TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 2.

0 Introduction Parties involved under inspection, testing and commissioning on Active Fire Protection System to comply with Certificate of Compliance and Completion(CCC). 2.1 3.0 Flow chart issuance of certificate of compliance and completion. What is the typical active fire protection system installed in Malaysia. 4.0 Active fire protection system requirement for Inspection, Testing and Commissioning. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 5.0 6.0 7.0 Portable Fire Extinguisher. External Fire Hydrant Hose Reel System Dry Riser System Wet riser System Downcomer System Automatic Sprinkler System Automatic Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing System Conclusion Reference Attachment 10-11 12-14 15-18 19-21 22-26 27-29 30-34 35-40 41 42 43 9 5-8 23 4

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1.0 - Introduction Fire is essentially a chemical reaction known as combustion. It can spread in minutes and kill in seconds. Knowing the characteristics of fire and understanding how it can spread can help Architect, Engineers and other professionals to formulate strategies on life safety and property protection in building design. Active fire protection system are installed in new development, where each system will undergo inspection, testing and commissioning by several parties. Architect, engineers and building designers need to design this system follow with Uniform Building By laws (UBBL) to produce standard design plan. Active fire protection can be classified into 8 system :I. II. Portable fire extinguisher Intended for the occupants to use to extinguish a fire during its early stages before the fire gets out of control. External fire hydrant Fire hydrant installation consists of a system of pipework connected directly to the water supply mains to provide water to each and every hydrant outlet and is intended to provide water for the firemen to fight a fire. Hose reels Intended for the occupant to use during the early stages of a fire and comprises hose reel pumps, fire water storage tank, hose reels, pipe work and valve. Dry risers Form of internal hydrant for the firemen to use and are only required for building where the topmost floor is higher than 18.3 m and less than 30.5m above the fire appliance access level. Dry riser are normally dry and depend on the fire engine to pump water into the system. Wet risers Form of internal hydrant for the firemen to use and are always charged with water. Required for building where the topmost floor is higher than 30.5m above the fire appliance access level. Downcomer system Form of internal hydrant for the firemen to use and are always charged with water from a water tank located at the top of a building but without any pumps. Downcomers are only permitted for private residential buildings with open balcony approach and where the topmost floor is not higher than 60m above the fire appliance access level and should be adopted for low cost flats only.

III. -

IV. -

V. -

VI. -

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VII. -

VIII. -

Automatic sprinkler system Intended to detect, control and extinguish a fire, and warn the occupants of the occurrence of fire. The installation comprises fire pumps, water storage tanks, control valve sets, sprinkler heads, flow switches, pressure switches, pipework and valves. Automatic carbon dioxide extinguishing system This system consists of carbon dioxide cylinders, steel piping, discharge nozzles, heat and smoke detectors and a control panel, which monitors the space, activates both visual and audio alarms before releasing the gas.

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2.0 - PARTIES INVOLVED UNDER INSPECTION, TESTING AND COMMISSIONING ON ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM TO COMPLY WITH CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION AND COMPLIANCE (CCC). The CCC will be issued by the professional Architect or Professional Engineer who are register with the respective Board of Architect Malaysia (BAM) or Board of Engineer Malaysia(BEM) acting in the capacity of Principal Submitting Person(PSP). For buildings which require intensive design input, the Professional Architect will function as the PSP while the Professional Engineer will be PSP for projects with high engineering input in the nature. For bungalows which do not exceed 2 floors in height and 300 square meters in total built up floor area, the registered Building Draughtsman will be perform the role of PSP and will issue the CCC. This is in keeping with the Architect Act 1967. The CCC can only be issued when all the parties concerned are satisfied that the building construction have been supervised and completed in full compliance with the provisions of the law and technical conditions as imposed by the Local Authority(LA) in approving the Planning Permission and Building Plan. PSP is responsible to obtain clearance from 6 technical agencies that will do inspection, testing and commissioning on the building that is: Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia. Jabatan Kesihatan dan Keselamatan Pekerja(JKKP) Jabatan Kerja Raya(JKR)/Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan(PBT) Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Jabatan Perkhidmatan Pembentungan(JPP)/Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara(SPAN) Jabatan Bekalan Air(JBA)

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2.1 - FLOW CHART ISSUANCE OF CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE AND COMPLETION.

