HSDPA Technology Training - Slides

High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) November 2005 1
High Speed Downlink Packet Access

(HSDPA)
Reiner Stuhlfauth
Training Centre, Rohde & Schwarz
Motivation:
Release 99 Capabilities for Downlink Packet Data
Focus of HSDPA
Motivation
Release 99 Capabilities for Downlink Packet Data
WCDMA release 99 supports:
Quality of service
Multimedia services
Peak data rates of up to (theoretically) 2 Mbps
10 ms frame size
Packet data transmission via
Dedicated channels
RACH/FACH channels
Downlink shared channel (DSCH)
Not
implemented
in products
Only for small
packets
Limited
efficiency
Motivation
Release 99 Functional Split
Drift
RNC
Serving
RNC
MSC
SGSN
RNC = Radio Network Controller
SGSN = Serving GPRS Support Node
MSC = Mobile Switching Center
Iub
Iur
Iu
Fast power control
Overload control
Admission control
Initial power and SIR setting
Radio resource reservation
Air interface scheduling for common channels
Downlink code allocation
Overload control
Mapping RAB QoS parameters into air interface
Air interface scheduling for dedicated channels
Handover control
Outer loop power control and power balancing
Radio network topology
hidden to core network
Motivation
Focus of HSDPA
HSDPA is a 3GPP release 5 feature for UMTS FDD/TDD.
Main focus: Enhancements for downlink packet data
BackgroundServices
email delivery, file download, telematics
Interactive Services
web browsing, data base retrieval, server access
Streaming Services
audio/video streaming
Mobility: 0-30 km/h (pedestrian low speed vehicular)
Motivation
Reduced Costs and Higher Revenue
Attract new subscribers
due to new services
Decreased costs per bit
for the operator
Downlink peak
data rates
up to 14 Mbit/s
Increased cell and
user throughput
Reduced delay
Technology Overview:
Key Features
Impact on Radio Access Network Architecture
Principle
Channel Structure
Technology Overview
Key Features of HSDPA (I)
Shared Channel transmission:
Channelization codes and transmission power in a cell
are dynamically shared between users.
A new transport channel High Speed Downlink Shared
Channel (HS-DSCH) is introduced.
Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC):
Adaptation of transmission parameters to radio
conditions and terminal capability
Modulation schemes:
16-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation): UE capability
QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying): mandatory for UE
HSDPA modulation, QPSK + 16 QAM
Quadratur Phase Shift Keying
Q
t
I
Q
Quadratur
component
Inphase
component
Q(t)
I(t)
I
t
Q
I
16-QAM
16 Quadratur Amplitude Modulation
1 modulation symbol = 2 bits
1 modulation symbol = 4 bits
Technology Overview
Key Features of HSDPA (II)
Hybrid automatic-repeat-request (HARQ)
Improving robustness against link adaptation errors
UE rapidly requests retransmissions of erroneously receveived data
UE can combine information from the original transmission with that of
later retransmissions (Soft Combining)
Fast scheduling in the Node B instead of RNC
Moving scheduling and processing of retransmissions closer to air
interface
New MAC-hs (Medium Access Control high speed) protocol entity in
the Node B
Short transmission time interval of 2ms
Accelerating packet scheduling for transmission
HSDPA: Capacity aspects
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
N
S
T B C 1 log2
Capacity aspects:
How does HSDPA increase the capacity per user?
1.) Possibility of code combination
2.) Introduction of 16-QAM modulation scheme
3.) Permission of link adaption -> dynamic channel coding
Technology Overview
Impact on Radio Access Network Architecture
Core Network
Radio Network Controller (RNC)
Node B:
Scheduling, Adaptive
modulation/coding, HARQ
Node B:
Scheduling, Adaptive
modulation/coding, HARQ
UTRAN
UE
Technology Overview
Principle
Node B:
H
S
-
D
P
C
C
H
:
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
(
C
Q
I
)
P
a
c
k
e
t
A
C
K
/
N
A
C
K
HS-(P)DSCH User Data
HS-SCCH Scheduling Information
Generation of
Scheduling Information
for the User Data
based on User Feedback
H
S
-
D
P
C
C
H
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
(
C
Q
I
)
P
a
c
k
e
t
A
C
K
/
N
A
C
K
UE1
UE2
High Speed
Shared Control
Channel
High Speed Dedicated
Physical Control Channel
High Speed
(Physical) Downlink
Shared Channel
Technology Overview
Channel Structure
The HS-DSCH is associated with one downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH), and one or several
High Speed Shared Control Channels (HS-SCCH).
The number of HS-SCCHs in a HS-SCCH set as seen from the UE can range from a minimum of 1 to a
maximum of 4 HS-SCCHs.
Downlink DPCH (R99)
Node B UE
HS-DPCCH
Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH) #1
HS-DSCH
Uplink DPCH (R99)
ACK/NACK
Quality indication
Data
Transport Format /
Resource Indicator
HARQ Information
New Physical and Transport Channels
HS-(P)DSCH
High Speed (Physical) Downlink Shared Channel
HSDPA: subframe structure
Radio Frame
10 ms
38400 chips
at a chip rate of 3.84 MChips/s
....
666,6 As
2560 chips
at chip rate of 3.84 MChips/s
....
Slot #0
Slot #14
HSDPA subframe = 3 slots
2 ms total time
HSDPA subframe versus Rel-99 frame structure
Structure of Downlink HS-PDSCH
Spreading Factor 16
Assignment of multiple channelization codes to one UE possible
Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2
Tslot =2560 chips
320 bits for QPSK, 640 bits for 16QAM
1 subframe of 3 slots: 2 ms
HS-DSCH transport channel
with user data
HS-DSCH:
transport channel
HS-PDSCH:
physical channel
HS-PDSCH Code Allocation
SF=
1
SF=
2
SF=
4
SF=
8
SF=
16
SF=
32
SF=
64
SF=
128
SF=
256
2,0
2,1
4,0
8,0
16,0
32,0
64,0
128,0
256,1
256,3
256,4
256,5
256,6
256,7
256,8
256,9
256,10
256,11
256,12
256,13
256,14
256,15
16,15
16,1
16,2
16,3
16,4
16,5
16,6
16,7
16,8
16,9
16,10
16,11
16,12
16,13
16,14
8,1
8,2
8,3
8,4
8,5
8,6
8,7
4,1
4,2
4,3 256,249
256,250
256,251
256,252
256,253
256,254
256,255
256,248
1,0
32,1
32,31
64,1
64,2
64,3
64,62
64,63
128,126
128,127
256,2
128,125
128,124
128,1
128,2
128,3
128,4
128,5
128,6
128,7
32,30
:
:
256,0
All possible HS-PDSCH codes
Possible HS-SCCH codes (example)
CPICH
P-CCPCH
blocked
HS-DSCH Coding Chain
CRC attachment to
each transport block
Code block segmentation
Channel Coding
Physical Layer Hybrid-ARQ
functionality
Bit Scrambling
PhCH#1 PhCH#P
Physical channel mapping
HS-DSCH Interleaving
Physical channel
segmentation
Constellation Re-
arrangement for
16QAM
Data arrives to the coding unit in form of a maximum of
one transport block once every transmission time interval.
Turbo Coding Rate 1/3
Constellation Rearrangement
b=0 b=1
b=2
b=3
HS-DSCH Coding Chain: Example
Example: Coding rate for Fixed reference Channel H-Set 1 (QPSK)
acc. to 3GPP TS 25.101:
Equivalent to nom. average information bit rate
of 534 kbps (=3202 bits / 3 (Inter TTI) / 2ms)
CRC length = 24 bits for HS-DSCH
Code Rate = 0,67
(= 3202 information bits / 4800 binary channel bits per TTI)
5 HS-PDSCHs
Rate matching to number of Soft
Channel Bits available for this
HARQ process (9600 bits)
Inf. Bit Payload
CRC Addition
Turbo-Encoding
(R=1/3)
3202
Code Block
Segmentation
1st Rate Matching
9600
Tail Bits
12 9678
3226
CRC 24 3202
Redundancy Version
Selection
4800
Physical Channel
Segmentation
960
HS-SCCH
High Speed Shared Control Channel (Downlink)
HS-SCCH Usage
HS-DSCH
I would like to receive data
but I dont know where my
HS-DSCH resources are and
how they look like.
