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Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) inaugurated an Asia-Africa Knowledge Co-creation Program (AAKCP) in 2005, with a view to the "promotion of Asia-Africa cooperation," an initiative launched by the Government of Japan (GoJ) in the Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD) III held in 2003. The agency embarked on "Total Quality Management (TQM) for Better Hospital Services" as a sub-program of the AAKCP in March 2007. The sub-program aim to improve health services with the use of a Japanese-style quality management method, so called 5SKAIZEN-TQM. The first batch was implemented for eight counties (first group) from March 2007 to November 2008 and second batch is implemented for seven countries (second group) from March 2009 to November 2010. And more, new program for first group is implemented to enhanced 5SKAIZEN-TQM activities in target countries from September 2009 to 2010.
Outline of the AAKCP
Policy Level
Problem Solution Estimation Resources
Morocco
Senegal
Mali
Niger
Eritrea
Uganda Kenya Democratic Republic of the Congo Burundi Tanzania Malawi Madagascar
5S KAIZEN TQM
Discrepancy Consideration
Generation
Hospital Level
Implementation, penetration
Planning Problem-solving
Evaluation
5S
5S is literally five abbreviation of Japanese terms with 5 initials of S. These are (i)Seiri, (ii)Seiton, (iii) Seiso, (iv)Seiketsu, and (v) Shitsuke. Convenient translations to English, French and Swahili have similarly provided five initials of S. These are explained briefly below. (i) Sort, Sparer, Sasambua: Remove unused stuff from your venue of work; and reduce clutter (Removal organization) (ii) Set, Systmatiser, Seti: Organize everything needed in proper order for easy operation (orderliness) (iii) Shine, Salubrit, Safisha: Maintain high standard of cleanness (Cleanness) (iv) Standardize, Standardiser, Sanifisha: Set up the above three Ss as norms in every section of your place (Standardize) (v) Sustain, Se discipliner, Shikilia: Train and maintain discipline of the personnel engaged (Discipline)
KAIZEN
KAIZEN is a process of Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) by means of a non-stop process to uplift the standard of your work environment and services contents to the obtainable best condition and maintain it as userfriendly and convenient as possible. CQI has to be practiced by all categories of staff including the management team. Top management is not an exception and should participate in the process. For top management of a Project or an Institution; and for activities, including community-based health services, it is crucial to make this process a Movement or Campaign within the organization as a management target.
The stepwise approach developed in AAKCP is highly effective to improve the hospital services without huge amount of investment. The AAKCP project is to create new knowledge by collaboration of Asian and African people to improve productivity, safety, quality of hospital care through participatory framework originally developed in Japanese manufacturing industry and further applied in the hospital sector in developing world of Sri Lanka.
TQM:Definition(ISO:8402)
Management approach of an organization, centered on quality, based on the participation of all its members and aiming at long-term success through customer satisfaction, and benefits to all members of the organization and to society.