PROCESS A PROCESS B PROCESS C PROCESS D

Applicant submits B form

Applicant submits notice of completion of stage 1

Stage 1 (Substructure) (G1-G3)

Building / Engineering / Planning Department of PBT

OSC counter OSC counter Building Department at PBT

(A copy of PSPs notice submitted to related technical department)

Stage 2 and 3 Commencement of Construction LEGEND JBA JAB. BEKALAN AIR, JPP JAB. PERKHIDMATAN PEMBENTUNGAN, TNB TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD, JKKP JAB. KESIHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN PEKERJA, JKR JAB. KERJA RAYA, AT AGENSI TEKNIKAL, PBT PIHAK BERKUASA TEMPATAN, SPAN SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA, PSP 5 | P a g e SUBMITTING PERSON PRINCIPAL (superstructure and internal / external services) (G4-G21) (PSP continues to supervise construction work)

Jabatan Bomba JKKP JKR / PBT TNB JPP / SPAN JBA

PROCESS E OSC Counter PBT to submit non compliance/deviation report to OSC for OSC committees endorsement and instruction

PROCESS F

PROCESS G

OSC Counter PB/AT to submit non compliance/deviation report to OSC for OSC committees endorsement and instruction

Certified true copies of CCC and G forms submitted to professional board of PSP

Issuance of CCC with VP (for housing project)

Original copy of CCC submitted to developer/owner Certified true copies of CCC and G forms submitted to Building Department of PBT

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PROCESS A PROCESS OF COMMENCEMENT OF BUILDING WORKS AT THE SITE B form submitted after the building plan is approved and work on site to commence 4 days after the submission of B form.

PROCESS B PROCESS OF SUBMISSION OF PSPS NOTICE OF COMPLETION OF STAGES CERTIFICATION TO OSC COUNTER PSP notifies to indicate progress of work on site PSP notifies once during the duration of construction work PSP is responsible to supervise construction phases, however PBT is allowed to conduct site visit at any stage of construction or after completion Certified G forms are in the custody of PSP

PROCESS C PROCESS OF SUBMISSION OF PSPs NOTICE TO PBT BY OSC COUNTER PSP will only submit notice of completion of stage 1 to OSC counter Construction work in stages 2 and 3 is supervised by PSP who is also to ensure G forms are duly signed G forms are downloadable from the following website: o www.lam.gov.my o www.Ijm.gov.my o www.pam.org.my o www.acem.com.my

PROCESS D PROCESS OF SITE VISITATION BY PBT Site visitation on owns inisiative, upon notification by PSP or upon complaint. Site visitation is not mandatory PSP is responsible to obtain clearances from 6 technical agencies

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PROCESS E PROCESS OF SUBMISSION OF NONCOMPLIANCE / DEVIATION REPORT TO OSC FOR ENDORSEMENT OF RECTIFICATION MEASURES BY OSC COMMITTEE OSC to inform PSP and PBT / AT on endorsement of rectification measures by OSC committee PSP to rectify noncompliance/deviation within 21 days after receipt of PBT notice or such further period granted PSP to issue notice comfirming rectification work satisfactority completed. Within 14 days PBT/AT should inspect failure which rectification deemed satisfactory completed PBT / AT to monitor rectification work PBT may carry out or cause to be carried rectification work if PSP fails and cost of rectification borne by owner Work on site progresses unless Stop Work order issued Work duly progresses if no non compliance / deviation identified

PROCESS F PROCESS OF ISSUANCE OF CCC CCC shall be issued by PSP : When technical conditions as per Kebenaran Merancang, Pelan Bangunan and G forms duly completed and complied with G forms duly endorsed and in order Essential services as per UUK 25(1) of UKBS 2007 have been provided For housing schemes subsection 20(1), of schedule G or subsection 23(1) of H schedule have been provided F form (Certificate of CCC) duly signed by PSP Serial F form may be obtained from the respective professional board of PSP

PROCESS G PROCESS OF DEPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS AFTER THE ISSUANCE OF CCC Original copy of CCC to be submitted to building owner or developer for housing Original copies of G forms in the custody of PSP Within 14 days after issuance of CCC PSP to deposit certified true copies of CCC and G forms to professional board and PBT concerned Copies of CCC may be obtained from the Professional boards or PBT concerned.

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3.0 - WHAT IS THE TYPICAL ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM INSTALLED IN MALAYSIA.