?
HS-SCCH
Read the 1st HS-SCCH slot
for HS-DSCH
channelization codes, UE-
identity and modulation
scheme.
Then, the 2nd and 3rd HS-SCCH
slot will tell you about
Transport block size information,
Hybrid-ARQ process information,
Redundancy/constellation version,
New data indicator.
Structure of Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)
The HS-SCCH is a fixed rate (60 kbps, SF=128) downlink physical channel
used to carry downlink signalling related to HS-DSCH transmission
Tslot = 2560 chips
Data = 40 bits
1 subframe
= 2 ms
Timing Relation between HS-SCCH and HS-PDSCH
Start of HS-SCCH subframe #0 is aligned with start of P-CCPCH frames.
The HS-PDSCH starts
t
HS-PDSCH
= 2Tslot = 5120 chips
after the start of the HS-SCCH.
H HS S- -S SC CC CH H
H HS S- -P PD DS SC CH H
3T
slot
= 7680 chips
3T
slot
7680 chips
HS-DSCHsub-frame
E
HS-PDSCH
(2*T
slot
= 5120 chips)
HS-SCCH Contents
Channelization Code Set information (7 bits)
Modulation scheme information (1 bit)
Transport block size information (6 bits)
Hybrid-ARQ process information (3 bits)
Redundancy and constellation version (3 bits)
New data indicator (1 bit)
UE identity (16 bits) = H-RNTI
HS-SCCH: Signalling of HS-PDSCH Code Allocation
C
l
u
s
t
e
r
c
o
d
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
(
3
b
i
t
s
)
Tree offset indicator (4 bits)
0 (1/15)
1 (2/14)
2 (3/13)
3 (4/12)
4 (5/11)
5 (6/10)
6 (7/9)
7 (8/8)
0 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
P
O
Decoding notation
Number of
multi-codes
Offset from
left/right in code
tree (SF=16)
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
1
2
2
2
3
2
4
2
5
2
6
2
7
2
1
3
2
3
3
3
4
3
5
3
6
3
7
3
1
4
2
4
3
4
4
4
5
4
6
4
7
4
1
5
2
5
3
5
4
5
5
5
6
5
7
5
1
6
2
6
3
6
4
6
5
6
6
6
7
6
1
7
2
7
3
7
4
7
5
7
6
7
7
7
1
8
2
8
3
8
4
8
5
8
6
8
7
8
7
9
8
8
1
9
2
9
3
9
4
9
5
9
6
9
6
10
9
7
8
7
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
5
11
10
6
9
6
8
6
1
11
2
11
3
11
4
11
4
12
11
5
10
5
9
5
8
5
1
12
2
12
3
12
3
13
12
4
11
4
10
4
9
4
8
4
1
13
2
13
2
14
13
3
12
3
11
3
10
3
9
3
8
3
1
14
1
15
14
2
13
2
12
2
11
2
10
2
9
2
8
2
15
1
14
1
13
1
12
1
11
1
10
1
9
1
8
1
Redundant area
SF=16
Code 0 is
reserved for
common
channels
Code offset
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
P=5
O=7
code group indicator:
x
ccs,1
, x
ccs,2
, x
ccs,3
= min(P-1,15-P)
code offset indicator:
x
ccs,4
, x
ccs,5
, x
ccs,6
, x
ccs,7
= |O-1-P/8 *15|
A cluster of codes
can be allocated to a UE:
C
ch,16,O
C
ch,16, O+P-1
Signalled on HS-SCCH ->
HS-SCCH: Signalling of Transport Block Size
.. .. .. .. .. ..
6554 173 1430 88 161 3
6438 172 1405 87 149 2
6324 171 1380 86 137 1
TB Size Index TB Size Index TB Size Index
The Transport Block Size used on HS-DSCH is not signalled explicitly on HS-SCCH
Instead, a Transport Block Size Index ki is signalled which indicates the transport block size:
4
79 4 3
63 3 2
40 2 1
1 1 QPSK 0
Number of
channelization
codes
Modulation
scheme
Combination i
i
k
, 0
Table according to 3GPP TS 25.321, extract from QPSK section
First step:
Modulation scheme and number of
channelization codes as signalled
on HS-SCCH determine value k0,i
Second step:
Index kt = ki + k0,i determines
HS-DSCH transport block size
Table according to 3GPP TS 25.321, 254 entries in total
kt = ki + k0,i
HS-SCCH: Signalling of Transport Block Size
Transportation Block Size
Minimum
137 bits
Maximum
25558 bits
Possible transportation block
Sizes complying with
the modulation scheme and number of
HS-PDSCHs
Begin depends on
Parameters: Modulation
scheme and number of HS-
PDSCHs
HS-SCCH Coding Chain
Channel
Coding 1
Rate
matching 1
mux mux
Channel
Coding 2
Rate
matching 2
RV
coding
UE specific
CRC
Attachment
UE specific
masking
Physical
Channel
Mapping
HS-SCCH
r s b
Channelization
Code Set
Modulation
Scheme
Transport Block
Size Information
HARQ Process
Information
Redundancy and
Constellation Version
New Data Indicator
UE Identity
UE Identity
HS-DPCCH
High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (Uplink)
HS-DPCCH Usage ACK/NACK
HS-DSCH
All the HS-DSCH data I
receive is incorrect!
Send me a NACK, maybe
I can do something for
you and send the same
packet again.
Maybe I will even send you a
new redundancy version.
This could increase the
probability that you can
decode the data.
HS-DPCCH:
NACK
HS-DPCCH Usage CQI
HS-DSCH
I have to deliver regular
reports about the channel
quality I experience but I
have to do a lot of
calculations for this.
These reports really help me
in deciding who gets the
next data packet and how I
have to format it.
HS-DPCCH:
CQI (Channel Quality Indication)
Structure of Uplink HS-DPCCH
Subframe #0 Subframe #i
Subframe #4
HARQ-ACK CQI= Channel Quality Information
One radio frame T
f
= 10 ms
One HS-DPCCH subframe (2 ms)
2T
slot
= 5120 chips
T
slot
= 2560 chips
The spreading factor of the HS-DPCCH is 256 (10 bits per uplink slot)
The HS-DPCCH can only exist together with an UL DPCCH (Ded. Phys. Control Channel).
The DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel), the DPCCH and the HS-DPCCH are I/Q
code multiplexed.
Channel Coding for HS-DPCCH
Physical channel
mapping
Channel Coding
Channel coding
PhCH
HARQ-ACK CQI
PhCH
Physical channel
mapping
Channel Coding for HARQ ACK
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NACK
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ACK
w
9
w
8
w
7
w
6
w
5
w
4
w
3
w
2
w
1
w
0
HARQ-ACK
message to
be
transmitted
Channel Coding for CQI
Channel Coding for CQI is using a (20,5) code
Code words of the (20,5) code are a linear combination
of the 5 basis sequences denoted Mi,n
Channel quality information bits are converted to binary
representation: a0, a1, a2, a3, a4
Output bits b
i
are then given by:
i = 019
1 0 0 0 0 19
1 0 0 0 0 18
1 0 0 0 0 17
1 0 0 0 0 16
1 0 0 0 0 15
1 1 1 1 1 14
1 1 1 1 0 13
1 1 1 0 1 12
1 1 1 0 0 11
1 1 0 1 1 10
1 1 0 1 0 9
1 1 0 0 1 8
1 1 0 0 0 7
1 0 1 1 1 6
1 0 1 1 0 5
1 0 1 0 1 4
1 0 1 0 0 3
1 0 0 1 1 2
1 0 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 0
M
i,4
M
i,3
M
i,2
M
i,1
M
i,0
i
2 mod ) (
,
4
0
M a b
n i
n
n i
=
=
CQI encoding with (20,5) code
SIR
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
high
low
high low
1CQI
n
1CQI
n-1
1CQI
n-2
1CQI
n+2
1CQI
n+1
Prevailing conditions of SIR
Optimum
throughput if the UE
reports CQI
n
SIR changes, CQI reporting must follow!
If misunderstanding
of CQI leeds to
usage of CQI close
to optimum, impact
is not too serious
If misunderstanding
of CQI leeds to
usage of CQI remote
to optimum, impact
is serious-> data rate
slumps down
CQI is using (20,5) code to reduce mean BER, like e.g. Gray encoding
Spreading for Uplink DPCCH, DPDCHs and HS-DPCCH
I
E
j
c
d,1 |
d
S
dpch,n
I+jQ
DPDCH
1
Q
c
d,3 |
d
DPDCH
3
c
d,5 |
d
DPDCH
5
c
d,2 |
d
DPDCH
2
c
d,4 |
d
c
c |
c
DPCCH
E
S
c
hs
HS-DPCCH
DPDCH
4
c
hs
HS-DPCCH
|
hs
|
hs
c
d,6 |
d
DPDCH
6
Scrambling
HS-DPCCH
maximum number of
DPDCH is even
maximum number of
DPDCH is odd
Spreading for UL HS-DPCCH
I
j
I+jQ
Q
S
hs-dpcch
c
hs
HS-DPCCH
(If N
max-dpdch
= 0, 1, 3, 5)
HS-DPCCH
(If N
max-dpdch
=
2, 4 or 6)
|
hs
|
hs
c
hs
5/15 0
6/15 1
8/15 2
9/15 3
12/15 4
15/15 5
19/15 6
24/15 7
30/15 8
Signalling values for
A
ACK
, A
NACK
and A
CQI
Gain Factors for UL HS-DPCCH
Power offset A
HS-DPCCH
for each HS-DPCCH slot
A
HS-DPCCH
= A
ACK
for slots carrying ACK
A
HS-DPCCH
= A
NACK
for slots carrying NACK
A
HS-DPCCH
= A
CQI
for slots carrying CQI
Gain factor |
hs
defined as
Signalled by higher layers
(values 08)
|
.
|
\
|
A

