1.

CommercialsteamboatingontheHudsonRiverbeganwithRobertFulton'ssuccessfulsteamboattrip fromNewYorktoAlbanyonAugust17,1807.Thisvoyagewasthefirstofanysignificantdistancemade byasteamboat.Fultonmadethetripinthirty-twohoursandsuccessfullydemonstratedtotheworldthe possibilitiesofsteamnavigation. Immediatelyfollowingthisdemonstration,RobertFulton,withhispartnerRobertR.Livingston,started commercialsteamboatserviceontheHudsonRiverbetweenNewYorkCityandAlbany. -- excerpted from http://www.hrmm.org Whichpersonwouldmost likely havesupportedtheuseofsteamboats? A B C D atrainengineerbecausetrainsusedsteampowertoo awagondriverbecausesteamboatsarefasterthanwagons acanalbargeoperatorbecausesteamboatstraveledoncanals adeckhandbecausesteamboatswouldbeasourceofemployment

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2.

Annual Averages of Illegal Immigration SelectedPeriods Source:U.S.CensusBureau (Please note, numbers are estimates)

Assumingthatmostillegalimmigrantscometothiscountryforprimarilyeconomicreasons,whatcanyou most likelyinferfromthecharts? A B C D Mexicohastheworsteconomicconditionsintheworld. EconomicconditionsinIndiahadbeengooduntilthelast20years. IllegalimmigrationisincreasingbecauseitiseasiertosneakintotheUnitedStates. Decliningeconomicconditionsaroundtheworldhavemadepeoplemoredesperate.

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3.

Fromthelate60sintothe50sBC,JuliusCaesarformedpoliticalallianceswithtwootherRomans.Their groupdominatedRomanpoliticsforseveralyears.Theirattemptstogatherpowerforthemselveswere opposedwithintheRomanSenate.Caesar'sconquestofGaulextendedtheRomanworldtotheNorth Sea.In55BChealsoconductedthefirstRomaninvasionofBritain.Theseachievementsgrantedhim unmatchedmilitarypower.PoliticalrealignmentsinRomefinallyledtoastand-offbetweenCaesarand others.Caesarbeganacivilwarin49BCfromwhichheemergedastheunrivaledleaderoftheRoman world. Afterassumingcontrolofgovernment,hebeganextensivereformsofRomansocietyandgovernment.He centralizedthebureaucracyoftheRepublicandwaseventuallyproclaimed"dictatorinperpetuity."A groupofsenatorsassassinatedCaesarhopingtorestorethenormalrunningoftheRepublic.However,the resultwasanotherRomancivilwar.Thisultimatelyledtotheestablishmentofapermanentautocracy. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar IfJuliusCaesarhadnotbeenassassinated,whatwouldhavebeenthemost likelyeffectontheRoman Empire? A B C D Itwouldneverhavecollapsed. Itwouldnotbewellknowntoday. Itwouldhaveenjoyedamoredemocraticlife. Itwouldhavehadfewercivilwarsandmorereforms.

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4.

Lookatthestatementsbelow.Thenanswerthequestion.

Fourgroupsarehavingadebateabouttheimpactofusingnuclearpower.Whichofthefollowingismost likelyaccurate? A Scientistswouldbeagainsttheuseofnuclearpowerbecausetheydonotknowenoughabouthow touseit. B Coalminingcompanieswouldbeforusingnuclearpowerbecauseitcanbeproducedlocallyin WestVirginia. C Environmentalistswouldbeforusingnuclearpowerbecauseitdoesnotusefossilfuelsor producecarbondioxideemissions. D Residentsintheareasofthepowerplantswouldbeagainsttheuseofnuclearpowerbecauseof safetyandpropertyvalueissues.

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The following content will be used for items 5 - 7

Astudentispreparingareportonhowtransportationsystemsaffecteconomicdevelopment.She hasfoundthefollowingdocuments. Document 1

Document 2

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Document 3 TheworkontheErieCanalfinishedin1825.ThecanallinkedtheGreatLakesandtheportofNew York.ThetotalamountoffreightmovedontheErieCanalincreasedinvolumeastheyearswent by.By1845annualtonnagesurpassedonemillion.By1860,freighttotalsonthecanalhad increasedto1,896,975tonseastboundand379,000tonswestbound.NewYorkcollectedtaxeson thefreight.