Active fire defense is basically the manual or automatic fire protection system such as Fire alarms Detectors (heat and smoke) rising mains Fire extinguisher Hose reels Dry riser Wet riser Fire telephones CO2 fixed installation Automatic sprinkler Down comer system Smoke spills system

This system is to give warning of an outbreak of fire and the containment and extinguishment of a fire. The provisions of adequate and suitable facilities to assist rescue and fire suppression are also within the active fire defense strategies. The overall fire defense strategies for development project in Malaysia are based on the Fire Safety Philosophy of the Malaysian Uniform Building By-Laws 1984 where life safety is the first consideration. The fire prevention and operational requirements for both external and internal fire suppression must be considered together. It must also be possible for the fire fighter to operate at any point in the buildings. Facilities must be built into the buildings to enable the fire fighter to reach the top-most floors and carry out rescue and internal fire suppression operations.

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4.0 - Active fire protection system requirement, Inspection, Testing and Commissioning. 4.1 - Portable Fire Extinguisher Portable fire extinguishers are intended for the occupants to use o extinguish a fire during its early stages before he fire gets out of control. There are four types of portable extinguishers for use against the appropriate class of fire. I. II. III. IV. Water type suitable for class A fires Dry powder type suitable for Class A, B and C fires Carbon dioxide type suitable for Class E electrical fires Foam type suitable for Class B flammable liquid fires

Under the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984, the requirement for fire extinguishers is stipulated under By-Law 227. Portable fire extinguishers should comply with the following Malaysian Standards: M.S.1179 : Specification for portable fire extinguishers M.S.1180 : Fire extinguishers media M.S.1181 : Recharging fire extinguishers M.S.1182 : Classification of fires

Inspection : Check to ensure that the extinguisher is in a proper location and that it is accessible (generally located along exit routes besides exit doors and staircase door). Inspect the discharge nozzle or horn for obstructions. Check for cracks and dirt or grease accumulations. Inspect extinguisher shell for any physical damage. Check to see if the operating instructions on the extinguisher nameplate are legible. Check the lock pins and tamper seals to ensure that the extinguisher has not been tampered with. Determine if the extinguisher is full of agent and fully pressurized by checking the pressure gauge, weighing the extinguisher, or inspecting the agent level. If an extinguisher is found to be deficient in weight by 10percent, it should be removed from service and replaced. Check the inspection tag for the date of the previous inspection, maintenance, or recharging. Examine the condition of the hose and its associated fittings.

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*Testing and commissioning are made by the manufacturer.

Fire extinguisher

Checked by JBPM

Pressure gauge

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4.2 - External Fire Hydrant Fire hydrant installation consists of a system of pipe work connected directly to the water supply mains to provide water to each and every hydrant outlet and is intended to provide water for the firemen to fight a fire. The water is discharged into the fire engine from which it is not reliable or inadequate, hydrant pumps should be provided to pressurize the fire mains. The requirement for fire hydrant is described under By-Laws 225(2) and 225(3) of the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984 and the relevant standards are as follows: B.S.5306 Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysian Standard M.S. 1395 : Specification for pillar hydrant

Pressurized Hydrant System Typical Arrangement Drawing Water supplies

Inspection: Incoming water supply connection Be refilled automatically from a water supply pipe capable of providing a minimum flowrate of 20 litres per sec. Capacity of water tanks The fire water storage tank should be sized for a minimum effective capacity of 18,000 litres.
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 Compartmentation of water tanks, and where applicable. Hydrant tank usually separate from other water storage tanks but may be combined with water storage tanks for other fire fighting systems. Breeching inlet. A 4 way breeching inlet should also be provided to enable the fire brigade to help refill the tank. Testing and Commissioning Pump operating pressure and flow rate The running pressure of not less than 4 bars or more than 7 bars, for any three hydrant outlets operating at the same time. Pump not overheating Pump room should be ventilated by natural or mechanical. Vibration and noise level Testing of electrical wiring system Alternative power supply for electric pumps Electrical cabling should be run in conduit or fire rated type of cable. Batteries for diesel pumps Should be maintenance free type. Fuel for diesel pumps Fuel supply should be adequate for minimum 2 hours operation. Hydrant and Accessories Pillar hydrant should comply with M.S. 1395 and located at not less than 6 metres from the building and not more than 30m away from the entrance to the building. Hydrant outlets are typically of twin or 3 outlets pillar type with an underground sluice valve. Where these are installed within the owners boundry, each should provided with 30m of 65mm diameter rubber lined hose, instantaneous coupling and nozzles, all housed within a steel cabinet beside the hydrant. Inspection: Spacing of the hydrant Hydrant are spaced at not more than 90 meters apart along access roads of minimum 6 meters in width and capable of withstanding a load of 26tons from fire brigade vehicles. Physical condition of hydrant, hoses and accessories. Hydrant hose usually rubber-lined, should be provided complete with nozzles at each outlet.