=
20
10
DPCCH HS
c hs
| |
Quantized amplitude
ratios for
|
.
|
\
| A

20
10
DPCCH HS
Timing Relations for UL HS-DPCCH
m = (TTX_diff /256 ) + 101
TTX_diff is the difference in chips (TTX_diff =0, 256, ....., 38144) between the transmit timing of the
start of the related HS-PDSCH and the transmit timing of the start of the related downlink DPCH frame
m therefore takes one of a set of five possible values according to the 5 possible transmission timings
of HS-DSCH sub-frame relative to the DPCH frame boundary.
Uplink
DPCH
H HS S- -P PD DS SC CH H
a at t U UE E
U Up pl li in nk k
H HS S- -D DP PC CC CH H
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #2 Slot #3 Slot #4 Slot #5 Slot #6 Slot #7 Slot #8 Slot #9 Slot #10 Slot #11 Slot #12
E
UEP
M19200 chips = 7,5 slots
m*256 chips
Tslot = 2560 chips
3 * Tslot = 7680 chips
Round Trip Timing
HS-SCCH Retransmit
HS-PDSCH Retransmit
A/N CQI
18 slots = 12 ms
3 slots 2 slots
2 slots
Minimum retransmission delay = 12 ms
2* Tprop + 15.5 slots
A
A = Processing times in L1 and MAC-hs
More Timing Relations
k:th
S-CCPCH
AICH access
slots
Secondary
SCH
Primary
SCH
t
S-CCPCH,k
10 ms
t
PICH
#0 #1 #2 #3 #14 #13 #12 #11 #10 #9 #8 #7 #6 #5 #4
Radio framewith(SFN modulo 2) = 0 Radio framewith(SFN modulo 2) = 1
t
DPCH,n
P-CCPCH
Any CPICH
PICH for k:th
S-CCPCH
n:th DPCH
10 ms
Subframe
#0
HS-SCCH
Subframes
Subframe
#1
Subframe
#2
Subframe
#3
Subframe
#4
Why this timing?
Timing T
DPCH
of each DPCH usage
t
+1
-1
T 2T
x
1
(t) = d
1
(t ) * c
1
(t)
t
+1
-1
T 2T
x(t) = x
1
(t) + x
2
(t)
t
+1
-1
T 2T
+2
-2
x
2
(t) = d
2
(t ) * c
2
(t)
Sum
0 -> +1
1 -> -1
Spreaded signals are added in a multi-user scenario,
e.g. downlink signal from node B.
This will engender an impact on the amplitude of
the sum signal.
Problem:
If the input signal from each user DPCH will
have the same content, like it is in the period
of e.g. the Pilot bits -> The Crest Factor will
rise!
Solution:
Node B will set a timing T
DPCH
for each
Downlink DPCH individually to randomize the signal behaviour
DL DPCH Timing Offset
P-CCPCH
DL-DPCH
HS-SCCH
HS-PDSCH
UE timing
2slots
T_dpch_offset
1 Radio Frame = 10 ms
Propagation Delay
DL-DPCH
T_txdiff
HS-PDSCH
UL-DPCH
HS-DPCCH
T_dl_ul_offset = 1024 chips
T_UlDpch-HsDpcch = (T_txdiff + 101)*256 chips
Propagation Delay
7.5 slots
DPCH offset 21
alignment of
UL DPCH and
HS-DPCCH
P-CCPCH
DL-DPCH
HS-SCCH
HS-PDSCH
UE timing
2slots
T_dpch_offset
Propagation Delay
DL-DPCH
T_txdiff
HS-PDSCH
UL-DPCH
HS-DPCCH
Propagation Delay
7.5 slots
DPCH offset 22
10% overlap of
UL DPCH and
HS-DPCCH
P-CCPCH
DL-DPCH
HS-SCCH
HS-PDSCH
UE timing
2slots
T_dpch_offset
Propagation Delay
DL-DPCH
T_txdiff
HS-PDSCH
UL-DPCH
HS-DPCCH
Propagation Delay
7.5 slots
DPCH offset 26
50% overlap of
UL DPCH and
HS-DPCCH
DL DPCH timing offset results in a propable
non slot alignment between HS-DPCCH and the DPCH
slot
1 slot = 2560 chips = 10 symbols
50% overlap
slot
alignment
Remark
1 10
2 9
3 8
4 7
5 6
6 5
7 4
8 3
9 2
0 1
1 0
realtive timing difference DPCH vs. HS-DPCCH
(symbols)
T_dpch_offset
(symbols)
Data Rates
10 or 14 Mbps?
Data Rates
How are 14.4 Mbps derived?
1 slot HS-PDSCH (equivalent to 10 ms / 15 = 666.7 us) using 16 QAM contains 640 bits
Maximum 15 HS-PDSCH codes can be allocated to a UE
15 HS-PDSCHs therefore result in a gross bit rate of
15* 640 bits / 666.7 us = 14.4 Mbps
This does not include any channel
coding and is therefore a rather
theoretical value
Tslot = 2560 chips
320 bits for QPSK, 640 bits for 16QAM
1 subframe of 3 slots: 2 ms
Data Rates
User Equipment Classes
28800 3630 1 5 Category 12*
14400 3630 2 5 Category 11*
172800 27952 1 15 Category 10
172800 20251 1 15 Category 9
134400 14411 1 10 Category 8
115200 14411 1 10 Category 7
67200 7298 1 5 Category 6
57600 7298 1 5 Category 5
38400 7298 2 5 Category 4
28800 7298 2 5 Category 3
28800 7298 3 5 Category 2
19200 7298 3 5 Category 1
Total number
of soft channel
bits
Maximum number of
bits of an HS-DSCH
transport block
received within
an HS-DSCH TTI
Minimum
inter-TTI
interval
Maximum
number of HS-
DSCH codes
received
HS-DSCH category
1.2 Mbps class
3.6 Mbps class
7 Mbps class
10 Mbps class
*QPSK only
3
G
P
P

T
S

2
5
.
3
0
6
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
Motivation
Principle
Channel Quality Reporting
Motivation (I)
Signal quality received by a subscriber depends on:
distance from the desired and interfering base stations
path loss
log-normal shadowing
short term Rayleigh fading

?
Motivation (II)
Consequence:
Signal transmitted should be modified to account for the signal quality variation
Link adaptation:
Fast power control:
Used in WCDMA release 99
Mitigates near-far problem in uplink
Compensates for variations due to
short term Rayleigh fading
AMC:
Used in HSDPA
!
Principle
HS-DSCH data rate is adjusted by
modifying
modulation scheme
effective code rate
number of HS-PDSCH codes
Decision based on channel quality reports
from UE
HS-DSCH,
e.g. 16QAM,
code rate 3/4
HS-DSCH,
e.g. QPSK,
code rate 1/2
HS-DSCH modulation /
coding adapted acc. to
proposed CQI
HS-DPCCH:
proposed CQI
(every 2ms160ms)

-2 16-QAM 5 7168 24
-1 16-QAM 5 7168 23
0 16-QAM 5 7168 22
0 16-QAM 5 6554 21
0 16-QAM 5 5887 20
0 16-QAM 5 5287 19
0 16-QAM 5 4664 18
0 16-QAM 5 4189 17
0 16-QAM 5 3565 16
0 QPSK 5 3319 15
0 QPSK 4 2583 14
0 QPSK 4 2279 13
0 QPSK 3 1742 12
0 9600

XR
V
NIR Reference
power
adjustment A
Modulati
on
Number
of
HS-
PDSCH
Transport
Block Size
CQI
value
UE proposes CQI value so that
HS-DSCH transport block error
probability would not exceed 0.1
Table according to 3GPP TS 25.214

-2 16-QAM 5 7168 24
-1 16-QAM 5 7168 23
0 16-QAM 5 7168 22
0 16-QAM 5 6554 21
0 16-QAM 5 5887 20
0 16-QAM 5 5287 19
0 16-QAM 5 4664 18
0 16-QAM 5 4189 17
0 16-QAM 5 3565 16
0 QPSK 5 3319 15
0 QPSK 4 2583 14
0 QPSK 4 2279 13
0 QPSK 3 1742 12
0 9600

XR
V
NIR Reference
power
adjustment A
Modulati
on
Number
of
HS-
PDSCH
Transport
Block Size
CQI
value
3GPP TS 25.214 contains 5
different tables for:
Categories 1-6
Categories 7-8
Category 9
Category 10
Categories 11,12
Each table contains definitions for
CQI values 030
Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC)
Tests 1&2 2codesx4TS
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
SIR(dB)
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t

(
b
i
t
s
/
s
u
b
-
f
r
a
m
e
)
QPSK 240 QPSK 253
QPSK 267 QPSK 282
QPSK 298 QPSK 315
QPSK 332 QPSK 351
QPSK 370 QPSK 391
QPSK 413 QPSK 436
QPSK 461 QPSK 487
QPSK 514 QPSK 543
QPSK 573 QPSK 605
QPSK 639 QPSK 675
16-QAM675 16-QAM712
16-QAM752 16-QAM794
16-QAM839 16-QAM886
16-QAM936 16-QAM988
16-QAM1043 16-QAM1102
16-QAM1163

