulfur. Construct an enthalpy diagram or cycle, and apply Hesss law to it so as to calculate the standard
enthalpy change for the conversion of rhombic sulfur to monoclinic sulfur.

[4]
(ii) From your answer to a) (i) state, with reason, which allotrope of sulfur is the more stable under standard
conditions.
More stable form ................................................................................................................................... [1]
Reason .................................................................................................................................................. [1]

TOTAL(Continued....)
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TOPIC 5 Questionsheet 7 Continued

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HESSS LAW CALCULATIONS

b) Monoclinic sulfur is formed in volcanic regions by reaction between sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide according to the equation:
SO2(g) + 2H2S(g) 2H2O(g) + 3S(monoclinic).
Draw an enthalpy diagram or cycle and calculate the standard enthalpy change for this reaction.

[5]
c) For the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide according to the equation:
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g); Hreaction = -196.2 kJ mol-1.
From an enthalpy diagram or cycle calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of sulfur trioxide from monoclinic sulfur.

[4]
TOTAL / 15

AS Level

TOPIC 5 Questionsheet 8

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HESSS LAW WITH CALORIMETRY

A student poured exactly 50 cm3 of 2 M hydrochloric acid into a polystyrene cup and recorded its temperature
each minute for three minutes. At 3 minutes, 0.24 g of magnesium turnings was added. The mixture was stirred
and further temperature readings taken until a total time of nine minutes had elapsed. The recorded temperatures
were as follows.
Time / minutes

Temperature / 0C

20

19.7 19.5 19.2

4
43.8

43.0 42.3

41.5 40.8 40.0

a) Plot a graph of temperature against time using these results and hence determine the maximum temperature
change accompanying the reaction.

Maximum temperature change ..............................................................................................................[5]

TOTAL (Continued...)
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AS Level

TOPICTOPIC
5 Questionsheet
5 Questionsheet
8 Continued

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HESSS LAW WITH CALORIMETRY

b) Use the value from a) and the data given in the question to calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction.
(Assume the density of all solutions to be 1 g cm-3 and their specific heat capacity to be 4.2 J g-1 K-1)
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
c) In a similar experiment, 0.01 mol of magnesium carbonate was added to exactly 50 cm3 of 2 M hydrochloric
acid in a polystyrene cup. The maximum temperature rise was 5.2 0C. Calculate the enthalpy change for the
reaction.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
d) Write a balanced chemical equation to represent the standard enthalpy of formation for magnesium carbonate.

....................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
e) Given the additional data for the standard enthalpies of formation of H2O(l) and CO2(g) as 286 and 394 kJ
mol-1 respectively, together with the reactions above, construct an enthalpy cycle or diagram to show how the
standard enthalpy of formation for magnesium carbonate can be calculated.

[4]
f) Apply Hesss law to the cycle or diagram you have devised and the results from b) and c) to calculate the
standard enthalpy of formation for magnesium carbonate.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [2]

TOTAL / 18

AS Level

TOPIC 5 Questionsheet 9
HESSS LAW WITH BOND DISSOCIATION ENTHALPY

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Ethanol production in the UK is mainly from the hydration of ethene. In this process, ethene and steam are
reacted together at 300 0C and 70 atm pressure in the presence of phosphoric acid, which acts as a catalyst:
CH2=CH2(g) + H2O(g) C2H5OH(l)
a) Apply Hesss law to an enthalpy cycle or diagram to calculate the enthalpy change for this reaction, given the
following data:
Standard enthalpy of formation of ethanol = -278 kJ mol-1
C(s) C(g); H = + 715 kJ mol-1
Mean bond dissociation enthalpies / kJ mol-1:
HH = 436 O
O = 496 C
C = 612 OH = 464 CH = 413

[8]
b) Calculate the enthalpy change for the same reaction, using the following standard enthalpies of combustion:
CH2=CH2 = 1411 kJ mol-1

CH3CH2OH = 1368 kJ mol-1

...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
c) Why is the value calculated from bond dissociation enthalpies in a) different from that obtained in b)?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
d) For the formation of gaseous ethanol, CH2=CH2(g) + H2O(g) C2H5OH(g)
would you expect the enthalpy of reaction to be more negative or less negative than the value for the formation
of liquid ethanol? Give your reason.
More or less negative .................................................................................................................................... [1]
Reason ...............................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 15

AS Level

TOPIC 5 Questionsheet 10

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TEST QUESTION I
NOTE In this Questionsheet, assume that dilute aqueous solutions have a specific heat capacity of 4.18 J g-1 K-1
and a density of 1.00 g cm-3.
a) (i)

Define the term molar enthalpy of solution.

...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) When 5.35 g of ammonium chloride was dissolved in 100 g of water, the temperature fell from 20.55 0C
to 17.10 0C. Calculate the molar enthalpy of solution of ammonium chloride.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(iii) What is the significance of the sign of the value calculated in (ii)?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
b) 50.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 NH3(aq) at 20.00 oC. was mixed with 50.0 cm3 0.5 mol dm-3 HCl(aq), also at 20.00 oC.
The temperature of the mixture rose to 23.12 oC. Calculate the molar enthalpy of neutralisation of HCl(aq) by
NH3(aq).
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [3]

TOTAL (Continued..)
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AS Level

TOPIC 5 Questionsheet 10 Continued

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TEST QUESTION I
c) (i)

Write an equation to represent the formation of 1 mole of solid ammonium chloride from its elements in
their standard states.

....................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Use the following data, together with your answers from a) and b), to calculate the molar enthalpy of
solution of ammonia. Your answer should include an enthalpy cycle or diagram to which Hesss law is
clearly applied.

Hf / kJ mol-1 : NH3(g) = -43.2

HCl(g) = -92.3

NH4Cl(s) = -315

Molar enthalpy of solution of HCl(g) = -187 kJ mol-1

Enthalpy cycle or diagram

[5]
Application of Hesss law
............................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Molar enthalpy of solution of ammonia
...................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................... [2]

TOTAL / 19

AS Level

TOPIC 5 Questionsheet 11

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TEST QUESTION II
A spirit burner containing ethanol was weighed. 80 cm3 of water was measured into a metal calorimeter and the
temperature measured. The burner was ignited under the calorimeter and extinguished after 5 minutes.

The temperature of the water and the mass of the burner were then immediately measured. The following results
were obtained:
Mass of spirit burner at start (g)
Mass of spirit burner after combustion (g)
Temperature of water at start (oC)
o

Temperature of water after combustion ( C)

32.44
31.96
16.4
33.1

a) Calculate
(i) the mass of ethanol burned
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) the temperature rise of the water
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [1]

TOTAL(Continued...)
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AS Level

TOPIC 5 Questionsheet 11 Continued

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TEST QUESTION II
b) Assuming 1cm3 of water rises 1oC for 4.2 J energy , calculate
(i) the energy exchange with the surroundings (in joules)
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) the energy yield for ethanol in joules per g
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) the enthalpy of combustion for ethanol
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [4]
(iv) Explain why it is not possible to state that the answer to (iii) is thestandard enthalpy of combustion.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(v) Give an assumption used when calculating an answer to (i)
....................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
c) If the standard enthalpy of combustion is -1400 kJ mol-1, suggest and explain two reasons for the difference.
Reason 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Explanation ......................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Reason 2 ....................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Explanation ......................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................... [2]

TOTAL / 19