SCILAB TOOLBOX FOR POWER SYSTEMS ANALYSYS Users Guide

SCILAB TOOLBOX FOR POWER SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

Version 0.4 December 2005

Users Guide

Alexander Cspedes F.
cf.alexander@gmail.com

Colombia 2005

SCILAB TOOLBOX FOR POWER SYSTEMS ANALYSYS Users Guide

Contents

1. - Introduction 2. - Installation 3. - Running the programs 4. - Building data files 5. - Additional Options for the toolbox 6. - Files Summary 7. - Bibliography

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SCILAB TOOLBOX FOR POWER SYSTEMS ANALYSYS Users Guide

USERS GUIDE 1. INTRODUCTION The Power System Analysis toolbox developed in Scilab is composed, like most simulation software, by simple steps for its installation and execution with key steps for obtaining an optimal use. Therefore, it is necessary to show the user, through this guide, the procedure to follow. 2. INSTALLATION The toolbox works under any operating system running the Scilab environment (Windows and Linux). It is advise to use processors equal or upper to PENTIUM II (or their equivalents). For the installation, you must to follow these steps:

Step 1: Under Windows, you must run the Scilab program. Step 2: Move the toolbox files to the Path of Scilab. Step 3: In the Scilab window, use the function Change Directory; the direct access is: File/Change Directory/ Directory name or folder name. Step 4: Please, load the Analysis functions of the toolbox executing the function Loader of the following way: File/Exec/ Cargador. If the procedure is correct, in the screen appears the next message: PROGRAMAS DE ANALISIS DE SISTEMAS DE POTENCIA CARGADOS.

Step 5: Now, you have the analysis programs ready to execute.

SCILAB TOOLBOX FOR POWER SYSTEMS ANALYSYS Users Guide

3. RUNNING THE PROGRAMS With the programs of the toolbox ready to execute, you have the possibility to run the example cases and watch the different analysis and results that you can get. For running each function of the toolbox, you only need to call the analysis function that you require and between parentheses to introduce the case name for study. For instance, if you need to analise a 5-buses power system (toolbox example), you can use a load flow program by Newton-Raphson method; it is enough to write the following command in the prompt of Scilab: newton_raphson (caso5), Immediately, the program will be executed showing the results in the screen. The analysis functions that the program includes are shown next:

For Load Flow:

newton_raphson ( ); gauss_seidel ( );

For Economic Dispatch: //Dont consider the system losses //Consider the system losses

despacho1 ( ); despacho2 ( );

For Short-Circuit:

cortocircuito ( ); //Requires the voltage and power values

SCILAB TOOLBOX FOR POWER SYSTEMS ANALYSYS Users Guide

For Transient Stability: //Uses the Euler modified method //Uses the 4th order Runge-Kutta method //Uses the trapezoidal integration technique

euler_mod ( ); runge_kutta ( ); trapezoidal ( );

The example cases in the toolbox are the following: caso5 caso9
4.

// 5-buses system // 9-buses system

BUILDING DATA FILES

Though the toolbox includes pre-loaded data files, the user can build his/her own data files modifying the existing files or making new files with the objective to analyze power systems with different number of nodes. The pre-loaded 5-buses (caso5) case has a data file based on arrays and the initialization of several independent variables used by the analysis programs. The picture 1 shows an example about this case. You can see in this picture that the file is composed by arrays of data that allow the system composition; in this case, you have the buses array and the system branches array, though it is necessary more information that will be mentioned in the next section.

SCILAB TOOLBOX FOR POWER SYSTEMS ANALYSYS Users Guide

Picture.1. Example of the information file, case5 (5 buses pre-load system) The way to build a data file for a power system is showed next:

Step 1: open the programs editor in the Scilab environment. In the menu bar, you can see the word Editor (version 2.7 or upper). If you apply this function, a new window appears showing the following information:

Picture.2. Editor in Scilab screen

SCILAB TOOLBOX FOR POWER SYSTEMS ANALYSYS Users Guide

Step 2: In the editor, you should introduce the system data. In case that you have a Scilab version previous to the Scilab 2.7, you can work with a text editor (Notepad, WordPad or Word). The data must be introduce in array format like it is showed in the next picture (Picture 3).