-2 16-QAM 5 7168 24
-1 16-QAM 5 7168 23
0 16-QAM 5 7168 22
0 16-QAM 5 6554 21
0 16-QAM 5 5887 20
0 16-QAM 5 5287 19
0 16-QAM 5 4664 18
0 16-QAM 5 4189 17
0 16-QAM 5 3565 16
0 QPSK 5 3319 15
0 QPSK 4 2583 14
0 QPSK 4 2279 13
0 QPSK 3 1742 12
0 9600

XR
V
NIR Reference
power
adjustment A
Modulati
on
Number
of
HS-
PDSCH
Transport
Block Size
CQI
value
Example: UE proposes CQI value 19.
CQI value 19 corresponds to
Transport Block Size 5287 bits
5 HS-PDSCHs
16QAM Modulation
UE assumes:
HS-DSCH power [dB]:
I signalled by higher layers
Virtual IR buffer NIR
Redundancy version X
RV
A + I + =
CPICH HSPDSCH
P P
CQI Reference Period
TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS8 TS9 TS10 TS11 TS12 TS13 TS14 TS15 TS16 TS17
7.5 Timeslots
AN
n
CQI
k
CQI
k-3
TB n TB n+1 TB n+2 TB n+3 TB n+4 TB n+5 TB n+6
AN
n-1
AN
n-2
AN
n+1
AN
n+2
AN
n+3
CQI
k+2
CQI
k+1
CQI
k-1
CQI
k-2
AN
n-3
CQI
k+3
HS-PDSCH
HS-DPCCH
CQI
reference
period
Reference
period
k-3
Reference
period
k-2
Reference
period
k-1
Reference
period
k
Reported CQI value refers to 3-slot reference period ending 1 slot before first slot used to transmit CQI
ACK/NACK field for HS-DSCH subframe
associated to CQI reference period
Hybrid ARQ
Protocol Definition
Motivation
Principle
Physical Layer HARQ Functionality
Redundancy Version Coding
HARQ Processes
Hybrid ARQ
Protocol Definition
ARQ / Automatic Repeat Request:
Receiver detects errors and requests retransmissions of erroneous packets
HARQ / Hybrid-ARQ:
Coding is applied to transmission packets
Receiver does not delete received symbols when decoding fails
but combines the new transmission with the old one in the buffer
Two ways of operating:
Identical retransmission (Chase Combining)
Non-identical retransmission (Incremental Redundancy)
Data
NACK
Data
ACK
Hybrid ARQ
Chase Combining
Turbo Encoder output (36 bits)
Rate Matching to 16 bits (Puncturing)
Chase Combining at receiver
Systematic Bits
Parity 1
Parity 2
Systematic Bits
Parity 1
Parity 2
Systematic Bits
Parity 1
Parity 2
Original Transmission Retransmission
Hybrid ARQ
Incremental Redundancy
Turbo Encoder output (36 bits)
Rate Matching to 16 bits (Puncturing)
Incremental Redundancy Combining at receiver
Systematic Bits
Parity 1
Parity 2
Systematic Bits
Parity 1
Parity 2
Systematic Bits
Parity 1
Parity 2
Original Transmission Retransmission
Hybrid ARQ
Motivation
Limitations of Adaptive Modulation and Coding:
- accuracy of CQI reporting
- effect of delay
HARQ can be understood as an implicit link adaptation technique:
- Does not rely on explicit C/I or similar measurements
- Link layer acknowledgements are used for re-transmission decisions
- Autonomously adapts to the instantaneous channel conditions
- Insensitive to measurement error and delay
AMC provides the coarse data rate selection.
H-ARQ provides for fine data rate adjustment based
on channel conditions.
Combination of
AMC and HARQ
Hybrid ARQ
CRC attachment to
each transport block
Code block segmentation
Channel Coding
Physical Layer Hybrid-ARQ
functionality
Bit Scrambling
PhCH#1 PhCH#P
Physical channel mapping
HS-DSCH Interleaving
Physical channel
segmentation
Constellation Re-
arrangement for
16QAM
Data arrives to the coding unit in form of a maximum of
one transport block once every transmission time interval.
Redundancy Version
determined by
parameters r and s
Constellation
determined by
parameter b
Signalled to UE
on HS-SCCH
Signalled to UE
on HS-SCCH
Turbo Coding Rate 1/3
Hybrid ARQ
Physical Layer HARQ Functionality (I)
RM P1_1
RM P2_1
RM S
RM P1_2
RM P2_2
N
sys
N
p1
N
p2
N
t,sys
N
t,p1
N
t,p2
First Rate
Matching
Virtual
IR Buffer
Second Rate
Matching
Systematic bits
Parity 1 bits
Parity 2 bits
RV Parameters
s and r
From
turbo
coder
matches the number of bits to the
number of soft channel bits available in
the virtual IR buffer (puncturing)
T
o

P
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
S
e
g
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
IR buffer size can
be configured
matches the number of bits to the number of
physical channel bits in the HS-PDSCH set;
generates different redundancy versions
which mainly influences HARQ performance
Turbo Coder outputs Systematic bits
and two streams of parity bits
Systematic bits are identical to the input
bits to the turbo coder
Hybrid ARQ
Physical Layer HARQ Functionality (II)
RM P1_1
RM P2_1
RM S
RM P1_2
RM P2_2
N
sys
N
p1
N
p2
N
t,sys
N
t,p1
N
t,p2
First Rate
Matching
Virtual
IR Buffer
Second Rate
Matching
Systematic bits
Parity 1 bits
Parity 2 bits
F
r
o
m
t
u
r
b
o
c
o
d
e
r
3
*

7
2
0

b
i
t
s
=

2
1
6
0

b
i
t
s
a
r
e
a
r
r
i
v
i
n
g
T
o

P
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
S
e
g
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
,