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Testing and Commissioning Pressure and flow characteristics. Capable of providing 1000 l/min of water at a minimum running pressure of 4 bars but not exceeding 7 bars. Pipe work Inspection: Types of pipes used The piping is usually of cement lined steel pipe. However, piping of Acrylonitrile Butadiece Styrene(ABS) material may also been used especially where corrosion is a major concern. Testing and Commissioning Hydrostatic testing and pipework - Locate leaks or verify performance and durability in pressure vessels. - tested to a pressure of 14 bars or 150% working pressure, whichever is the higher for 2 hours, measured at the furthest hydrant. Flushing of pipework - Hydrant flushing plays an important role in the operation and maintenance of a water distribution system. - Hydrant flushing also provides an opportunity to check the volume of water as well as pressure that is available at each hydrant. The hydrants mechanical operation is also checked to ensure it will be in working order when needed Fire Fighters depend on properly working hydrants with adequate pressure and water flow. A stuck or poor flowing hydrant could literally make the difference between life and death in an emergency situation.

External Fire Hydrant

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4.3 - Hose reels system Hose reel system is intended for the occupant to use during the early stages of a fire and comprises hose reel pumps, fire water storage tank, hose reels, pipe work and valves. The requirement for hose reel systems is detailed under the Tenth Schedule of the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984. The applicable standards for hose reel systems are as follow: BS 5306 Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysian Standard M.S. 1447 : Hose reels with semi-rigid hose Pr EN 694 : Semi-rigid hoses for first aid fixed installations.

Hose Reel System Typical Arrangement Drawing

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Water supplies Inspection: Capacity of water tanks The fire storage tank should be sized based on 2275 litres for the first hose reel and 1137.5litres for every additional hose reel up to a maximum of 9100litres for each system. Monitoring of water tank level. Vortex inhibitors for water tanks Pipe work Inspection: Types of pipes used Pipework for hose reel system is generally 50mm nominal diameter and the feed to individual hose reel should be not less than 25mm diameter. Should be galvanized steel medium grade (class B) minimum for above ground piping and heavy grade (class C) for underground piping. Protection of underground pipework Painting of pipework The pipes should be painted with primer and finished with red paint. Support for pipework Pipe sleeves Fire seal Testing and Commissioning Hydrostatic testing and pipework - Locate leaks or verify performance and durability in pressure vessels. Flushing of pipework - Pipe flushing is done to improve water quality at the tap, increase the efficiency of the system, and help to uncover potential problems with valves Hose reel and Accessories Inspection: Isolating valve for hose reel Physical condition of hose reel drum, hose, nozzles, etc The rubber hoses should be to pr EN 694 and are typically 30m in length and 25mm in diameter. Nozzles should be of the jet and spray adjustable type of different diameters but 8mm is a recommended size.

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Testing and Commissioning Hose reel performance test Each hose reel outlet is to discharge a minimum of 30 l/min of water within 6m of all parts of the space protected. Pumps Inspection: Protection of rotating parts of pump sets The hose reel pumps draw water from the fire water storage tank and two sets of pumps, one on duty and the other on standby, are provided. Mounting of pumps Testing and Commissioning Pump operating pressure and flow rate The pump capacity is usually sized to deliver a flow rate of 120 l/min at a running pressure of not less than 2 bars for any four hose reels operating at the same time. Pump not overheating Pump room should be ventilated by natural or mechanical. Testing of electrical wiring system Electrical cabling supply power to the hose reel pump should be run in galvanized steel conduit or fire rated type of cable. Alternative power supply for electric pumps Emergency generator Batteries for diesel engine should be maintenance free type.

