cation Ed u

Career & Technical

Basic Geometric Terms & Construction

004.00 Explain geometric terms and apply geometric construction techniques

cation Ed u

Career & Technical

Basic Geometric Terms & Construction

004.01 Explain selected geometric terms

Geometry
The study of the size and shape of things The relationship of straight and curved lines in drawing shapes It is essential to recognize geometry that exists within objects for the purpose of creating solid models or multiview drawings

Angles
Acute Angle
Measures less than 90

Obtuse Angle
Measures more than 90

Right Angle
Measures exactly 90
Vertex

Vertex
Point at which two lines of an angle intersect

Circle
Radius
Distance from the center of a circle to its edge

Diameter
Distance across a circle through its center

Circumference
Distance around the edge of a circle

Chord
Line across a circle that does not pass at the circles center

Circle
Has 360 Quadrant
One fourth (quarter) of a circle Measures 90
90
90

Concentric
Two or more circles of different sizes that share the same center point

90

90

Triangles
Equilateral
All three sides are of equal length and all three angles are equal

Isosceles
Two sides are of equal length

Scalene
Sides of three different lengths and angles with three different values

Triangles
Right Triangle
One of the angles equals 90

Hypotenuse
The side of a right triangle that is opposite the 90 angle

HYPOTENUSE

Quadrilaterals
Square
Four equal sides and all angles equal 90

Rectangle
Two sides equal lengths and all angles equal 90

Trapezoid
Only two sides are equal length

Quadrilaterals
Rhombus
All sides are equal length and opposite angles are equal

Rhomboid
Opposite sides are equal length and opposite angles are equal

Regular Polygons
Pentagon
Five sided polygon

Hexagon
Six sided polygon

Octagon
Eight sided polygon

Regular Polygons
Distance across flats
Measurement across the parallel sides of a polygon
FLATS

Distance across corners

Measurement across adjacent corners of a polygon
CORNERS

Solids
Prism
Right Rectangular Right Triangular

Solids
Cylinder Cone Sphere

Solids
Pyramid

Torus

Geometric Terms
Circumscribe
Process of creating a polygon that fully encloses a circle and is tangent to all of the polygons sides

Inscribe
Process of creating a polygon that is fully enclosed by a circle at its corners

Geometric Terms
Bisect
Divide into two equal parts

Tangent
A line and arc, or two arcs that touch each other at one point only

Geometric Terms
Parallel
Two or more lines that are always the same distance apart

Perpendicular
Two lines that are at a 90 angle

Geometric Symbols
Angle Triangle R Radius Diameter Parallel Perpendicular Square C Centerline L

cation Ed u

Career & Technical

Basic Geometric Terms & Construction

4.02 Demonstrate the procedures for drawing standard geometric constructions

Bisect a Line w/ a Compass

Given line AB With points A & B as centers and any radius greater than of AB, draw arcs to intersect, creating points C & D Draw line EF through points C and D

Bisect a Line w/ a Triangle

Given line AB
F H D

Draw line CD from endpoint A Draw line EF from endpoint B

C A G E B

Draw line GH through intersection

Bisect an Arc
Given arc AB With points A & B as centers and any radius greater than of AB, draw arcs to intersect, creating points C & D Draw line EF through points C and D

Bisect an Angle
Given angle AOB With point O as the center and any convenient radius R, draw an arc to intersect AO and OB to located points C and D With C and D as centers and any radius R2 greater than the radius of arc CD, draw two arcs to intersect, locating point E Draw a line through points O and E to bisect angle AOB

Divide a Line into Equal Parts

Given line AB Draw a line from endpoint A perpendicular to line AB Position scale, placing zero on line AC at an angle so that the scale touches point B Keeping zero on line AC, adjust the angle of the scale until any of the desired number of divisions are included between line AC and point B Mark the divisions Draw lines parallel to AC through the division marks to intersect line AB
C A B

Construct a Hexagon
Given distance across the flats of a hexagon, draw centerlines and a circle with a diameter equal to the distance across flats With parallel edge and 30 60 triangle, draw the tangents

given distance Across Flats (Circumscribed)

Construct a Hexagon

given distance Across Corners (Inscribed)

Given distance AB across the corners, draw a circle with AB as the diameter With A and B as centers and the same radius, draw arcs to intersect the circle at points C, D, E, and F Connect the points to complete the hexagon C A D B

Construct an Octagon Across Flats (Circumscribed)

Given the distance across the flats, draw centerlines and a circle with a diameter equal to the distance across flats With a parallel edge and 45 triangle, draw lines tangent to the circle in the order shown to complete the octagon
3 1 5 7

8 2

Construct an Octagon Across Corners (Inscribed)

Given the distance across the corners, draw centerlines AB and CD and a circle with a diameter equal to the distance across corners With the T-square and 45 triangle, draw diagonals EF and GH Connect the points to complete the octagon
A C G E

F D

Construct an Arc Tangent to Two Lines at an Acute Angle

Given lines AB and CD Construct parallel lines at distance R Construct the
R

B
O
R

points of tangency

perpendiculars to locate

With O as the point, construct the tangent arc using distance R

Construct an Arc Tangent to Two Lines at an Obtuse Angle

A

Given lines AB and CD Construct parallel lines at distance R Construct the

R

points of tangency

perpendiculars to locate

B C

With O as the point, construct the tangent arc using distance R

Construct an Arc Tangent to Two Lines at Right Angles

Given angle ABC With B as the point, strike arc R1 equal to given radius With D and E as the points, strike arcs R2 equal to given radius With O as the point, strike arc R equal to given radius
B E A
R2

R1

R2

Construct an Arc Tangent to a Line and an Arc

Given line AB and arc CD Strike arcs R1 (given radius) Draw construction arc parallel to given arc, with center O Draw construction line parallel to given line AB From intersection E, draw EO to get tangent point T1, and drop perpendicular to given line to get point of tangency T2 Draw tangent arc R from T1 to T2 with center E O C
R1

E T1
R1

A D T2

Construct an Arc Tangent to Two Arcs

Given arc AB with center O and arc CD A with center S Strike arcs R1 = radius R Draw construction arcs O parallel to given arcs, using centers O and S Join E to O and E to S to get tangent points T Draw tangent arc R from T to T, with center E
R1

T
R

E BC

R1