9
6
0

b
i
t
s
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
o
n

H
S
-
P
D
S
C
H
Example assumptions:
1 HS-PDSCH code with QPSK available (960 bits)
720 bits input to turbo coder -> (720 * 3) bits output of turbo coder
Virtual IR buffer size = 1920 bits
Virtual IR
buffer size
= 1920 bits
720 bits
720 bits
720 bits
2160 bits have to be matched to
1920 bits by puncturing (-11%)
1920 bits have to be matched to
960 bits by puncturing (-50%),
Hybrid ARQ
Signalling of Redundancy Version (QPSK) on HS-SCCH
Redundancy Version Coding Sequences are signalled on HS-SCCH, example:
-{0,2,5,6}: one initial transmission + 3 retransmissions with different r and s parameters
3 0 7
3 1 6
2 0 5
2 1 4
1 0 3
1 1 2
0 0 1
0 1 0
r s X
rv
(value)
Initial transmission
1st retransmission
2nd retransmission
3rd retransmission
s=1: systematic bits are prioritized
s=0: non systematic bits are prioritized
r (range 0 to 3 for QPSK) influences:
input parameter of puncturing or
(together with s) of repetition
algorithm defined in TS 25.212
selection of parity bits
Hybrid ARQ
Signalling of Redundancy Version (16QAM) on HS-SCCH
0 1 1 7
3 0 1 6
2 0 1 5
1 0 1 4
1 1 0 3
1 1 1 2
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
b r s X
rv
(value)
Redundancy Version Coding Sequences are signalled on HS-SCCH, example:
-{6,4,0,5}: Chase combining (no change in s and r parameters, i.e. same redundancy
version) with 4 possible constellations
Initial transm.
3rd retransm.
1st retransm.
2nd retransm.
Definition of
parameter s as
for QPSK
r (range 0 to 1 for 16QAM) influences input
parameter of puncturing or (together with s) of
repetition algorithm defined in TS25.212 and thus
selection of parity bits
b (range 0 to 3) describes
constellation rearrangement
to average reliability of bits
HARQ principle: Multitasking
t
BS, Tx
UE, Tx
Data Data
Nt
Demodulate, decode, descramble,
despread, check CRC, etc.
ACK/NACK
Minimum processing time for UE
receiver
Data Data
UE, Tx
Demodulate, decode, descramble,
despread, check CRC, etc.
Remark, for being able to receive an Inter-TTI of 1 it is required to
handle 6 parallel HARQ processes
ACK/NACK
Hybrid ARQ
HARQ Processes
asynchronous DL - synchronous UL
Number of H-ARQ processes = 1..8 per UE
Interworking with Physical Layer Procedures
Transmit Diversity
Compressed Mode
Phase Reference
HSDPA Impact on Transmit Diversity
HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH can use open loop STTD,
HS-PDSCH can also use closed loop mode 1 diversity
The transmit diversity mode used for a HS-PDSCH subframe shall be the same
as used for the DPCH associated with this HS-PDSCH subframe
If the DPCH associated with an HS-SCCH subframe is using either open or
closed loop transmit diversity, the HS-SCCH subframe from this cell shall be
transmitted using STTD, otherwise no transmit diversity shall be used for this
HS-SCCH subframe
In the case that an HS-PDSCH is associated with a DPCH for which closed-
loop transmit diversity is applied, the antenna weights applied to HS-PDSCH
are the same as applied to the associated DPCH
HSDPA Impact on Compressed Mode
The UE shall neglect a HS-SCCH or HS-PDSCH transmission, if a part of
the HS-SCCH or a part of the corresponding HS-PDSCH overlaps with a
downlink transmission gap on the associated DPCH.
Neither ACK nor NACK shall be transmitted by the UE to respond to the
corresponding downlink transmission
If a part of a HS-DPCCH slot allocated for ACK/NACK information
overlaps with an uplink transmission gap on the associated DPCH, the
UE shall not transmit ACK/NACK information in that slot
If in a HS-DPCCH sub-frame a part of the slots allocated for CQI
information overlaps with an uplink transmission gap on the associated
DPCH, the UE shall not transmit CQI information in that sub-frame
If a CQI report is scheduled in the current CQI field and the
corresponding 3-slot reference period wholly or partly overlaps a
downlink transmission gap, then the UE shall use DTX in the current CQI
field and in the CQI fields in the next (N_cqi_transmit1) subframes
Downlink Phase Reference
HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH can use Primary CPICH, Secondary
CPICH or Dedicated Pilots as downlink phase reference.
The same phase reference as with the associated DPCH shall be
used.
The support for dedicated pilots as phase reference for HS-PDSCH
and HS-SCCH is optional for the UE.
During a DPCH frame overlapping with any part of an associated
HS-DSCH or HS-SCCH subframe, the phase reference on this
DPCH shall not change.
MAC-hs Protocol Entity
Overall Protocol Architecture
Functions and Architecture UTRAN and UE Side
MAC-d Flows and Priority Queue Handling
MAC-hs Protocol Data Unit
MAC-hs Reset
Protocol Architecture with New MAC-hs Protocol
L2
L1
HS-
DSCH
FP
RLC
L2
L1
HS-
DSCH
FP
Iub/ Iur
PHY
MAC
PHY
RLC
Uu
MAC-
hs
MAC-d
New protocol entity in Node B
One entity for each cell supporting HSDPA
UE
Node B
RNC
MAC = Medium Access Control
RLC= Radio Link Control
FP = Frame Protocol
Functions UTRAN and UE Side
The UTRAN MAC-hs entity handles the HSDPA specific functions:
Flow Control
Scheduling/Priority Handling: determines Queue ID and Transmission
Sequence Number (TSN) for each new MAC-hs PDU
HARQ entity (one per UE): supports multiple stop and wait HARQ processes
Transport Format and resource selection: Selection of an appropriate
transport format and resource for the data
The UE MAC-hs entity handles the HSDPA specific functions:
HARQ entity (one per UE, parallel HARQ processes): generates ACKs or
NACKs
Reordering Queue distribution: routes MAC-hs PDUs to correct reordering
buffer based on Queue ID
Reordering: reorders received MAC-hs PDUs according to transmission
sequence number (TSN)
Disassembly of MAC-hs PDUs: removes MAC-hs header, extracts MAC-d
PDUs and delivers them to higher layers
PDU = Protocol Data Unit
UTRAN Side MAC-hs Architecture
MAC-hs
MAC Control
HS-DSCH
TFRC selection
Priority Queue
distribution
Associated Downlink
Signalling Associated Uplink
Signalling
MAC-d flows
HARQ entity
Priority Queue
distribution
Priority
Queue
Priority
Queue
Priority
Queue
Priority
Queue
Scheduling/Priority handling
UE Side MAC Architecture
MAC-d
FACH RACH
DCCH DTCH DTCH
DSCH
DCH DCH
MAC Control
USCH
( TDD only )
CPCH
( FDD only )
CTCH BCCH CCCH SHCCH
( TDD only )
PCCH
PCH FACH
MAC-c/sh
USCH
( TDD only )
DSCH
MAC-hs
HS-DSCH
Associated Uplink
Signalling
Associated Downlink
Signalling
UE Side MAC-hs Architecture
MAC-hs
MAC Control
Associated Uplink Signalling
To MAC-d
Associated Downlink Signalling
HS-DSCH
HARQ
Reordering Reordering
Re-ordering queue distribution
Disassembly
Disassembly
MAC-d Flows and Priority Queue Handling
Node B:
1 MAC-hs entity
per cell
Priority Queue
(Queue ID 0)
Priority Queue
(Queue ID 0)
UE2
UE1
Priority Queue
(Queue ID 7)
Priority Queue
(Queue ID 3)
Priority Queue
(Queue ID 1)
RNC:
1 MAC-d entity per UE
Logical channel (ID 1)
[Logical channel (ID 3)]
[Logical channel (ID 4)]
MAC-d flow
MAC-d flow
MAC-d flow
HS-DSCH data frames,
each containing MAC d
PDUs for one user and for
a given CmCH-PI (Priority)
and MAC-d PDU size
CmCH-PI is associated to
a certain Queue ID via
NBAP signalling
Iub Air Interface
MAC-d flow
Reordering Queue
(Queue ID 0)
Reordering Queue
(Queue ID 0)
Reordering Queue
(Queue ID 7)
Reordering Queue
(Queue ID 3)
Reordering Queue
(Queue ID 1)
NBAP: HS-DSCH Information to Modify (Extract)
9.2.1.52B M >>>RLC Mode
9.2.1.38A M >>>>MAC-d PDU Size