Hose, Nozzle and Drum

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Boxes

Pump sets

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4.4 - Dry Riser System Dry riser are a form of internal hydrant for the firemen to use and are only required for building where the top-most floor is higher than 18.3 m and less than 30.5m above the fire appliance access level. Dry risers are normally dry and depend on the fire engine to pump water into the system. Dry riser system comprises a riser pipe with landing valves to each floor and to which rubber-linned hose with nozzles can be connected to direct the water jet at the fire. Breeching inlets into which the firemen pump water are provided at ground level and connected to the bottom of the dry risers In the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984, the By-Laws pertaining to dry risers are ByLaws 230 and 232. The relevant standards for dry risers are: B.S.5306 : Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysian Standard M.S,1210 : Part 2 Landing Valves for Dry Risers M.S.1210 : Part 3 Inlet Breeching for Riser Inlets M.S.1210 : Part 4 Boxes for Landing Valves for Dry Risers

Dry Riser System Typical Arrangement.

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Water supplies The fire brigade breeching inlet installed at the bottom of the riser should comply with M.S. 1210: Part 3. Where the breeching inlet is enclosed within a box, the enclosure should comply with M.S. 1210: Part 5 and labeled Dry Riser Inlet. A drain should be provided at the bottom of the riser to drain system after use. Inspection: Breeching inlet. Two way breeching inlet for a 100mm diameter 4 way breeching inlet for a 150mm diameter Located not more than 18m from the fire appliance access road and not more than 30m from the nearest external hydrant outlet. Landing Valves Landing valves are provided on each floor and should comply with M.S. 1210: Part 2. To protect the landing valves, boxes may be provided and these should comply with M.S 1210: Part 4. Inspection: Location of valves They are usually located within fire access lobbies, protected staircases or other protected lobbies, and installed at not more than 0.75m above the floor level. Caps for outlet of landing valves Pipework The riser pipe diameter usually located within the fire access lobby or staircase should be 150mm if the highest outlet is more than 23m above the breeching inlet. Otherwise, the riser pipe can be 100mm in diameter. Inspection: Types of pipes used The riser pipe shall be of galvanized iron to B.S 1387 (heavy gauge) or class C, tested to 21 bars. Protection of underground pipework Painting of pipework The pipes should be painted with primer and finished with red paint. Support for pipework Pipe sleeves Fire seal
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Testing and Commissioning Hydrostatic testing and pipework Locate leaks or verify performance and durability in pressure vessels. Tested to a pressure of 14 bars for 2 hours. Flushing of pipework Pipe flushing is done to improve water quality at the tap, increase the efficiency of the system, and help to uncover potential problems with valves

Boxes

Breeching Inlet

Landing Valve

Rubber Lined Hose and Box

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4.5 - Wet Riser System Wet risers are a form of internal hydrant for the firemen to use and are always charged with water. Wet risers are only required for buildings where the topmost floor is higher than 30.5m above the fire appliance access level. Wet riser system comprises duty fire pump with standby pump discharging into a 150mm diameter riser pipe with landing valves at each floor and to which rubberlinned hose with nozzles can be connected to direct the water jet at the fire. A jockey pump is usually provided to maintain system pressure. For high rise buildings, each stage of the wet riser should not exceed 71m. The requirements for wet riser systems are described under By-Laws 231, 232 and 248 of the Uniform Building By-Law 1984 and the applicable standards are: B.S 5306 : Part 1, or equivalent Malaysian Standard M.S. 1210 : Part 1 Landing Valves for wet risers M.S. 1210 : Part 3 Inlet Breeching for riser Inlets M.S. 1210 : Part 4 Boxes for Landing Valves for Dry risers

Wet Riser System Typical Arrangement.

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Water supplies Inspection: Capacity of water tanks The fire water storage tank should be sized for a minimum effective capacity of 45,500 litres with automatic refill rate of 455 l/min. The intermediate break tank for upper stages of the wet riser should be not less than 11,375 litres with an automatic make up flow of 1365 l/min. Compartmentation of water tanks The wet riser tanks may be located on the ground floor, first or second basement. It usually separated from other water storage tanks. But it may be combined with hose reel tank, in which case the tank capacity should be the total sum of water storage for both system. Monitoring of water tank level. Ball float valves, overflow pipes, drain pipes and water level indicator should be provided for each component. Vortex inhibitors for water tanks Breeching inlet. The breeching inlet should be a 4 way type complying with M.S. 1210: Part 3. Where the breeching inlet is enclosed within a box, the enclosure should comply with M.S. 1210: Part 5 and labeled Wet Riser Inlet. Landing Valves and Accessories To protect the landing valves, boxes can be provided and these should comply with M.S.1210: Part 4. Inspection: Location of landing valve Landing valves are provided on each floor and should comply with M.S.1210: Part 1. They are usually located within fire fighting access lobbies, protected staircases or other protected lobbies and installed at not more than 0.75m from the floor. Storage of fire hose and accessories Physical condition of fire hose, accessories and landing valve Fire hose of the rubber lined type of not less than 38mm dia. 30m in length, complete with 65mm dia. quick coupling, jet and spray nozzle should be provided in a hose cradle beside each landing valve. Caps for outlet of landing valves

