SEMINAR REPORT ON

WIRELESS ELECTRIC SYSTEM

BY BRIJESH KUMAR KAUSHIK (0905420034)

SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTEMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF ASST. PROF. RAJNIKANT TIWARI

BABU BANARASI DAS NATIONAL INSTITUTE

OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

GAUTAM BUDHA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY 2011-12

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to avail this opportunity to acknowledge the academic interaction, exchange of views and participation of our guide Asst. prof.Rajnikant Tiwari, who has provided me active guidance, cooperation and technical support during my project work and given me an insight into various complicated issues. His able guidance and friendly behavior helped me a lot in the completion of the project. Without his guidance, it would not have been possible to accomplish this project. Last but not the least I would like to pay my sincere thanks to all those who have directly or indirectly lend their supportive hand, without which the culminations of the project work, would not have been possible.

Brijesh Kumar Kaushik (0905420034)

Content
1.Acknowledgement 2.Abstract 3.Introduction 4.Wireless power transmission system 5.Component of wireless power transmission system 6.Microwaves 7.Witricity 8.Indetail about wireless electric system 9.Need and working of wireless electric system 10.Advantages and Disadvantages 11.Applications 12.Future scope 13.Conclusion 14.Refrences

ABSTRACT
Don't you hate it when you forget to put your mobile phone on charge? Well, take heart - a new technology called WiTricity could mean never having to plug it in again. Welcome to the world of WiTricity. WiTricity, a portmanteau for wireless electricity, is a term which describes wireless energy transfer, the ability to provide electrical energy to remote objects without wires. The term was coined initially in 2005 by Dave Gerding and later used for the project of a MIT research team led by Prof. Marin Solijaci. The wireless electricity works on the principle of using coupled resonant objects for the transfer of electricity to objects without the use of any wires. This concept of witricity was made possible using resonance where an object vibrates with the application of a certain frequency of energy. The MIT researchers have been able to power a 60 watt light bulb from a power source that is located about seven feet away. This was made possible using two copper coils that were twenty inches in diameter which were designed so that they resonated together in the MHz range. One of these coils were connected to a power source while the other, to a bulb. With this witricity setup, the bulb got powered even when the coils were not in sight. The main advantages of witricity are that it is omni directional; the mess of wires can also be avoided .Thus enabling us in easy recharging of our electronic gadgets likes mobiles and laptops. Also, interactions of the environmental objects with the magnetic fields are suppressed since there is no tendency of interaction with the common materials. Its discovery is different from all previous effort because it uses magnetically coupled resonance", which means it will not only be safe but it will be fairly efficient.

INTRODUCTION
One of the major issue in power system is the losses occurs during the transmission and distribution of electrical power. As the demand increases day by day, the power generation increases and the power loss is also increased. The major amount of power loss occurs during transmission and distribution. The percentage of loss of power during transmission and distribution is approximated as 26%. The main reason for power loss during transmission and distribution is the resistance of wires used for grid. The efficiency of power transmission can be improved to certain level by using high strength composite over head conductors and underground cables that use high temperature super conductor. But, the transmission is still inefficient. According to the World Resources Institute (WRI), Indias electricity grid has the highest transmission and distribution losses in the world a whopping 27%. Numbers published by various Indian government agencies put that number at 30%, 40% and greater than 40%. This is attributed to technical losses (grids inefficiencies) and theft . Any problem can be solved by stateof-the-art technology. The above discussed problem can be solved by choose an alternative option for power transmission which could provide much higher efficiency, low transmission cost and avoid power theft. Microwave Power Transmission is one of the promising technologies and may be the righteous alternative for efficient power transmission. WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION Nikola Tesla he is who invented radio and shown us he is indeed the Father of Wireless. Nikola Tesla is the one who first conceived the idea Wireless Power Transmission and demonstrated the transmission of electrical energy without wires" that depends upon electrical conductivity as early as 1891. In 1893, Tesla demonstrated the illumination of vacuum bulbs without using wires for power transmission at the World Columbian Exposition in Chicago. The Wardenclyffe tower shown in Figure 1 was designed and constructed by Tesla mainly for wireless transmission of electrical power rather than telegraphy. In 1904, an airship ship motor of 0.1 horsepower is driven by transmitting power through space from a distance of least 100 feet. In 1961, Brown published the first paper proposing microwave energy for power transmission, and in 1964 he demonstrated a microwave-powered model