9.2.1.53I M >>>>SID
1..<maxnoofMACdPDUin
dexes>
>>>MAC-d PDU Size Index
9.2.1.38Aa O >>>MAC-hs Guaranteed Bit Rate
9.2.1.38B M >>>MAC-hs Window Size
9.2.1.24E O >>>Discard Timer
9.2.1.56a M >>>T1
9.2.1.53H M >>>Scheduling Priority Indicator
Shall only refer to an HS-DSCH
MAC-d flow already existing in the
old configuration.
Multiple Priority Queues can be
associated with the same HS-
DSCH MAC-d Flow ID.
HS-DSCH
MAC-d Flow
ID 9.2.1.31I
M >>>Associated HS-DSCH MAC-d
Flow
9.2.1.49C M >>>Priority Queue ID
>>Add Priority Queue
M >CHOICE Priority Queue
0..<maxnoofPrioQueues> Priority Queue Information
.
Semantics Description IE Type
and
Reference
Range Presence IE/Group Name
If the F field is set to "0" the F field is
followed by a SID field. If the F field is
set to "1" the F field is followed by a
MAC-d PDU.
Size Index Identifier (3 bit), size of
set of consecutive MAC-d PDUs;
MAC-d PDU size for a given SID
configured by higher layers and
independent for each Queue ID
MAC-hs Protocol Data Unit (PDU)
Queue ID TSN SID
1
N
1
F
1
SID
2
N
2
F
2
SID
k
N
k
F
k
MAC-hs header MAC-hs SDU Padding (opt) MAC-hs SDU
Mac-hs payload
VF
Each MAC-hs SDU equals a MAC-d PDU (format as for the non HS-DSCH case)
A maximum of one MAC-hs PDU can be transmitted in a TTI per UE
The MAC-hs header is of variable size
Version Flag (1 bit), extension
capabilities for PDU format
(value 1 reserved in rel5)
Queue ID (3 bit) provides
identification of the reordering
queue in the receiver
Transmission Sequence
Number (6 bit) for reordering
purposes/in-sequence delivery
Number of consecutive MAC-d PDUs with
equal size (7 bits); maximum number of
PDUs transmitted in a single TTI shall be 70
HSDPA: MAC-hs SDU and MAC-hs PDU
Queue ID TSN SID
1
N
1
F
1
SID
2
N
2
F
2
SID
k
N
k
F
k
MAC-hs header MAC-hs SDU Padding (opt) MAC-hs SDU
Mac-hs payload
VF
MAC-hs PDU
MAC-d PDU MAC-d PDU
Each MAC-hs SDU corresponds
to 1 MAC-d PDU
1 MAC-hs PDU is sent every TTI of 2msec
HSDPA: MAC-hs SDU and MAC-hs PDU
MAC-hs PDU
MAC-d PDU
Size A
MAC-d PDU
Size B
Identifies size of set of
Consecutive MAC-d PDUs
1 MAC-hs PDU is sent every TTI of 2msec
Queue ID TSN SID
1
N
1
F
1
SID
2
N
2
F
2
SID
k
N
k
F
k
MAC -hs header MAC -hs SDU Padding (opt) MAC -hs SDU
Mac -hs payload
VF
MAC -hs SDU
Number of
MAC-d PDUs,
Size A
Identifies size of set of consecutive MAC-d
PSUs, here of size B
Number of MAC-d PDUs of size B
Reordering of MAC-hs PDUs on UE Side
MAC-hs PDU
TSN 0
MAC-hs PDU
TSN 1
MAC-hs PDU
TSN 3
Received MAC-hs PDUs
Delivery to
Disassembly Entity
Next expected TSN = 2
TSN = 3 > Next expected TSN
Start Reordering Release Timer T1
R
e
o
r
d
e
r
i
n
g
Q
u
e
u
e
Added or Reconfigured MAC-d Flow
(in Added or reconfigured DL TrCH Information, TS 25.331 (RRC))
REL-5 The MAC-hs queue ID is
unique across all MAC-d flows.
Integer(0..7) MP >MAC-hs queue Id
REL-5 <1 to maxQueueID> OP MAC-hs queue to delete list
REL-5 Integer(0..7) MP >>MAC-d PDU size index
REL-5 Integer(1..5000) MP >>MAC-d PDU size
REL-5 Mapping of the different MAC-
d PDU sizes configured for the
HS-DSCH to the MAC-d PDU
size index in the MAC-hs
header.
<1 to max
MACdPDUsizes>
OP >MAC-d PDU size Info
REL-5 Integer(4, 6, 8,
12, 16, 24, 32)
MP >MAC-hs window size
REL-5 Timer (in milliseconds) when
PDUs are released to the
upper layers even though
there are outstanding PDUs
with lower TSN values.
Integer(10, 20,
30, 40, 50, 60,
70, 80, 90, 100,
120, 140, 160,
200, 300, 400)
MP >T1
REL-5 MAC-d Flow
Identity
10.3.5.7c
MP >MAC-d Flow Identity
REL-5 The MAC-hs queue ID is
unique across all MAC-d flows.
Integer(0..7) MP >MAC-hs queue Id
REL-5 <1 to maxQueueID> OP MAC-hs queue to add or reconfigure list
Version Semantics description Type and
reference
Multi Need Information Element/Group name
SID
MAC-hs Reset
If a reset of the MAC-hs entity is requested by upper layers, the UE shall:
flush soft buffer for all configured HARQ processes;
stop all active re-ordering release timer (T1), set all timer T1 to their initial value;
start TSN with value 0 for the next transmission on every HARQ process;
initialise the variables RcvWindow_UpperEdge and next_expected_TSN to their
initial values;
disassemble all MAC-hs PDUs in the re-ordering buffer and deliver all MAC-d
PDUs to the MAC-d entity;
flush the re-ordering buffer.
and then:
indicate to all AM RLC entities mapped on HS-DSCH to generate a status report.
RRC Protocol
(Radio Resource Control)
Signalling of Physical Layer Parameters
Mobility
RRC Protocol
Signalling of Physical Layer Parameters
Physical layer parameters signalled to UE / Node B:
HS-SCCH set to be monitored
Repetition factor of ACK/NACK: N_acknack_transmit
Channel Quality Indicator feedback cycle k
Repetition factor of CQI: N_cqi_transmit
Measurement power offset I
Power offsets for ACK, NACK, CQI
[Release 6: Status of preamble/postamble transmission:
HARQ_preamble_mode]
RRC Protocol
Downlink HS-PDSCH Information
REL-5 Measurement
Feedback
Info
10.3.6.40a
OP Measurement Feedback Info
REL-5 HS-SCCH
Info
10.3.6.36a
OP HS-SCCH Info
Version Semantics
description
Type and
reference
Multi Need Information Element/Group
name
Contained in:
Cell Update Confirm
Physical Channel Reconfiguration
Radio Bearer Reconfiguration
Radio Bearer Release
Radio Bearer Setup
Transport Channel Reconfiguration
RRC Protocol
HS-SCCH Info
REL-5 Integer
(0..127)
MP >>>HS-SCCH
Channelisation Code
REL-5 1 to
<maxHS-
SCCHs>
MP >>HS-SCCH
Channelisation Code
Information
REL-5 DL Scrambling
code to be
applied for HS-
DSCH and HS-
SCCH. Default
is same
scrambling code
as for the
primary CPICH.
Secondary
scrambling
code
10.3.6.74
MD >>DL Scrambling Code
REL-5 >FDD
REL-5 MP CHOICE mode
Version Semantics
description
Type and
reference
Multi Need Information
Element/Group name
RRC Protocol
Measurement Feedback Info
REL-5 Refer to
quantization
of the power
offset in [28]
Integer
(0..8)
MP >>A
CQI
REL-5 Integer
(1..4)
MP >>CQI repetition factor
REL-5 In
milliseconds.
Integer
(0, 2, 4, 8,
10, 20, 40,
80, 160)
MP >>CQI Feedback cycle, k
REL-5 Default Power
offset
between HS-
PDSCH and
P-CPICH/S-
CPICH. In
dB.
Real(-6 ..
13 by step
of 0.5)
MP >>POhsdsch
REL-5 >FDD
Versio
n
Semantics
description
Type and
reference
Multi Need Information
Element/Group name
RRC Protocol
Uplink DPCH Power Control Info
REL-5 Integer(1..4) OP >>Ack-Nack repetition factor
REL-5 refer to quantization of
the power offset in [28]
Integer
(0..8)
OP >>A
NACK
REL-5 Refer to quantization
of the power offset in
[28]
Integer
(0..8)
OP >>A
ACK
In dB Integer (1, 2) CV-algo >>TPC step size
Specifies algorithm to
be used by UE to
interpret TPC
commands
Enumerated
(algorithm 1,
algorithm 2)
MP >>Power Control Algorithm
In number of frames Integer(0..7) MP >>SRB delay
In number of frames Integer (0..7) MP >>PC Preamble
In dB Integer(-164,..-6
by step of 2)
MP >>DPCCH Power offset
>FDD
MP CHOICE mode
Version Semantics
description
Type and
reference