Adaptedfromhttp://www.archives.nysed.gov/projects/eriecanal/essays/ec_larkin4.shtml

Document 4

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 5. Look at Document 2. Then answer the question. Thestudentfoundthedocumentconcerningtheapplicationofstandardtimezonesshownin Document 2. ThisdocumentshowsthatchangetostandardtimeinChicagohappenedbecause A thefiremenandpolicemenwantedtimethatwasconvenientforthem. B thelocalgovernmentofthecitywantedtohelpbusinessandcommerce. C thestateofIllinoischangedthehouroflamplightingtoconservefuel. D theIllinoisBoardofEducationwantedpublicschoolstohavethesameschedule. 6.Look at all of the documents. Then answer the question. Thebestreasonforgovernmenttosupportandregulateimprovedtransportationsystemsis A transportationsystemsneedtobeinexpensive. B transportationsystemspromoteeconomicgrowth. C transportationsystemsmakeiteasierforpeopletotravel. D transportationsystemscannotbedevelopedbyprivatebusiness. 7.Look at the news article on the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 in Document 4. Then answer the question. Themost likelylong-termimpactofthislawwas A thegrowthoftherailroadsystems. B thecollapseoftheminingindustry. C thedevelopmentofthetruckingindustry. D Thebeginningofthe"green"movement.

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8.

Read the passages. Then answer the question. From the Preamble to the United States Constitution: "WethePeopleoftheUnitedStates,inOrdertoformamoreperfectUnion,establishJustice,insure domesticTranquility,provideforthecommondefense,promotethegeneralWelfare,andsecurethe BlessingsofLibertytoourselvesandourPosterity,doordainandestablishthisConstitutionfortheUnited StatesofAmerica." China's Mandate From Heaven: ThepoliticalideascurrentinChina[MiddleAges]atthattimeinvolvedtheideaofthemandatefrom heaven.Itwassimilartothedivinerightinthatitplacedtherulerinadivineposition,asthelinkbetween HeavenandEarth,butitdifferedfromthedivinerightofkingsinthatitdidnotassumethatthe connectionbetweenadynastyandthestatewaspermanent.Inherentintheconceptwasthatarulerheld themandatefromheavenonlyaslongasheprovidedgoodgovernment.Ifhedidnot,heavenwould withdrawitsmandate;restoredorderwouldholdthenewmandate. --excerptedfromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purpose_of_government Themost likelyserviceforagovernmenttoprovideunderbothsystemswouldbe A B C D establishingareligionforthecitizensofthecountry. creatingmilitarypatrolsandpreventingtravelafterdark. placingpeopleinspecificjobstobesurethateveryoneworks. creatingandmaintainingpublicbuildingsandorganizations.

9. UnitedNations'datashowthat59countriesworldwidearenotproducingenoughchildrentoavoid populationdecline.JapanandEuropehavenothadasgoodanaturaleconomicgrowthastheU.S.in recentyears.Thisispartlyduetothesmallamountofpopulationgrowthinthosecountries. Summarized from article Nzherald.co.nz Business 5/4/06 Youcaninferfromthepassagethatcountriesallowimmigrationbecause A immigrationwillcauseacountrytobecomepoorerbecausetherewillnotbeenoughjobsfor everyone. B theUnitedNationscountsthenumberofbirthsanddeathsincountriesaroundtheworld. C immigrationincreasesthesizeofthepopulationandthushelpseconomicgrowth. D therearenotenoughpeopletoimmigratetocountriesthathavesmallpopulations.

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10. TheErieCanallinksthewatersofLakeErieinthewesttotheHudsonRiverintheeast.Anengineering marvelwhenitwasbuilt,somecalledittheEighthWonderoftheWorld. InordertoopenthecountrywestoftheAppalachianMountainstosettlersandtoofferacheapandsafe waytocarryproducetoamarket,theconstructionofacanalwasproposedasearlyas1768.Itwasnot until1808thatthestatelegislaturefundedasurveyforacanalthatwouldconnecttoLakeErie.Finally, onJuly4,1817,GovernorDewittClintonbrokegroundfortheconstructionofthecanal.Inthoseearly days,itwasoftensarcasticallyreferredtoas"Clinton'sBigDitch."Whenfinallycompletedon October26,1825,itwastheengineeringmarvelofitsday.Itwas4feetdeepand40feetwide,andfloated boatscarrying30tonsoffreight.Atenfootwidetowpathwasbuiltalongthebankofthecanalforhorses, mules,andoxenledbyaboyboatdriveror"hoggee."