helicopter that received all the power needed for flight from a microwave beam at 2.45 GHz from the range of 2.4GHz 2.5 GHz frequency band which is reserved for Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) applications. Experiments in power transmission without wires in the range of tens of kilowatts have been performed at Goldstone in California in 1975 and at Grand Bassin on Reunion Island in 1997.The worlds first MPT experiment in the ionosphere called the MINIX(Microwave Ionosphere Non-linear Interaction Experiment) rocket experiment is demonstrated in 1983 at Japan [8]. Similarly, the worlds first fuel free airplane powered by microwave energy from ground was reported in 1987 at Canada. This system is called SHARP (Stationary High Altitude Relay Platform).In 2003, Dryden Flight Research Centre of NASA demonstrated a laser powered model airplane indoors. Japan proposed wireless charging of electric motor vehicles by Microwave Power Transmission in 2004. Powercast, a new company introduced wireless power transfer technology using RF energy at the 2007 Consumer Electronics Show. A physics research group, led by Prof. Marin Soljacic, at the Massachusetts Institute of technology (MIT) demonstrated wireless powering of a 60W light bulb with 40% efficiency at a 2m (7ft) distance using two 60cm-diameter coils in 2007. Recently in 2008, Intel reproduced the MIT group's experiment by wirelessly powering a light bulb with 75% efficiency at a shorter distance.

Wireless Power Transmission System

William C. Brown, the pioneer in wireless power transmission technology, has designed, developed a unit and demonstrated to show how power can be transferred through free space by microwaves. The concept of Wireless Power Transmission System is explained with functional block diagram shown in Figure 2. In the transmission side, the microwave power source generates microwave power and the output power is controlled by electronic control circuits. The wave guide ferrite circulator which protects the microwave source from reflected power is connected with the microwave power source through the Coax Waveguide Adaptor. The tuner matches the impedance between the transmitting antenna and the microwave source. The attenuated signals will be then separated based on the direction of signal propagation by Directional Coupler. The transmitting antenna radiates the power uniformly through free space to the rectenna. In the receiving side, a rectenna receives the transmitted power and converts the microwave power into DC power. The impedance matching circuit and filter is provided to setting the output impedance of a signal source equal to the rectifying circuit. The rectifying circuit consists of Schottky barrier diodes converts the received microwave power into DC power. Components of WPT System
The Primary components of Wireless Power Transmission are Microwave Generator, Transmitting antenna and Receiving antenna (Rectenna). The components are described below:

Microwave Generator
The microwave transmitting devices are classified as Microwave Vacuum Tubes (magnetron, klystron, Travelling Wave Tube (TWT), and Microwave Power Module (MPM)) and Semiconductor Microwave transmitters (GaAs MESFET, GaN pHEMT, SiC MESFET, AlGaN/GaN HFET, and InGaAS). Magnetron is widely used for experimentation of WPT. The microwave transmission often uses 2.45GHz or 5.8GHz of ISM band. The other choices of frequencies are 8.5 GHz, 10 GHz and 35 GHz. The highest efficiency over 90% is achieved at 2.45 GHz among all the frequencies.

Transmitting Antenna
The slotted wave guide antenna, microstrip patch antenna, and parabolic dish antenna are the most popular type of transmitting antenna. The slotted

waveguide antenna is ideal for power transmission because of its high aperture efficiency (> 95%) and high power handling capability.

Rectenna
The concept, the name rectenna and the rectenna was conceived by W.C. Brown of Raytheon Company in the early of 1960s. The rectenna is a passive element consists of antenna, rectifying circuit with a low pass filter between the antenna and rectifying diode. The antenna used in rectenna may be dipole, Yagi Uda, microstrip or parabolic dish antenna. The patch dipole antenna achieved the highest efficiency among the all. The performance of various printed rectenna is shown in Table I. Schottky barrier diodes (GaAs-W, Si, and GaAs) are usually used in the rectifying circuit due to the faster reverse recovery time and much lower forward voltage drop and good RF characteristics. The rectenna efficiency for various diodes at different frequency is shown in Table II.

WHAT ARE MICROWAVES ?

