Synopsis

on Work Stress in Manufacturing Unit

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of Master Of Business Administration SUBMITTED BY Monika (Roll No. 107)
SUBMITTED TO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY

WORK STRESS

INTRODUCTION
Work stress means improper occupational stress or burden that badly affects the psychological and physical condition of the worker himself (Kroes, 1974). Peng (1998) states that psychological stress is neither stimulus nor reaction but a handling method or relationship; it is the interaction between the individual and the environment, which gains or consumes resources of human behavior and endangers the individual health. When the individual feels job stress, it usually comes along with following symptoms:(1) psychological aspect--- passive, disconsolate, anxious and anger; (2) physical aspect--imbalance incretion, headache, sleepless and disturbed; (3) behavioral aspect--- change of living behavior, decrease of job involvement, absence from work, and turnover. Major causes of stress in managers at work are:

The design of task: heavy workload, infrequent rest breaks, long work hours and shift works, hectic and routine tasks that have little inherent meaning, do not utilize worker skills, and provide little sense of control. Management style: Lack of participation by workers in decision-making, poor communication in the organization, lack of family-friendly policies. Interpersonal Relationships: poor social environment and lack of support or help from coworkers and supervisors. Work Roles: Conflicting or uncertain job expectations, too much responsibility, and too many hats to wear Career Concerns: Job insecurity and lack of opportunity for growth, advancement, or promotion; rapid changes for which workers are unprepared. Environmental Condition: Unpleasant or dangerous physical conditions such as crowding, noise, air pollution, or ergonomic problems.

Literature Review

1. The earliest and most imphential conceptualization of stress came from Seyle (19561). He observed an identical series of bio chemical changes in a number of organisms adapting a variety of environmental conditions. H e termed this series of changes of the 'General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). 2. LAZARUS. (1966) made tremendous contribution to the study of Psychological stress he suggests a more comprehensive definition of stress as a generic term a s a whole area of problems that Include the stimuli producing stress reactions. The reactions themselves and the various interviewing process. This concept referring to the field stress covers Physiological, Sociological, and Psychological stress. 3. T.A BEEHR and J.E NEWMAN (1978) define job stress as 'a condition arising from the Interaction of people and their jobs and characterized by changes within people that force then to deviate from the normal functioning. 4. MARSHALL AND COOPER (1979) point out the term stress to denote the following An excessive environmental force The harm caused The individual's reaction in situations

5. FIREMAN (1979) view strew as a Psychological response state of negative effect, characterized by a persistent and high level of experienced anxiety of tension he further view stress as a condition of organic damage resulting from strain. 6. According to BEEHR and BHAGAT (1985) stress includes stressors and strains. The term refers to the environmental stimulus and the term strain refers to individuals response which can be Physical, Psychological, or Behavioural indicators of ill health / well being of the individual. 7. John M IVANEEVICH AND MICHAEL (1987) - According to them the word stress has been compared with the word 'SIN' both are short, emotionally charged words used to refer to something that is otherwise take many words to say. 8. The study of Anita and Carolyn (1995) tested the effects of various demographic and socio-economic variables on perceived stress among bank employees in both work and non-work environment and established significant correlation between perceived stress in the work and non-work environment among the same bank employees. 9. Research Psychologist Sandi Mann of University of Sal ford (1998) stated that employees who are under in creaming pressure to appear enthusiastic, interested. cheerful, and friendly at all times in their work place arc highly places.

Research Methodology

Objective
In my point of view, study of Employee Work Stress Management helps the company to manage stress of the employees. This study tells us how much the employees are capable, their interest at work place and the things which are still necessary to satisfy to the employees. Although human resources are the most important resources for any organization, so to study on employees satisfaction helps to know the working conditions & what are the things that affects them not to work properly. Always majority of work done by the machines/equipments but without any manual moments nothing can be done. So to study on employee stress is necessary. Management wants to know what its employee think, what they feel, what they want, how much their needs are satisfied and much more can be come out by the study of employee stress management. In a big organization, it is very difficult to know about every employees stress. For this purpose it becomes necessary to apply this kind of study, so that management can know its employee. Thats why this study is essential to do for any organization. As HMT Ltd.(T) is one of huge public sector, it is also hard for government to understand its employees work stress. To fulfill this purpose, importance of this study is shown. Research is a common word which is generally used for the search of knowledge. It is a scientific and systematic search on a topic. Research Design: - This study is based on the primary and secondary data. We have used the data which is provided by consumers and the company both. We are finding the effect of work stress in their occupation. So this is diagnostic or causal research design. Because this study is based on cause and effect. Survey of Population and Sample:For primary data, the population is the employees of HMT Ltd. Pinjore Tractor Division. The sample is taken on the random basis. The size of sample is 50 employees in HMT Ltd. Pinjore Tractor Division.

Collection of Data:The data which is collected in this report is generally of two types. Primary data The data which is collected by the survey, continuous observations, interviews and questionnaires etc. Secondary data- The data which is collected by technical reports, journals, newspaper, area office, head office and different web sites. The secondary data have various advantages over the primary data: Collection cost is less. Fewer efforts required to collect the data. Accuracy of the data is more. Easily available from the departments.

Data analysis and interpretation Data analysis:I classified the raw data into some purposeful and usable categories. I have prepared some tables and charts for the analysis of the data. Data Interpretation:Data will interpret and inferences drawn and transformed to meaningful information so that accurate decision can be taken.

Questionnaire on the Stress Management

Scoring Method Write in the score which best matches you: 1 = never, 2 = seldom, 3 = sometimes, 4 = often, 5 = nearly all the time

Question
1 2 How often do you feel you have too little authority to carry out your responsibilities? How often do you feel you are unclear about the scope and responsibilities of your job? How often are you unaware that opportunities for advancement and promotion exist for you? How often do you feel that your workload is too heavy and that you could not possibly finish during the ordinary work day? How often do you feel that you will not be able to satisfy the conflicting demands of various people around you? How often do you feel that you are not fully qualified to handle your job? How often do you not know what your superior thinks of you or how he/she evaluates your performance? How often do you find yourself unable to get the information you need to perform your job? How often do you worry about making decisions that affect the lives of people you know? How often do you feel that you may not be liked and accepted by people at work? How often do you feel unable to influence your immediate supervisors decisions and actions that affect you? How often do you not know just what the people you work for expect of you? How often do you think the amount of work you have to do may interfere with how well it is done? How often do you feel that you have to do things on the job that are against your better judgment? How often do you feel your job interferes with your family life?

Score

6 7

10 11

12 13

14

15

What the score means: 15-30 Youre experiencing a little pressure at work but generally feel in control. 31-45 You have a good level of control most of the time. Situations cause stress occasionally. 46-60 You often feel under pressure and out of control. You are likely feeling some form of stress. 61-75 You have a high level of pressure and feel out of control. You are almost certainly suffering from stress and need to plan for new coping skills or a change in situation.