-- excerpted from eriecanal.org Aproducemerchantin1817wouldmostlikely A B C D 11. "Geographyhasmadeusneighbors.Historyhasmadeusfriends.Economicshasmadeuspartners.And necessityhasmadeusallies.Thosewhomnaturehassojoinedtogether,letnomanputasunder." U.S.PresidentJohnF.Kennedy -aboutCanada Accordingtothequoteabove,PresidentKennedy A B C D developsalogicalargumentwhyCanadaandtheUnitedStatesshouldcontinuetocooperate. developsalogicalargumentwhyCanadaandtheUnitedStatesshouldcontinuetobeneighbors. developsalogicalargumentwhyCanadaandtheUnitedStatesshouldjoinasonecountry. developsalogicalargumentwhyCanadaandtheUnitedStatesshouldfightwarstogether. supportthebuildingoftheErieCanal. protestthebuildingoftheErieCanal. sellproducetobuildersoftheErieCanal. becomeaboatdriver.

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12. Look at the following charts. Then answer the question. PresidentTrumandecidedtodropatomicbombsonthecitiesofHiroshimaandNagasakiinAugustof 1945.TheJapaneseformallysurrenderedonSeptember2,1945,onthedeckoftheBattleshipMissouri. ThefirstchartshowsthecostsofWorldWarIIfortheUnitedStates:

ThesecondchartshowsthetotalnumberofUnitedStatessoldierswhodiedinWorldWarII:

Youareareporterforanewspaper,researchingastoryontheuseofatomicweaponsduringWorldWar II. Afterreadingtheinformationonthecharts,youdecidethatthemost likelyreasonfordroppingatomic bombsonJapanduringWorldWarIIwasthat A Japanwouldlikelyhavewonthewarifwehadnotdroppedthebombs. B theUnitedStateswaslosingbothmoneyandlivesinWorldWarII,andthebombofferedaway tobringaquickendtotheconflict. C theUnitedStateswasrunningoutofmoneyandneededtobringanendtothewar. D theUnitedStateswassufferingheavycasualitiesinallareas,sothebombactuallysavedlives. 13. Usealldocumentstoanswerthequestion. Page 10 of 25
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 United States Immigration Table

Based on information from the U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States. 2003.

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Based on information from the U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States. 2003.

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Whatconclusionisbest supportedbythesedocuments? A ImmigrantsneedjobsmorethanAmericansdobecausetheycometotheUnitedStatesduring periodsofeconomichardshipsintheircountries. B ImmigrantshavehelpedbuildourcountryeconomicallyandmostAmericansfavorcontinued immigrationwithlimits. C ImmigrantswhocametotheUnitedStateswerefarmerswhowantedtocontinuefarmingwhenin thiscountry. D ImmigrantstotheUnitedStateswerefleeingpoliticaloppressionandsowantedtoinfluence politicsintheU.S. 14. Read the following passages. Then answer the question. 1957--MartinLutherKing,CharlesK.Steele,andFred.L.ShuttlesworthestablishedtheSouthern ChristianLeadershipConference,ofwhichKingwasmadethefirstpresident.TheSCLCbecameamajor forceinorganizingthecivilrightsmovementandbaseditsprinciplesonnonviolenceandcivil disobedience.AccordingtoKing,itwasessentialthatthecivlrightsmovementnotsinktothelevelofthe racistsandhatemongerswhoopposedthem:"Wemustforeverconductourstruggleonthehighplaneof dignityanddisciple,"heurged. 1964--PresidentJohnsonsignedtheCivilRightsActof1964.Themostsweepingcivilrights legislationsinceReconstruction,theCivilRightsActprohibitsdiscriminationofallkindsbasedonrace, color,religion,ornationalorigin.Thelawalsoprovidesthefederalgovernmentwiththepowersto enforcedesegregation. Themost likelyreasontheSouthernChristianLeadershipConferenceremainednon-violentwasthat A B C D theydidnothaveenoughsupporterstophysicallyfightthosewhoopposedthem. theywantedtoshowbyexamplethattheircausewasjustandhonorable. theydidnotwanttogotojailorbreakthelaw. theydidnothaveaccesstoanyweapons. Page 13 of 25
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 15. Read the passages. Then answer the question. Thestateofnatureisastateoffreedom.Itisnotastatewheremancandowhateverhewants.Thestateof naturehasalawofnaturetogovernit.Everyoneissubjecttothatlaw.Ourabilitytoreasonispartofthat law.Weareallequalandindependent,butwedonothavetherighttohurtothersortohurttheirlife, health,libertyorbelongings. --AdaptedfromJohnLocke ...Theotherandbetterwayistosendcoloniestooneortwoplaces.Aprincedoesnotspendmuchon colonies....Thesecoloniesarenotcostly.Theyaremorefaithful,theyinjurelessthanone'sowncountry, andtheinjured,ashasbeensaid,beingpoorandscattered,cannothurt.Onehastosaythatmenshouldbe welltreatedorcrushed.Theycanavengethemselvesoflighterinjuriesbuttheycan'tavengethemselvesof moreseriousones.Ifyouinjureamanbesureyoudosoinawaythathecannothaverevenge. --AdaptedfromNicoloMachiavelli Themost likelyconclusiontodrawisthat A B C D 16. Lookatthefollowingcharts.Thenanswerthequestion. PresidentTrumandecidedtodropatombombsonthecitiesofHiroshimaandNagasakiinAugustof 1945.TheJapaneseformallysurrenderedonSeptember2,1945,onthedeckoftheBattleshipMissouri. thefoundingfathers'beliefsweresimilartoLocke'sbeliefs. KingGeorgeIIIdisagreedwiththeideasofMachiavelli. theAmericancolonieswerepoorandscatteredapart. astateofnatureisnotagoodbasisforgovernment.