1. We are veryfamiliar to microwave ovens. 2. We have implemented the principle of microwave ovens for our receivers & transmitters. 3. Microwaves have wavelengths approximately in the range of 30 cms (freq= 1 GHz ) to 1 mm (freq= 300 GHz ). 4. The term microwaves generally refers to A.C. signals with frequencies between 300 MHz & 300 GHz. 5. The microwave range includes ultra high frequencies ( 0.3-3 GHz ), super high frequencies (3-30 GHz ), & extremely high frequencies (30-300 GHz ) signals. 6. We have used these microwaves for our wireless transmission.

What is WiTricity
WiTricity, a portmanteau for wireless electricity, is a term which describes wireless energy transfer, the ability to provide electrical energy to remote objects without wires. The term was coined initially in 2005 by Dave Gerding and later used for the project of a MIT research team led by Prof. Marin Soljai in 2007 Wireless power transmission is not a new idea, but to do so in an efficient way typically requires a directed beam like a laser or microwave. William C. Brown demonstrated in 1964 on the CBS Walter Cronkite news a microwave-powered model helicopter that received all the power needed for flight from a microwave beam (which requires the beam to be aimed at the aircraft as it flies). Between 1969 and 1975 Bill Brown was technical director of a JPL Raytheon program that beamed 30 kW over a distance of 1 mile between stationary points at 84% efficiency. Methods that don't require directed beams are typically very inefficient, as the energy is radiated in all directions (like a radio antenna) and only a small amount reaches the desired destination.

PRINCIPLE
The concept of wireless electricity works on the principle of using coupled resonant objects for the transfer of electricity to objects without the use of any wires. This concept of witricity was made possible using resonance where an object vibrates with the application of a certain frequency of energy. So two objects having similar resonance tend to exchange energy without causing any effects on the surrounding objects. As WiTricity operates in the electromagnetic near-field, the receiving devices must be no more than about a quarter wavelength from the transmitter that is a few meters at the frequency of a few MHz used by the system. In the study of diffraction and antenna design the electromagnetic field (or EM field) is, where the radiation pattern and/or the energy level depends on the distance from the antenna. The near field is that part of the radiated field nearest to the antenna. Beyond the near field is the infinite far field. In their first paper, the group also simulated GHz dielectric resonators. Unlike the far field wireless power transfer systems based on traveling EM waves, WiTricity employs near field inductive coupling through magnetic fields, which interact far more weakly with surrounding objects, including biological tissue. The WiTricity concept is fundamentally identical to the near field magnetically coupled Tesla coil resonators , WiTricity uses considerably lower and safer power levels and thus may be able to meet FCC and EMC regulations. Near-field technologies draw power from the transmitter when a receiver is nearby, but with far-field techniques, the source is always transmitting power in all directions, even if there is no receiver. Researchers attribute the non development of the concept to various reasons ranging from the limitations of well-known physical laws, to simply a lack of need. Only recently have modern consumers obtained a high number of portable electronic devices which currently require batteries and plug-in chargers. Another example involves acoustic resonances: Imagine a room with 100 identical wine glasses, each filled with wine up to a different level, so they all have different resonant frequencies. If an opera singer sings a sufficiently loud single note inside the room, a glass of the corresponding frequency might accumulate sufficient energy to even explode, while not influencing the other glasses. In any system of coupled resonators there often exists a so-

called "strongly coupled" regime of operation. If one ensures to operate in that regime in a given system, the energy transfer can be very efficient. While these considerations are universal, applying to all kinds of resonances (e.g., acoustic, mechanical, electromagnetic, etc.), the MIT team focused on one particular type: magnetically coupled resonators. It might sound like magnetic induction, which is used in transformers to transmit power between two, very close but non touching coils, but the researchers note that such non resonant magnetic induction drops off very quickly as the coils are moved apart, and are about a "million times less efficient" than resonant "Two coils with a matched resonance at the exact matching frequency on both ends = wireless power

INDETAIL ABOUT WIRELESS ELECTRICITY

INDUCTIVE COPLING

Inductive coupling uses magnetic fields that are a natural part of currents movement through wire. Any time electrical current moves through a wire,it create a circular magnetic magnetic field around the wire. Bending the wire into a coil amplifies the magnetic field. The more loops the coil makes, the bigger the field will be. If you place a second coil of wire in the magnetic field youve created, the field can induce a current in the wire. This is essentially how a transformer works, and it is how a electric toothbrush charges.It takes three basic steps: 1. Current from the wall outlet flows through a coil inside the charger, creating a magnetic field. In a transformer this coil is called as primary winding. 2. When you place a toothbrush in the charger, the magnetic field induces a current in another coil, or secondary winding, which connects to the battery. 3. This current recharges the battery. You can use the same principle to recharge several devices at once. For example, the Splashpower recharging mat and Edison Elctric Powerdesk both use coils to create same magnetic field. Electronic devices use corresponding built-in or plug-in receivers to recharge while resting on the mat. These receivers contain compatible coils the circulatory necessary to deliver electricity to device batteries.