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Testing and Commissioning Pressure at landing valve outlet. Should not be less than 4 bars but not more than 7 bars. Two types of landing valve that is pressure reducing type with or without relief outlet. Flow rate of water. Three way landing valve should be provided on the top most floor for testing purposes. Its to measure the flow rate. Pipework Inspection: Types of pipes used Where more than one riser is required for each floor, the distance apart between the lowest and topmost landing valve in any riser should galvanized iron to B.S 1387 (Heavy gauge) or Class C. where a relief pipe is required, this return pipe shall be minimum 100mm dia. galvanized iron to B.S 1387 (medium gauge) or Class B, discharging back to the wet riser tank wherever possible. An air release valve should be installed at the top of riser to relieve air trapped in the system. Protection of underground pipework Painting of pipework The pipes should be painted with primer and finished with red paint. Support for pipework Pipe sleeves Fire seal Testing and Commissioning Hydrostatic testing and pipework Locate leaks or verify performance and durability in pressure vessels. Flushing of pipework Pipe flushing is done to improve water quality at the tap, increase the efficiency of the system, and help to uncover potential problems with valves Pumps The wet riser pumps draw water from wet riser storage tank and two sets of pumps, one is duty and the other on standby, are provided. Inspection: Protection of rotating parts Mounting of pumps
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Testing and Commissioning Pump operating pressure and flow rate The pump capacity is usually sized to deliver a flow rate of 1500 l/min at a running pressure of not less than 4 bars but not more than 7 bars, when any three landing valves are in use at the same time. Pump not overheating Pump room should also be ventilated by natural or mechanical means and to be provided with necessary signage. Vibration and noise level Provided room or protect with curtain. Testing of electrical wiring system Electrical cabling to supply power to the wet riser pumps should be of mineral insulated copper core (MICC) or fire rated type. Alternative power supply for electric pumps Emergency generator. Batteries for diesel pumps Should be free maintenance type. Fuel for diesel pumps Should be adequate minimum 2 hours of continous operation. Automatic operation of pumps

Pump sets

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Landing Valve

Breeching Inlet

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4.6 - Downcomer System Downcomers are also a form of internal hydrant for the firemen to use and are always charged with water from a water from a water tank located at the top of a building but without any pumps. Downcomers are only permitted for private residential buildings with open balcony approach and where the topmost floor is not higher than 60m above the fire appliance access level and should be adopted for low cost flats only. Downcomer system comprises a high level water storage tank discharging into a 150mm diameter riser pipe with landing valves at each floor and to which rubber lined hose with nozzles can be connected to direct the water jet at the fire. No pumps are provided and therefore the system pressure is limited to the static pressure only. The section in the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984, relating to downcomer systems is the Tenth Schedule and relevant standards for downcomer systems are : M.S 1210 : Part 1 Landing Valves for Wet Risers M.S 1210 : Part 3 Inlet Breeching for Riser Inlets M.S 1210 : Part 4 Boxes for Landing Valves for Dry Risers

Water supplies Inspection: Capacity of water tanks The fire water storage tank should be sized for a minimum effective capacity of 45,500 litres. Compartmentation of water tanks, and where applicable. Located at the roof Separate with other tank, however it may be combined with hose reel tank in which case the tank capacity should be sum total of water storage for both system. Breeching inlet. The fire brigade breeching inlets into which the firemen pump water are provided at the bottom of the riser at the ground floor so that the firemen can pump water into the downcomer system. The breeching inlet should be a 4 way type complying with M.S. 1210: Part 3. Where the breeching inlet is enclosed within a box, the enclosure should comply with M.S. 1210: Part 5 and labeled Downcomer Inlet. A drain should be provided at the bottom of the riser to drain the system after use.
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Testing and Commissioning Flow rate and pressure of water supplies Automatic refill rate of 455 l/min.