Multi Need Information Element/Group name
RRC Protocol
Added or Reconfigured DL TrCH information
Version Semantics
description
Type and
reference
Multi Need Information Element/Group
name
REL-5 Added or
reconfigured
MAC-d flow
10.3.5.1a
OP >>Added or reconfigured MAC-d
flow
REL-5 HARQ info
10.3.5.7a
OP >>HARQ Info
REL-5 Note 1 >HS-DSCH
Contained in:
Cell Update Confirm
HOV to UTRAN command
Radio Bearer Reconfiguration
Radio Bearer Release
Radio Bearer Setup
Transport Channel Reconfiguration
RRC Protocol
HARQ Info
REL-5 Maximum number of
soft channel bits
available in the virtual
IR buffer [27]
Integer(800 .. 16000 by
step of 800, 17600 ..
32000 by step of 1600,
36000 .. 80000 by step of
4000, 88000 .. 160000 by
step of 8000, 176000 ..
304000 by step of 16000)
MP >>>Process Memory size
REL-5 <1 to
MaxHProces
ses>
MP >>Memory size
REL-5 >Explicit
REL-5 UE shall apply
memory partitioning of
equal size across all
HARQ processes
>Implicit
REL-5 MP CHOICE Memory Partitioning
REL-5 Integer (1..8) MP Number of Processes
Version Semantics
description
Type and reference Multi Need Information Element/Group
name
RRC Protocol
Mobility
HS-DSCH sent from one BTS only
Associated DCH sent from all cells
RNC
DCH + HS-DSCH
DCH
Iub
RRC Protocol
Mobility
Terminology:
Serving HS-DSCH radio link: The radio link that the HS-PDSCH physical channel(s)
allocated to the UE belongs to.
Serving HS-DSCH cell: The cell associated with the UTRAN access point performing
transmission and reception of the serving HS-DSCH radio link for a given UE. The
serving HS-DSCH cell is always part of the current active set of the UE.
Serving HS-DSCH Node B: A role a Node B may take with respect to a UE having
one or several HS-PDSCHs allocated. The serving HS-DSCH Node B is the Node B
controlling the serving HS-DSCH cell.
Procedures:
Mobility for HSDPA is based on existing (Release 99) RRC handover procedures.
Serving HS-DSCH Radio Link
Indicator in Downlink
Information for each Radio Link
RRC Protocol
Serving HS-DSCH Cell Change
NodeB NodeB
MAC-hs
NodeB NodeB
MAC-hs
Source HS-
DSCH Node B
Target HS-
DSCH Node B
Serving
HS-DSCH
radio link
Serving
HS-DSCH
radio link
s
t
RNC RNC
Establishment of new HARQ
entities in target Node B
RRC Protocol
Example: Inter Node B Hard Handover
UE
Target Node B Source Node B SRNC
HOV Decision
RL Setup
RL Reconfiguration
MAC-hs release
MAC-hs setup
RL Reconfiguration
Transport Channel
Reconfiguration incl.
MAC-hs Reset Indicator
Stop Tx/Rx in
source cell
Start Tx/Rx in
target cell
MAC-hs Reset
Transport Channel
Reconfiguration Complete
RL Deletion
Stop Rx/Tx
Start Rx/Tx
Technical Requirements for UE and Node B
UE Transmitter
UE Receiver
UE Layer 1 Processes
UE Protocol
Node B Transmitter
Node B Layer 1 Processes
Overview
HSDPA puts new requirements on UE, Node B and network functionality:
New protocol architecture (new MAC-hs entity in Node B)
Significant increase in L1 functionality
Introduction of new transport and physical channels
HS-(P)DSCH: High Speed (Physical) Downlink Shared Channel
HS-SCCH: High Speed Shared Control Channel
HS-DPCCH: High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel
Short Transmission Time Interval (TTI) of 2 ms
Introduction of 16QAM Modulation Scheme as terminal capability
Adaptive Modulation & Coding based on terminal capability and
CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) feedback from terminal to Node B
Hybrid-ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) Protocol
New User Equipment Classes in 3GPP TS 25.306
High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) April 2005 106
Technical Background:
HS-DPCCH is introduced as 3rd uplink code channel for
transmission of ACK/NACK and CQI.
Modification of output power probability function
Increased UE power amplifier linearity requirements
Full or partial transmission of HS-DPCCH during a DPCCH timeslot
DPDCH
DPCCH HS-DPCCH
DPCCH
DPDCH
HS-DPCCH
Requirements for UE Transmitter
TS 34.121 Requirements, Transmitter Characteristics
34.121 Transmitter Characteristics (FDD)
Comment Title Section
Update of existing R99 test case
for introduction of HSDPA
Error Vector Magnitude
(EVM) with HS-DPCCH
5.13A.1
Adjacent Channel
Leakage Power Ratio
(ACLR) with HS-DPCCH
5.10A
Spectrum emission mask
with HS-DPCCH
5.9A
Verify new maximum output power
requirements during HS-DPCCH
transmission
UE max output power
with HS-DPCCH
5.2A
Verify power ratios and absolute
powers during HS-DPCCH
transmission
Transmit ON/OFF power,
HS-PDCCH
TBD
Maximum Output Power with HSDPA
The maximum output power with HS-DPCCH is a measure of the maximum power the UE can
transmit when HS-DPCCH is fully or partially transmitted during a DPCCH timeslot.
+4.7/-2.7 +19 +3.7/-3.7 +22 |
c
/|
d
= 15/7, 15/0
+3.7/-2.7 +20 +2.7/-3.7 +23 |
c
/|
d
= 13/15, 15/8
+2.7/-2.7 +21 +1.7/-3.7 +24 |
c
/|
d
= 1/15, 12/15
Tol
(dB)
Power
(dBm)
Tol
(dB)
Power
(dBm)
Power Class 4 Power Class 3
Ratio of |c / |d
for all values of |hs
30/15 15/0 off 15/15 6
30/15 15/7 7/15 15/15 5
30/15 15/8 8/15 15/15 4
26/15 13/15 15/15 13/15 3
24/15 12/15 15/15 12/15 2
2/15 1/15 15/15 1/15 1
|
hs
|
c
/|
d
|
d
|
c
Sub-test
TS 34.121
TS 34.121
TS 34.121 Requirements, RRM
Title Section
Transport Format Combination Selection in UE with HS-DPCCH TBD
34.121 RRM (FDD)
TS 34.121 Requirements, Receiver Characteristics
Title Section
Maximum input level, Minimum requirement for HS-PDSCH reception
(16QAM)
6.3A
34.121 Receiver Characteristics (FDD)
Requirements for UE Layer 1 Processes
Fast scheduling, Hybrid ARQ and adaptive modulation and
coding as interaction between Node B and UE are introduced.
Correctness of layer 1 processes essential for
HSDPA performance
Consistency, speed, detection probabilities
Technical Requirements for UE and Node B TS
34.121 Requirements, RF Performance
Demodulation of HS-DSCH (Fixed Reference Channel);
Open Loop Diversity
9.2.2
Title Section
HS-SCCH Detection Performance 9.4
Reporting of Channel Quality Indicator; Fading propagation conditions 9.3.2
Reporting of Channel Quality Indicator; AWGN propagation conditions 9.3.1
Closed Loop Tx Diversity
9.2.3
Single Link
9.2.1
34.121 RF Performance (FDD)
New
Section!
34.121 Requirements, Fixed Reference Channels
- Fixed Reference Channels H-Sets 1-5 defined in release 5:
- H-Set 1 QPSK / 16 QAM
- H-Set 4 QPSK
- H-Set 5 QPSK
- compare with rel99 Reference Measurement Channels
34.121 Requirements, Fixed Reference Channels
16QAM QPSK
Modulation
4 5 Codes Number of Physical Channel Codes
0.61 0.67
Coding Rate
9600 9600 SMLs Number of SMLs per HARQ Proc.
19200 19200 SMLs Total Available SMLs in UE
7680 4800 Bits Binary Channel Bits Per TTI
1 1 Blocks Number Code Blocks
4664 3202
Bits
Information Bit Payload N
INF
2 2
Process
es
Number of HARQ Processes
3 3 TTIs Inter-TTI Distance
777 534 kbps Nominal Avg. Inf. Bit Rate
Value Unit Parameter
Example: Fixed Reference Channel H-Set 1 acc. to 3GPP TS 34.121:
S
M
L