ELECTRODYNAMIC INDUCTION Research at MIT indicates that induction can take place little differently if the electromagnetic fields around the coils resonate at the same frequency. The theory uses a curved coil of wire as an inductor. A capacitance plate, which can hold a charge, attaches to end of the coil. A electricity travels through this coil, the coil begins to resonate. Its resonant frequency is a product of inductance of the coil and the capacitance between the plates.

As with an electric toothbrush, this system relies on two coils. Electricity, trvelling along an electromagnetic wave, can tunnel for one coil to the other as long as they both have the same resonant frequency. The effect is same as one vibrating trumpet can cause the other to vibrate. As long as both coils are out of range of another, nothing will happen, since the fields around the coils arent strong enough to affect much around them. Similarly. If the two coils resonate at different frequencies, nothing will happen. But if two resonating coils with the same frequency get within a few meters of each other, stream of energy move from the transmitting coil to the receiving coil.According to this theory, one coil can send electricity to several receiving coils, as long as they all resonate at the same frequency. The researchers have named this non-radiative energy transfer since it involves stationary fields around the coil rather than fields that spread in all directions.

EXAMPLE (PRACTICAL EXPERIMENT)

FIRST EXPERIMENT OF WITRICITY

The first experiment of historicity, the concept of wireless electricity, was conducted in the year 2006, by researchers from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The Assistant Professor of this team of researchers was Marin Soljacic. This experiment was done using two copper coils of diameter two feet, a transmitter that was attached to a power source and a receiver that was placed about seven feet from the transmitter. This receiver was attached to a light bulb and once power was switched on at the transmitter, the bulb lit up despite there being no physical connection between the transmitter and receiver. The MIT researchers have been able to power a 60 watt light bulb from a power source that is located about seven feet away, while providing forty percent efficiency. This was made possible using two copper coils that were twenty inches in diameter which were designed so that they resonated together in the MHz range. One of these coils were connected to a power source while the other, to a bulb. With this witricity setup, the bulb got powered even when the coils were not in sight. Data collected through measurements showed that there was transference of 40% of electricity through witricity. The interesting part of the electricity was that the bulb glowed despite the fact that wood, metal and other devices were placed in between the two coils.

This concept of witricity was made possible using resonance where an object vibrates with the application of a certain frequency of energy. So two objects having similar resonance tend to exchange energy without causing any effects on the surrounding objects. Just like in acoustic resonance, where there is a chance of a glass breaking if you strike the right tone, witricity is made possible with the resonance of low frequency electromagnetic waves. In this experiment, the coils were resonated at 10 MHz where the cols coupled and energy made to flow between them. With each cycle, more pressure and voltage built up in the coil till the accumulation of voltage provided enough pressure and energy to flow to the light bulb. These low frequency electromagnetic waves are rather safe as though the body responds strongly to electric fields; it has almost zero response to absorbing power from a magnetic field.

THE NEED FOR A WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSMISSION SYSTEM: A great concern has been voiced in recent years over the extensive use of energy, the limited supply of resources, and the pollution of the environment from the use of present energy conversion systems. Electrical power accounts for much of the energy consumed. Much of this power is wasted during transmission from power plant generators to the consumer. The resistance of the wire used in the electrical grid distribution system causes a loss of 26-30% of the energy generated. This loss implies that our present system of electrical distribution is only 70-74% efficient. A system of power distribution with little or no loss would conserve energy. It would reduce pollution and expenses resulting from the need to generate power to overcome and compensate for losses in the present grid system. The proposed project would demonstrate a method of energy distribution calculated to be 90-94% efficient. An electrical distribution system, based on this method would eliminate the need for an inefficient, costly, and capital intensive grid of cables, towers, and substations. The system would reduce

the cost of electrical energy used by the consumer and rid the landscape of wires, cables, and transmission towers. There are areas of the world where the need for electrical power exists, yet there is no method for delivering power. Africa is in need of power to run pumps to tap into the vast resources of water under the Sahara Desert. Rural areas, such as those in China, require the electrical power necessary to bring them into the 20th century and to equal standing with western nations. HOW IT WORKS ? Here, the power (electricity) generated at sub-station goes to the transmitter, which works like the principle of microwave oven This transmitter converts the electricity into microwaves & transmit them to our service towers When these transmitted waves reach at the desired tower, (HOME TOWER), the receiver of home tower receives these microwaves & converts them into electricity.The electricity is utilized for our home appliances.