Adapted from UNITED STATES BUDGET EXPENDITURES, JULY 1, 1940-AUG.31, 1945 John R. Elting Page 14 of 25
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Colonel, United States Army United States Military Academy http://gi.grolier.com/wwii/wwii_16.html#DATA

Source: Defense Manpower Data Center, Statistical Information Analysis Division, [http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/ CASUALTY/WCPRINCIPAL.pdf]. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdefendsPresidentTruman'sdecisiontousetheatomicbomb? A B C D TheJapaneseprobablywouldhavesurrenderedanyway. UsingatomicbombsagainstJapandemonstratedthepoweroftheAllies. MoreJapanesewouldhavediedifatomicbombshadnotbeendroppedonJapan. ThecostsofthewarfortheU.S.wouldhavebeenmuchhigherwithoutitsuseofatomicbombs.

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The following content will be used for items 17 - 20

Document 1 EgyptiankingsintheOldKingdomarebestknownforthehugestructurestheybuilt.Theselarge stonebuildingswerecalledpyramids.Theyservedashousesortombsforthedeadkings.Inorder tobuildpyramidstheEgyptiansneededtolearnthespecializedskillsofmathematics,geometry, engineering,andarchitecture.

Document 2 ManyinventionsweremadeduringtheHandynastyofChinawhichcontributedtoitscultureand ledtotradewithothercivilizations.Chinainventedporcelain,paper,inkandgunpowder(which wasusedinfireworks).ChinatradedthesegoodsalongatraderoutetheydevelopedcalledtheSilk Road.ThishelpedtocreatewealthandprosperityinChina.TradealongtheSilkRoadledto culturaldiffusion (thespreadofideasandinventionsamongstpeoples).Culturaldiffusionledto greatprogressforChinaandothercivilizations.Ideasandinventionsspread.Thisledtoadvances inmanysocietiesthroughouttheworld.