=

S
o
f
t

M
e
t
r
i
c

L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n

(
S
o
f
t

c
h
a
n
n
e
l

b
i
t
)
TS 34.121 Requirements: FRCs and UE Categories
H-Set 5 Category 12
H-Set 4 Category 11
H-Set 3 Category 6
H-Set 3 Category 5
H-Set 2 Category 4
H-Set 2 Category 3
H-Set 1 Category 2
H-Set 1 Category 1
Corresponding requirement HS-DSCH category
TS 34.121, 9.2.: Demodulation of HS-DSCH
UE reports
ACK, NACK or DTX
Verify overall performance of
HS-DSCH:
Information bit throughput
R [kbps] based on ACK/NACK
evaluation
Fixed Reference Channel
H-set according to UE category ,
predefined redundancy versions
Decision about
new transmissions
or retransmissions
TS 34.121/9.3: Reporting of Channel Quality Indicator, AWGN
CQI Reports: feedback cycle and repetition
factor configured by higher layers
Verify CQI accuracy in 2 steps:
1. CQI shall be in the range of +/-2 of the
reported median more than 90 % of the
time
2. Check HS-DSCH BLER for median CQI,
median CQI +2 and median CQI-1
SS ignores CQI reports by UE, and sets:
1. HS-DSCH according to CQI=16
2. HS-DSCH according to
median CQI,
median CQI + 2,
median CQI-1
TS 34.121/9.3: Reporting of Channel Quality Indicator, Fading
CQI Reports: feedback cycle and repetition
factor configured by higher layers
Verify CQI accuracy:
Collect events when UE reported median
CQI and median CQI+3, and check
HS-DSCH BLER for these events.
Physical channel parameters for
HS-DSCH set according to
a fixed CQI value
(median CQI)
TS 34.121 / 9.4: HS-SCCH Detection Performance
UE responds
ACK, NACK or DTX
Verify HS-SCCH detection:
Probability that UE is signalled on HS-
SCCH but DTX is observed on
corresponding HS-DPCCH
UE under test addressed
via first HS-SCCH
Requirements for UE MAC-hs
MAC-hs protocol entity in UE handles HARQ, priority
queue routing, re-ordering and disassembly of packets.
Essential for user plane
performance
Specific test cases required
L2
L1
HS-
DSCH
FP
RLC
L2
L1
HS-
DSCH
FP
Iub/ Iur
PHY
MAC
PHY
RLC
Uu
MAC-
hs
MAC-d
TS 34.123-1 - Layer 2
MAC-hs PDU header handling 7.1.5.3
MAC-hs retransmissions 7.1.5.4
MAC-hs reset 7.1.5.5
MAC-hs Priority queue handling 7.1.5.2
MAC-hs reordering and stall avoidance 7.1.5.1
Title Section
MAC-hs transport block size selection 7.1.5.6
34.123-1 Layer 2
Requirements for UE Higher Layers
HSDPA specific information elements have been
introduced in RRC and NAS protocols.
HSDPA specific test cases in TS 34.123-1:
40 Layer 3 test cases:
Radio Bearer Establishment/Reconfiguration/Release
Transport/Physical Channel Reconfiguration
Cell Update
State transitions
Handover (incl. inter-system!) and Serving HS-DSCH cell change
9 Radio Bearer test cases
1 NAS test case
Verify handling of
QoS IE to indicate
data rates above
8640 kbps
Node B Transmitter Requirements
16QAM is available as modulation scheme on HS-PDSCH.
Different EVM requirement for
Node B supporting HS-PDSCH
with 16QAM (12.5 % with 16QAM)
New test model 5 for measuring
EVM according to TS 25.141
specification
Variants of this test model with
different HS-PDSCH and DPCH
numbers defined
EVM = Error Vector Magnitude
Node B Transmitter Requirements: Test Model 5 Variants
8 HS-PDSCHs, 30 DPCHs
Requirements for Node B Layer 1 Processes
Fast scheduling, Hybrid ARQ and adaptive modulation and
coding as interaction between Node B and UE are introduced.
Correct detection of ACK/NACK and CQI by the Node B
essential for HSDPA performance
Specific test cases for HS-DPCCH signalling detection in
TS 25.141 (Rel-6)
Reference Measurement Channel for HS-DPCCH (Rel-6)
High Speed Uplink Packet Access
Focus
HSUPA is a 3GPP release 6 Feature for UMTS FDD.
It is also referred to as FDD Enhanced Uplink.
Main Focus: Enhanced packet transmission in uplink
Uplink data rates up to 5.76 Mbps
Increased capacity and throughput
Reduced delay in uplink transmission
Combined [or independent] HSDPA / HSUPA operation
Example Applications:
video-clips, multimedia, e-mail, gaming, video-streaming, VoIP
Fast scheduling controlled by Node B
Efficient use of uplink radio resources
Uplink data sent on new Enhanced Dedicated Channel E-DCH
UE receives scheduling information from different cells in soft handover: one
serving cell, one or more non-serving cells
Uplink resources are granted to UE:
Absolute grant (AG):
Sent by serving cell
Initial maximum data rate UE may use
Relative grants (RG):
Sent by serving cell and non-serving cells
UP (only serving cell), DOWN, HOLD
Adaptation of uplink resource consumption in UE accordingly
New MAC-e and MAC-es protocol entities in UE and UTRAN
Key Features (I)
Short transmission time interval of 2ms
Accelerating packet scheduling for transmission
Support of 2 ms transmission time interval is UE capability
10 ms transmission time interval always supported
Hybrid automatic-repeat-request (HARQ)
Improving robustness against link adaptation errors
Node B requests retransmissions of erroneously receveived uplink data
Node B can combine information from the original transmission with that of later
retransmissions (Soft Combining)
In case of soft handover independent HARQ operation in different Node Bs
Key Features (II)
Principle
Node B:
E
-
D
P
D
C
H
Generation of
Scheduling and HARQ Information
for the User Data
E
-
D
P
C
C
H
:
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
o
n
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
f
o
m
a
t
a
n
d
H
A
R
Q
u
s
e
d
o
n
E
-
D
P
D
C
H
UE1
UE2
Relative Grant
Channel
Enhanced Dedicated
Physical Data Channel
E
-
D
P
D
C
H
:
U
s
e
r
D
a
t
a
Enh. Dedicated
Physical Control
Channel
E
-
D
P
C
C
H
E-AGCH: Absolute Resource Indicator
E-RGCH: Relative Resource Indicator
Absolute Grant
Channel
E-HICH: Hybrid ARQ ACK/NACK
Hybrid ARQ Acknowledge-
ment Indicator Channel
Release 6 Issues
H-Set 6
Receive Diversity
HS-DPCCH ACK/NACK Enhancement
HS-DPCCH Reference Channel
Fractional DPCH
HSUPA
Review UMTS Release 5/6 (Extract*)
HSDPA
IMS Phase 1
HSDPA Enhancements:
Performance Requirements of Receive Diversity for HSDPA
Improved minimum performance requirements for HSDPA UE categories 7 & 8
FDD Enhanced Uplink / HSUPA
Optimisation of downlink channelisation code utilisation (F-DPCH)
Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS)
IMS Phase 2
Release 5
Release 6
*For complete list of work/study items, see official 3GPP workplan
16QAM QPSK
Modulation
8 10
Codes Number of Physical Channel Codes
0.61 0.67
Coding Rate
19200 19200
SMLs Number of SMLs per HARQ Proc.
115200 115200
SMLs Total Available SMLs in UE
15360 9600
Bits Binary Channel Bits Per TTI
2 2
Blocks Number Code Blocks
9377 6438
Bits
6 6
Processes Number of HARQ Processes
1 1
TTIs Inter-TTI Distance
4689 3219
kbps Nominal Avg. Inf. Bit Rate
Value Unit Parameter
Release 6 Issues
Fixed Reference Channel (FRC) H-Set 6
Information Bit Payload ( )
INF
N
Release 6 Issues
Coding Rate for H-Set 6 (QPSK)
4800
9600
12 9693
Inf. Bit Payload
CRC Addition
Turbo-Encoding
(R=1/3)
6438
Code Block
Segmentation
1st Rate Matching 9600
Tail Bits 12 9693
3231
CRC 24 6438
RV Selection 4800
Physical Channel
Segmentation
960
Release 6 Issues
Improved Receiver Performance for HSDPA (I)
Work items related to receiver performance (release 6):
Improved Receiver Performance Requirements for HSDPA
Performance Requirements of Receive Diversity for HSDPA
Improved Minimum Performance Requirements for HSDPA UE categories 7/8
Receive diversity:
Enhance coverage, cell capacity and peak data rate in a HSDPA system
Shall be an optional capability for a HSDPA UE terminal
10 Code UEs (categories 7 and 8):
Dedicated performance requirements for high end terminals
Changing baseline receiver from RAKE to LMMSE chip level equalizer
Release 6 Issues
Improved Receiver Performance for HSDPA(II)
Outcome so far:
Enhanced performance requirements for receive diversity (type 1 requirements):
HS-DSCH demodulation
HS-SCCH detection
Enhanced performance requirements for categories 7 and 8 based on chip level
equalizer (type 2 requirements):
HS-DSCH demodulation
Release 6 Issues
Enhancements to the HS-DPCCH ACK/NACK transmission
Transmission of a layer 1 preamble and postamble
Objective:
Improve ACK/NACK decoding reliability
Enable current performance with lower HS-DPCCH power
Improved coverage for DCH or E-DCH
Release 6 Issues
Only relevant if HARQ preamble mode = 1
(signalled by higher layers to UE in Uplink DPCH power control
info IE)
If UE detects information on HS-SCCH:
HARQ preamble is transmitted prior to ACK/NACK
transmission
HARQ postamble is transmitted after ACK/NACK
transmission
Release 6 Issues
New Coding of ACK/NACK field in HS-DPCCH
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 POST
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 PRE
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NACK
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ACK
w
9
w
8
w
7
w
6
w
5
w
4
w
3
w
2
w
1
w
0
HARQ-ACK
message to be
transmitted
Release 6 Issues
Performance of Signalling Detection for HS-DPCCH
Node B Requirement in 3GPP TS 25.141:
ACK false alarm in AWGN and multipath conditions:
P(DTX->ACK)
ACK misdetection in AWGN and multipath conditions:
P(ACK->NACK or DTX)
Release 6 Issues
Reference Measurement Channel for HS-DPCCH
symbol 0 HS-DPCCH timing offset to DPCCH
dB 0 HS-DPCCH power offset to DPCCH
1 Repetition factor of ACK/NACK
OFF Closed loop power control
0.7333 Amplitude ratio of DPCCH/DPDCH
dB -2.69 Power ratio of DPCCH/DPDCH
256 Spreading factor
Bits/slot 2 TFCI
Bits/slot 2 Power control
Bits/slot 6 Dedicated pilot
DPCCH
1 Number of DPDCHs
ms 20 Interleaving
64 Spreading factor
% 22 Repetition rate
kbps 15 Physical channel
kbps 2.4 Information bit rate
DCCH
% 22 Repetition rate
kbps 60 Physical channel
kbps 12.2 Information bit rate
DTCH
DPDCH
Unit Parameter
Release 6 Issues
Fractional Dedicated Physical Channel (F-DPCH)
Rationale:
HSDPA requires an associated DPCH even if not needed from service
perspective
DPCH needed for carrying pilots and TPC
Pilot bits Phase reference
TPC bits UL / DL Power control
Objective of Fractional DPCH: Allow more efficient downlink code usage
Implementation:
DCCH signalling on HS-DSCH
One code is shared between different users to carry power control bits
Release 6 Issues
Fractional DPCH Principle
vvv
Radio framewith(SFN modulo 2) = 0 Radio framewith(SFN modulo 2) = 1
P-CCPCH
Any CPICH
10 ms 10 ms
Subframe
#0
Subframe
#1
Subframe
#2
Subframe
#3
Subframe
#4
Subframe
#
5
Subframe
#
6
Subframe
#
7
HS-PDSCH
Subframes
UL 1 DPCCH
Ttx_diff
t
DPCH1 UE 1 DPCH
t
DPCH2
t
DPCH3
T0
Fractional
Dedicated
Physical Channel
TPC bits for 1 slot
UL 2 DPCCH
UL 3 DPCCH
UE 3 DPCH
UE 2 DPCH
Release 6 Issues
Fractional DPCH Frame Structure
(Tx OFF)
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
T
slot
= 2560 chips
1 radio frame: T
f
= 10 ms
TPC
N
TPC
bits
(Tx OFF)
512 chips
Spreading factor is always 256 -> 10 UEs per code
2 TPC bits / slot
UE specific F-DPCH frame offset
Thank you for your attention!
Comments and questions
welcome!
T i is a e am l or h n e co i g
hi i n x m le f r cha n l c ing
This is an example for channel coding
T i is a e am l or h n e co i g
hi i n x m le f r cha n l c ing
Thi is an exam le for channel co ing
P1
P2
Soft
combining
final
decoding

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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) November 2005 1

High Speed Downlink Packet Access

9.2.1.38A M >>>>MAC-d PDU Size

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