How wireless switching works ? For wireless switching, we use a TRANSCIEVER, a combo of transmitter & receiver, in our home tower. This receives & transmits the microwaves directly to the transceiver of our hand held remote control. Now we can control our home appliances by operating this handheld remote control

Now the microwaves transmitted by this remote control are received by the receiver of our home appliance. And thus, we can control our home appliances wirelessly.

ADVANTAGES
1.Unaffected by day or night cycle, weather or seasons. 2.This is a ecofriendly system. 3.No need for electric rooms or meter closets. 4.Reduction in E-waste

5.More Convenient:
(a)No manual recharging or changing batteries. (b)Eliminate unsightly, unwieldy and costly power cords.

6.More Reliable:
(a)Never run out of battery power. (b)Reduce product failure rates by fixing the weakest link': flexing wiring and mechanical interconnects. (c)There is no need of having a line of sight.

More Environmentally Friendly:

(a)Reduce use of disposable batteries. (b)Use efficient electric grid power' directly instead of inefficient battery charging.

7.Direct Wireless Powerwhen all the power a device needs is provided wirelessly, and
no batteries are required. This mode is for a device that is always used within range of its WiTricity power source. 8.Automatic Wireless Chargingwhen a device with rechargeable batteries charges itself while still in use or at rest, without requiring a power cord or battery replacement. This mode is for a mobile device that may be used both in and out of range of its WiTricity power source.

DISADVANTAGES
1.The resonance condition should be satisfied or else an error exits and there is no possibility of power transfer. 2.If there is a possibility of strong ferromagnetic material presence causes low power transfer due to radiation. 3.Replacing the old goods with new ones is costly affair.

APPLICATIONS
WiTricitys wireless power transfer technology can be applied in a wide variety of applications and environments. The ability of our technology to transfer power safely, efficiently, and over distance can improve products by making them more convenient, reliable, and environmentally friendly. WiTricity technology can be used to provide: Direct Wireless Powerwhen all the power a device needs is provided wirelessly, and no batteries are required. This mode is for a device that is always used within range of its WiTricity power source. Automatic Wireless Chargingwhen a device with rechargeable batteries charges itself while still in use or at rest, without requiring a power cord or battery replacement. This mode is for a mobile device that may be used both in and out of range of its WiTricity power source.

Consumer Electronics Automatic wireless charging of mobile electronics (phones, laptops, game controllers, etc.) in home, car, office, Wi-Fi hotspots while devices are in use and mobile. Direct wireless powering of stationary devices (flat screen TVs, digital picture frames, home theater accessories, wireless loud speakers, etc.) eliminating expensive custom wiring, unsightly cables and wall-wart power supplies. Direct wireless powering of desktop PC peripherals: wireless mouse, keyboard, printer, speakers, display, etc eliminating disposable batteries and awkward cabling.

Industrial Direct wireless power and communication interconnections across rotating and moving joints (robots, packaging machinery, assembly machinery, machine tools) eliminating costly and failure-prone wiring. Direct wireless power and communication interconnections at points of use in harsh environments (drilling, mining, underwater, etc.) where it is impractical or impossible to run wires. Direct wireless power for wireless sensors and actuators, eliminating the need for expensive power wiring or battery replacement and disposal. Automatic wireless charging for mobile robots, automatic guided vehicles, cordless tools and instrumentseliminating complex docking mechanisms, and labor intensive manual recharging and battery replacement.

Transportation Automatic wireless charging for existing electric vehicle classes: golf carts, industrial vehicles. Automatic wireless charging for future hybrid and all-electric passenger and commercial vehicles, at home, in parking garages, at fleet depots, and at remote kiosks. Direct wireless power interconnections to replace costly vehicle wiring harnesses and slip rings.

Other Applications Direct wireless power interconnections and automatic wireless charging for implantable medical devices (ventricular assist devices, pacemaker, defibrilator, etc.). Automatic wireless charging and for high tech military systems (battery powered mobile devices, covert sensors, unmanned mobile robots and aircraft, etc.). Direct wireless powering and automatic wireless charging of smart cards. Direct wireless powering and automatic wireless charging of consumer appliances, mobile robots, etc.

