CHL705: ELECTROKINETIC TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

PRACTICAL SESSION SOLUTIONS

1.

Let us consider the reaction

For the above equilibrium reaction the association constant is given by

[ [ ][ ] ]

similarly dissociation constant is given by

[ [ ][

] ]

We know that

applying logarithm to above equation we get but Hence -

3. The concentration of is 0.01 mol/dm3 the dissociation of BaSO4 is given by

Let the solubility of BaSO4 is x [ ] = 0.01+ x

Ksp = 1.21010 mol2/dm6 By definition [ ][ ]

1.21010 = (x)(0.01+x) Solving the above equation we get x =1.2 x 10-8 mol/dm3

4)

The dissociation of CaSO4 is given by

][

(1)

Similarly the dissociation of SrSO4 is given by

][

(2)

By dividing (1)/(2) we get

=[

][ ][

] ]

Here both are unknowns hence we use the axiom that sum of all charges = 0 (electroneutrality) [ ] [ ] [ ]

From equation (2) [ ] [ ] [ ]

Upon solving we get [ 5) ]

The positive charge comes from H3O+ and negative ion A- and OH- hence
[ [ ] [ ] ]

b)

for sparingly soluble salt

Ksp = [

][

]3

6. a) The dissociation of calcite is given by

We know that GO = -RT lnK GO = - 8.314 x 298 x ln(8.9 x 10-9) = 45927.28 J/mol the dissociation of aragonite is given by

GO = - 8.314 x 298 x ln(1.22 x 10-8) = 45145.89 J/mol b) given [ [ ][ ] ] [ ] = 10-4 Ksp = [ ][ ] upon substituting the values we get

therefore it is impossible to dissolve in the solution. ][ ] therefore it is dissolve in the solution.

Similarly for aragonite [

But we know first three terms indicate GO GO For calcite 288.717 J/mol For aragonite

7.

dissociation of KCl is given by

Ionic strength is given by

[ ]

[ b)

9/20

log i

1 I

Azi2 I

To calculate activity co-eficient of K+ is given below here A =0.510 mol-1/2dm3/2 and ionic strength is I=0.1

log i
There fore = 0.758 For Mg2+

0.5 0.1 0.1

log i
For La3+ =

0.5 x 4 0.1

0.1

0.331

log i

0.5 x9 0.1

0.1

0.0831

c)

replace the concentration with c=0.5 mol/dm3 and calculate the activity co-efficient

8.

given that

= = GO We know Hence the above equation can be written as = GO + [ ] [ ] [ ] [ [ ] ] ] [ [ ] ]

Let the concentration of [ GO + = GO + = GO + b)

= GO + Let the concentration of [ GO + )= Therefore = [ ]

[ ]

] [

[ ] )

10)
[ [ ][ ] ]

=[

[ ][

] ] [

[ ][

] ]

[ [ Taking log on both sides of the above equation [[ ] [ ]

][ ]

But activity co-efficient is expressed in terms of ionic strength and it is given by

log i

1 I 1 I
2 I

Azi2 I

Let us assume A=0.510 mol-1/2dm3/2

log cuso4

Substituting the above equation in the log equation

1 I

2 I

11)

we know that

IC can be calculated as Substitute the values of concentration and obtain the values of K.

12)

Bjerrium distance is given by

q=

= 2.8 nm

by taking the sum of radii for a we obtain KA = 5222 M-1 for we obtain = 0.648 similarly do for other values.