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 Document 3 In1754B.C.,HammurabiconqueredandunitedallthecitiesofMesopotamiaunderhisrule. Althoughhewasabrutalwarrior,hisgreatestachievementwashiscodeoflaws,whichhehad engravedonatoweringstonemonument.Hammurabi'sCodewasnotthefirst,butitwasthemost completesetoflawsthathassurvived.Itisimportantbecauseitcreatedasetofrulesthathelpedto governacivilizationwhiletryingtoprotectpeopleeveniftheyhadlittlepoliticalpower.Itcalled fordifferentpunishmentsbasedontheclassofthelawbreakerandthevictimofthecrime.Inthe Code,punishmentsoftenfitthecrimebydemandingan"eyeforandeye"ora"toothforatooth." Thefollowingarethreeofthe282lawsintheCodeofHammurabi: 229.Ifabuilderbuildahouseforsomeone,anddoesnotconstructitproperly,andthehousewhich hebuiltfallinandkillitsowner,thenthatbuildershallbeputtodeath. 230.Ifitkillthesonoftheownerthesonofthatbuildershallbeputtodeath. 231.Ifitkillaslaveoftheowner,thenheshallpayslaveforslavetotheownerofthehouse. -yourhistorysite.com Document 4 InChina,Confuciuswrotedownhisphilosophywhichexplainedhowpeopleshouldlivetheirlives. Confucianismteachesthateachpersonshouldaccepthisorherroleinsociety.Confucianism becamethebasisfororderandrespectandwascentralingoverningChina.Therelationshipsand teachingsofConfuciuswerestudiedfor"civilservice"exams.ThoseexamsweretakenbyChinese citizensinhopesofscoringwellandgettingagoodpayingjobintheChinesegovernment. CentraltoConfucius'teachingarerelationshipsandsocialroles.Therearefivegreatrelationships: 1.Kindnessinthefatherandobedienceintheson 2.Kindnessintheolderbrotherandrespectbytheyoungerbrother 3.Goodbehaviorbythehusbandandrespectbythewife 4.Gentlerespectbyseniorsandadmirationandrespectforthembyyoungpeople 5.Generositybyrulersandloyaltytotherulerbytheirsubjects Iftheseattitudesarepracticedtherewillbeharmonyamongall. Page 17 of 25
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 -yourhistorysite.com 17. Read Document 4. Then answer the question. YouarehavingadebatewithaChinesefriendofyours.HeclaimsthatConfucianismisasuperior philosophybecauseitbringsabouthonorandrespectinitscitizens.The bestwaytopointpotential weaknessesinConfucianismisbysayingthat A Confucianismteachesobedience,whichcanweakenagovernmentorsociety. B honoringone'seldersmeansthattheyholdmostofthepower,whichisnotusuallyagood thing. C peoplewhohonorandrespectotherstoomucharegenerallyweakthemselves,sothe governmentisweakaswell. D someoftheleadersmaypretendtoberespectfultogetahigh-payingcivilservicejob,then changewhentheyhavethejob. 18. Read Document 3.Then answer the question. Whatwouldmost likelybetheattitudeofpeoplelivingunderHammurabi'srule? A Theywouldacceptthatpeoplewhocommittedwrongswouldbepunishedandwouldsuffer theconsequences. B Theywouldnotlikeitbecausepeoplewouldbeheldaccountableforthingstheycouldnot control,likeaccidents. C Theywouldlikeitbecauseitwouldmaintainpeace.Peopleknewthatiftheywereviolent, violencewouldbedonetothem. D Theywouldlikeitbecauseifsomeonedidnotrepairahouse,thatpersonwouldsufferthe consequences. 19. Study the text and map in Document 2. Then answer the question. Themost likelyevaluationthatcanbemadeaboutthelivesofpeopleinRomewasthat A Romansexperiencedagreatdealofculturaldiffusion,migration,andtrade. B RomansmigratedtoplaceslikeBukharaandSamarkandbecausetheywereonthetrade route. C RomansbegantoeatChinesefoodthattheylearnedtomakeduringtheirtripsalongtheSilk Road. D Romansadaptedtheproductsandknowledgetheyreceived.

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 20. Use the information from all documents to answer the question. Thesedocumentsmost likelyshowthat A whilesomecivilizationshavegoodcontributionstomake,thecontributionsdonotlastover time. B thecontributionsofthepastdonotaffectustodaybecausewehavenewtechnologyandnew waysofdoingthings. C pastcivilizationscontributedmanyproducts,ideasandphilosophiesthathavesurvivedeven afterthecivilizationsthemselveshavefallen. D thecontributionsofpastcivilizationswerethereasonsfortheirdownfall,becauseinsharing theirknowledgewithothers,theymadethemselveslesspowerful.

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21. Study these charts. Then answer the question.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regions_by_past_GDP_(PPP),1998

Themost likelyinferencewecandrawfromthechartsis A illegalimmigrationcomesprimarilyfromChina,JapanandGermanybecauseonlytherichhave jobs. B illegalimmigrationcomesfromAfrica,EasternEuropeandMexicobecausetheyarepoor countries. C illegalimmigrationtotheUnitedStatesismostlybecausepeoplewanttoliveindemocracies. D illegalimmigrationhasrisenintheUnitedStatesbecausethepopulationoftheworldcontinuesto increase.

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22. Read the following. Then answer the question. Canadian Citizens' Rights and Responsibilities Rights and Freedoms Somerightsandfreedomsare legalrights; equalityrights; mobilityrights; freedomofthought; freedomofspeech; freedomofreligion;and therighttopeacefulassembly.