COMPARITATIVE ADVANTAGES OF WITRICITY OVER OTHER RADIATION METHODS: Various methods of transmitting power wirelessly have been known for centuries. Perhaps the best known example is electromagnetic radiation, such as radio waves. While such radiation is excellent for wireless transmission of information, it is not feasible to use it for power transmission. Since radiation spreads in all directions, a vast majority of power would end up being wasted into free space. One can envision using directed electromagnetic radiation, such as lasers, but this is not very practical and can even be dangerous. It requires an uninterrupted line of sight between the source and the device, as well as a sophisticated tracking mechanism when the device is mobile.

Besides the wasteful nature of dispensing energy in a non-controlled direction (i.e. radio waves), there is also concern for safety. One property of WiTricity is that released energy remains within a magnetic field surrounding the source resonator until it is picked up by an object sharing the same frequency. As this technology will inevitably take off, it becomes the role of the designer to think of where these properties can appropriately be used, and to ensure that non-powered components within a facility don't share the same resonant frequencies; everything has a resonant frequency. This has also been achieved. It is realized that instead of irradiating the environment with electromagnetic waves, a power transmitter could fill the space around it with a "non-radiative" electromagnetic field. Essentially, energy would only be picked up by gadgets specified to "resonate" with the frequency. At any rate, Soljacic believes that the technology can be developed to be relatively safe, although working out the details will not necessarily be easy. Apart from this, the body really responds strongly to electric fields, which is why you can cook a chicken in a microwave. But it doesn't respond to magnetic fields. As far as we know the body has almost zero response to magnetic fields in terms of the amount of power it absorbs. Magnetic coupling is particularly suitable for everyday applications because most common materials interact only very weakly with magnetic fields, so interactions with extraneous environmental objects are suppressed even further. The fact that magnetic fields interact so weakly with biological organisms is also important for safety considerations.

Here they use extremely low frequency, thirty meter long electromagnetic waves, which are said to be harmless to humans The main advantage of this system is that we can get electricity anywhere without wires. This will enable us to use our portable electronic gadgets everywhere without bothering about ending up in the charge of the batteries. The nature of power delivery is omni directional i.e. in every direction. Magnetic resonances are particularly suitable for everyday application because most of the common materials do not interact with magnetic fields, so interactions with environmental objects are suppressed even further.

DEVELOPMENTS MADE SO FAR

As witricity is in the developmental stage, lots of work is still to be done in improving it as it is disclosed that witricity power applications operate at only 40% efficiency. However, Intel reproduced the MIT group's experiment by wirelessly powering a light bulb with 75% efficiency at a shorter distance. Just as beneficial witricity may be, there are some contraindications to the concept, with debates if it is risky living next to power lines and having a low power witricity network running in the home. They wonder what happens if a glass of water is spilt in a witricity room. This has also been achieved.It is realized that instead of irradiating the environment with electromagnetic waves, a power transmitter could fill the space around it with a "non-radiative" electromagnetic field. Essentially, energy would only be picked up by gadgets specified to "resonate" with the frequency. However despite these contraindications, witricity has a bright future with the many advantages it provides in terms of weight, convenience and portability of electrical appliances

FUTURE SCOPE
Commercial Implementation of wireless electricity is being done by wireless corporation. Japan is planning to put solar panels in space for wireless power generation. Just imagine the future, with witricity, where there will be no need of power cables and batteries. The city just has to be covered with witricity hot spots wherein you can use your electric gadget battery and wire free making it more convenient to carry around and much lighter. With witricity, there will be no need of charging batteries, or buying new batteries for your electrical gadgets.

CONCLUSION
This technology is a big impediment to development in the retail sector right now. Just imagine the future, with witricity, where there will be no need of power cables and batteries. The city just has to be covered with witricity hot spots wherein you can use your electric gadget battery and wire free making it more convenient to carry around and much lighter. With witricity, there will be no need of charging batteries, or buying new batteries for your electrical gadgetsThe wireless transfer of electricity has been a sci-fi dream up to this point ,and truly, if electricity could simply be in the air, in the same way radio waves and wi-fi signals are, it would change the world.

REFRENCES
1.www.google.com
2.www.faadooengineers.com 3.www.techwiz.com 4.www.scribd.com