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SIGNIFICANCE OF MUHARRAM

Muharram is the first month of the Islamic calendar. It is one of the four sacred months of the year in which fighting is prohibited. Since the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar, Muharram moves from year to year when compared with the Gregorian calendar. Muharram is so called because it is unlawful to fight during this month, the word is derived from the word Haraam, meaning "forbidden". It is held to be the most sacred of all the months, excluding Ramadan. Some Muslims fast during these days. The tenth day of Muharram is called Yawmul Ashura (Yawm-day, Ashura -10th). This is also a sacred day for Jews and they fast on this day because Prophet Moses (peace and blessings be upon him) and his people obtained a victory over the Egyptian King Pharaoh on the 10th day of Muharram (Yawmul Ashura). When Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madina, he found that the Jews of Madina were fasting on this day remembering Prophet Moses (peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) admired this tradition and said to the Jews, "I am closer to Moses than you are." He fasted and also told his Companions to fast on this day. Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) also recommended to fast on both the 9th and 10th day of Muharram to distinguish the tradition of Jews. It is mentioned by Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) that Fasting on 10th Day of Muharram (is of great merits), I hope that Allah will accept it as an expiation for (the sins committed in) the previous year". The event also marks the anniversary of the Battle of Karbala a place in Iraq which took place in 680 AD (October 10, 680) when grandson of Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) Imam Hussain (son of Ali), was killed by the forces of Yazid (ruler at that time). The forces of Yazid also killed 72 individuals who fought including Imam Hussains family and supporters. The women and children left behind were made prisoners and transported to Damascus and imprisoned there. Many Shia Muslims congregate together in public for ceremonial chest beating as a display of their devotion to Imam Hussain and in remembrance of his suffering. In some Shia societies, such as those in Bahrain, Pakistan, India, Afghanistan and Iraq, some male participants incorporate knives or razors swung upon chains during this ceremonial. This practice has been forbidden by most Shia scholars including Iran's Leader Sayyid Ali Khamenai and the Lebanese senior cleric Sayyed Moahamd Hussein Fadlullah. Such Islamic scholars consider it to be an innovation whose practice is forbidden by Islam. In Islam, a person is not allowed to mourn for a death of a person for more than 3 days, except for a widow for 4 months and 10 days.

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