Responsibilities Someresponsibilitiesare toobeyCanada'slaws; toexpressopinionsfreelywhilerespectingtherightsandfreedomsofothers; tohelpothersinthecommunity; tocareforandprotecttheheritageandenvironment;and toeliminatediscriminationandinjustice.

United States Citizens' Rights & Responsibilities CitizensoftheUnitedStates,itisclear,haveagreatmanyrightsthatgivethemfreedomsallpeopleshold dear:thefreedomtothinkwhattheylike;tovoicethoseopinions,individuallytotheirelected representativesorcollectivelyinsmallorlargeassemblies;toworshipastheychooseornottoworshipat all;andtobesafefromunreasonablesearchesoftheirpersons,theirhomes,ortheirprivatepapers. However,thetheoryofdemocraticgovernmentholdsthatalongwiththeserightscomeresponsibilities:to obeythelaws;topaylegallyimposedtaxes;toserveonjurieswhencalledtodoso;tobeinformedabout issuesandcandidates;andtoexercisetherighttovotethathasbeenwonforsomanythroughthetoiland tearsoftheirpredecessors.
-- Excerptedfromwww.countrystudies.us

WhichofthefollowingisthebestconclusionconcerningtherightsandresponsibilitiesofCanadianand U.S.citizens? A TherightsandresponsibilitiesofcitizensintheU.S.andCanadaareverydifferentfromone another. B TherightsandresponsibilitiesofcitizensintheU.S.andCanadaareverysimilartooneanother. C TherightsandresponsibilitiesofcitizensintheU.S.andCanadaareexactlythesame. D ThecitizensofCanadahavemanymoreresponsibilitiesthancitizensoftheUnitedStates. Page 21 of 25

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 23. Malcolm X "Itdoesn'tmeanthatIadvocateviolence,butatthesametime,Iamnotagainstusingviolenceinselfdefense.Idon'tcallitviolencewhenit'sself-defense;Icallitintelligence." Martin Luther King, Jr. "Isubmitthatanindividualwhobreaksalawthatconsciencetellshimisunjust,andwhowillingly acceptsthepenaltyofimprisonmentinordertoarousetheconscienceofthecommunityoveritsinjustice, isinrealityexpressingthehighestrespectforthelaw." ThepersonmostlikelytosupportthephilosophyofMalcolmXandMartinLutherKing,Jr.wouldbe A B C D acivilrightsleaderintheUnitedStates. abusinessownervictimizedbygangs. apoliceofficerwhosupportscivilrights. apoliticalprisonerinamilitaristicdictatorship.

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24. Look at the map and read the passage. Then answer the question.

Trade Relations TheCanada-UnitedStatestraderelationshipisthelargestevertoexistbetweentwonations.Two-way tradeingoodsandservicesbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStatesduring2000wasestimatedat approximately$1billionperday.OfCanada'simports,74percentcamefromtheUnitedStates,while86 percentofCanada'stotalexportswereshippedtotheUnitedStates. ThemajorreasonwhytheUnitedStatesandCanadaaresuchgoodtradepartnersisthat A theUnitedStatesownsAlaska,sotheycoulduseAlaskaasamajortradingpartnerwithCanada. B CanadaandtheUnitedStateshavethesamemajorindustries,soitmakessenseforthemtotrade. C CanadaandtheUnitedStatesshareaborderandmanywaterwaysextendfromtheUnitedStates toCanada,makingtradeeasier. D CanadaandtheUnitedStatessharemanysocialandculturaltraditions.Sincethepeopleare similar,thetwoshouldbetradepartners.

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25. LookattheFirstAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution.Thenanswerthequestion. Amendment I "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." Whichpurposeofgovernmentisbestjustifiedbythisamendment? A B C D toprovideeconomicsecurity toprotectindividualrights NotthetopicoftheFirstAmendment. toestablishareligionforourcountry

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26.

In1846apotatofamineinIrelandgreatlyincreasedtheflowofIrishimmigrantstotheUnitedStates.An estimated4.4millionIrishleftIreland,andmanyofthosewhodidnotleavedied. ThefollowingdocumentisfromA History of Lewis County, West Virginia,byEdwardConradSmith.

Whichofthefollowingpurposesofgovernmentwouldmostlikelybesupportedbythispopulation? A B C D providingeconomicsecurity promotingstates'rights protectingcitizens'rights regulatingbusiness

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