Picture.3. Data array in the 5 nodes example In the picture 3 you can see that the data array is built it in the same way used to introduce an array in the Scilab environment, that is, it starts with the array name followed of the symbols = [ these limit the assignment and beginning of the array respectively. Then, the data are introduced, the columns are separated with a space between data and the rows trough the symbol ; (see the branches matrix in the picture 3). Finally, in the matrix you must use the ] symbol follow of ;. You can use the data file of the case 5 as a reference to limit the data of others cases that you want build.

SCILAB TOOLBOX FOR POWER SYSTEMS ANALYSYS Users Guide

Step 3: when all the data of the power system has been transfered to the file, you must save the file. In this case the toolbox read the file only with the name of the application, that is, it doesnt require a specific extension. For instance, if you need to save the data file of a 20-buses power system, then you can follow the next command: File/Save As/, afterwards appear a window with the files (see picture 4). In this window you must introduce the name file with you desire identify the study case but dont specify the extension (save as All files (*.*)), as showed in the picture 4. Picture.4. Scilab editor window to save files

Step 4: If you require to apply all analysis programs of the toolbox (recommended) you must make the following data matrix: //Contents the information of the system nodes // Contents the information of the system lines // Contents the information of the system buses generators // Contents the transient information of the system generators // Contents the information of the system coefficients B //Topology data of system positive sequence // Topology data of system negative sequence // Topology data of system cero sequence

barras ramas gen genest coef Z1 Z2 Z0

SCILAB TOOLBOX FOR POWER SYSTEMS ANALYSYS Users Guide

Step 5: with the data array loaded, you only must introduce some values of variables that the programs could use at the moment of its execution. In the picture 5, you can see some of these variables.

Picture.5. Pre-load variables of the data file case 5 The variables list that you can pre-load in the data file are shown next: alfa Epsilon base factor epsilon //Acceleration factor, recommended between 1.2 y 1.6 (Gauss-Seidel). //Minimal margin of error for load flow programs. //Basic power of the system in MVA. //Multiplicity factor of the system coefficients B. // Minimal margin of error for the economic dispatch programs. //Variable j like complex variable validation. //Operation fasor for the sequence networks (shorcircuit).

lambda //Initial value of the system incremental cost (for economic dispatch). j=sqrt(-1); barfa b y b1 Sw y f

fasor=-0.5+j*0.866;

//Pre-design bus faulted (shortcircuit). //Start and ending buses in the faulted line (stability). //Analysis maxim time [s] and increment time (stability). //Switch time [s] and system frequency [Hz] (stability).

Tmax y dt

SCILAB TOOLBOX FOR POWER SYSTEMS ANALYSYS Users Guide 5.

ADDITIONAL OPTIONS OF THE TOOLBOX

The analysis functions that you can execute and the flexibility in the creation and reading of the data files with the toolbox has some of the advantages that the Scilab environment offers for make additional operations. These options are:

Individual execution of the auxiliary functions: as Ybarra( ) and Zbarra( ), this functions can be execute separated in the same way that the main functions (see the numeral 3), in case the user only requires to build the admittances and/or impedances matrix for a specific system.

Visualization or execution of variables stored: if the user needs specific information of variables (arrays, vectors, internal functions) related to the package programs, the user can use the command screen visualization by only introducing the name of the variable that he/she requires.

New analysis functions or routines integration: the toolbox also allows adding new functions. The procedure is to introduce a function in Scilab (see the Scilab manual) and if this function is based on some implemented algorithm, you must add the implemented code and of course, to invoke it at the moment of execution when it is needed. If it is a new function, it can be executed as a new functions file with its respective executables codes.

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SCILAB TOOLBOX FOR POWER SYSTEMS ANALYSYS Users Guide

6. FILES SUMMARY The follow is the summary of files integrated to the toolbox: Documentation files

README (LAME) manual.pdf

Access data files

caso5 //Pre-design power system of 5 buses Functions files used by the algorithms

auxiliar.sci cargador.sci cortocircuito.sci despacho.sci estabilidad.sci flujodecarga.sci 7. RECOMMENDED BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION TO SCILAB. Scilab Group. Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique (INRIA). Manuales On-line. 2003. JIMENEZ J, Andrs. Scilab. Computacin numrica bajo Linux y Windows (PDF). Universidad de Cadiz. Espaa. 2001. MANUAL INTRODUCTORIO A SCILAB Y SCICOS. Grupo de Investigacin en Control Industrial (GICI). Escuela de Ingeniera Elctrica y Electrnica. Universidad del Valle. Cali. 2000.

MORA E, Hector Manuel. Introduccin a Scilab. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Departamento de Matemticas. Bogot. 2001.

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