Nanotechnology and Power Buildings: Solar Powers Surprising Future

B.J. Stanbery, CEO HelioVolt Corporation Austin, TX

24 Oct 2005
HelioVolt Corporation

Will Solar Become a Significant Power Source for the World?

! Solars

role in the worlds energy future depends on political choices

Will coals use be limited by
CO2 generation?

Will nuclears use be limited by

waste disposal costs and proliferation risk?

! Solars

growth is inevitable

Breadth of adoption dependent on

24 Oct 2005

New technologies for reduced cost New application paradigm: Power Buildings
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Solar Power Today

PV Module Market (millions)

$3,500 $3,000 $2,500 $2,000 $1,500 $1,000

Silicon Photovoltaic (PV) modules for retrofit

$500 $0
92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 19

! ! !
24 Oct 2005

PV module sales $3.3B (2004 estimate)

PV market 30+% CAGR

Sales <!% total annual global CapEx for electrical power generation Current market limited by price
$3.50/Wp modules + $3 installation
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Solar Power Tomorrow

! ! !
24 Oct 2005

Power Buildings will become multi-$T market

PV as an integrated electronic component

Efficient, durable thin-film solar cells incorporated into traditional building materials Current products unsuitable
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Power Buildings Market

! !

Huge latent demand USA potential: $150B/yr

60% share

Multiple segments
Architectural glass Windows & skylights Roofing
Electrical Demand met by PV

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Competitors for the Mass Power Market?

! Silicon
13%

PV cannot meet needs

87%

Durable & efficient Expensive mature technology Low margins

! Organic

PV unlikely to meet needs

Efficiency & lifetime issues

! Conventional

semiconductor thin film currently too expensive

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24 Oct 2005

Heliovolt Breakthrough CIGS Platform Technology

!

Highest Performance and Durability

Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS): Highest Thin Film Efficiency Currently used for most-demanding applications

! Lowest Cost
Less than one third the cost of Silicon PV Cells

! Widest Range of Form Factors

Durable and inexpensive coating for glass, metals and polymeric materials

24 Oct 2005

! Unique Patented FASST Process Field-Assisted Simultaneous Synthesis HelioVolt and Transfer Replaces costly slow processing unsuited to mass production
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Nanotechnology in HelioVolts FASST CIGS Process: Precursors

Printing Plate Precursor 2

Stage 1: Precursor Deposition

Precursor 1 Substrate Printing Plate

Stage 2: Rapid Thermal Processing and Separation

Heat

Electrostatic & Mechanical Pressure

CIGS Layer Substrate Substrate

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Unique Nanoscience of CIGS

! Inherent

to CIGS PV semiconductor

Spontaneous nanostructuring
Driven by phase segregation

Forms internal nano-scale junctions

Two phases form different interpenetrating percolation networks for each carrier type Explains CIGS performance & robustness

! New

scientific insight

Suggests novel pathways for cost & performance improvement

24 Oct 2005
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Nanotechnology and Buildings: Changes for the Electrical Industry

!

Generation
Integration of CIGS PV as Coatings on Building Construction Materials

Conservation
Nanotechnology application to improved insulation, lower cost low-E windows

Transmission
Need reduced by distributed generation:
Power produced at the point of consumption Inherent benefit of PV Power Buildings

24 Oct 2005

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HelioVolt Corporation

Worlds Highest Performance, Lowest Cost, & Most Versatile Solar Power Platform

24 Oct 2005

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