Landing Valves and Accessories Two sets of fire hose of the rubber lined type of not less than 38mm dia., 30m in length, complete with 65mm dia. quick coupling, jet and spray nozzle should be provided at the caretakers unit or management office. Inspection: Location of landing valves Landing valves are provided on each floor and should comply with M.S 1210: Part 1. They are usually located within fire fighting access lobbies, protected staircase or other protected lobbies and installed at not more than 0.75m from the floor. To protect the landing valves, boxes can be provided and these should comply with M.S.1210 : Part 4. Storage of fire hose and accessories Located at caretaker unit or management office. Physical condition of fire hose, accessories and landing valve. Caps for outlet of landing valves Pipework The downcomer mains are usually located within smoke free lobbies or protected areas and such that each downcomer should cover no more than 900m2 of floor area. Where more than one riser is required for each floor, the distance apart between the risers should not exceed 60m. Inspection: Types of pipes used The riser pipe diameter should be 150mm galvanized iron to B.S.1387(heavy gauge) or Class C. an air release valve should be installed at the top of the riser to relieve air trapped in the system. Painting of pipework Coated with primer and finished with red gloss paint. Support for pipework

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Testing and Commissioning Hydrostatic testing and pipework Pressure at 14 bars or 150% the working pressure, whichever is the higher for 2 hours, measured at the inlet and check is carried out for leakage at the joints and landing valve connections. Locate leaks or verify performance and durability in pressure vessels. Flushing of pipework Pipe flushing is done to improve water quality at the tap, increase the efficiency of the system, and help to uncover potential problems with valves

Water tank

rubber lined hose

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4.7 - Automatic Sprinkler System An automatic sprinkler system is intended to detect, control and extinguish a fire, and warn the occupants of the occurrence of fire. The installation comprises fire pumps, water storage tanks, control valve sets, sprinkler heads, flow switches, pressure switches, pipework and valves. The system operates automatically without human intervention. The sprinkler head has a liquid filled glass filled glass bulb that breaks due to the heat of the fire and releases water that sprays over the fire. Under the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984, By-Laws 226 and 228 refer to the requirements for sprinkler systems. The accepted standards for automatic sprinkler installation are: LPC Rules for Automatic Sprinklers, U.K B.S 5306 : Part 2 Specification for Sprinkler systems

In addition to the above, the other standards may be accepted by the Fire and Rescue Department Malaysia but prior approval must be obtained. Some of the standards which have been accepted are: NFPA 13 Australian Std A.S. 2118 Factory Mutual

Sprinkler System Typical Arrangement.

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Water supplies Inspection: Capacity of sprinkler tanks. Storage of sprinkler tank not dependent on inflow should have a minimum effective capacity depending on the hazard classification and the height of the lowest to the highest sprinkler not exceeding as defined in B.S 5306 : Part 2. Compartmentation of sprinkler tanks The nominal pressure and flow requirements depend on the height measured between the topmost and bottommost sprinkler head. Monitoring of water tank level. Vortex inhibitors for water tanks Protection of rotating parts of pump sets The sprinkler pumps draw water from sprinkler storage tank to feed the sprinkler network. Two sets of pumps, one on duty and the other on standby, are provided together with a jockey pump to maintain system pressure. Mounting of pump sets. Breeching inlet. Breeching inlets are provided so that the firemen can pump water into the sprinkler tank to make up for water used. The breeching inlet should be a 4 way type complying with M.S.1210: Part 3. Where the breeching inlet is enclosed within a box, the enclosure should comply with M.S.1210: Part 5 and labeled Sprinkler Inlet. Testing and Commissioning Pump operating pressure and flow rate Sprinkler pump capacity should be selected to meet the duties defined in B.S.5306 : Part 2 for the various classes of hazards. Pump not overheating Should be ventilated by natural or mechanical means. Vibration and noise level Provide room or seal with curtain. Testing of electrical wiring system Electrical cabling to supply power to sprinkler pumps should be of mineral insulated copper core (MICC) or fire rated type routed within areas with low fire risk. Alternative power supply for electric pumps Emergency generator Batteries for diesel pumps
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 Should be free maintenance type. Fuel for diesel pumps Fuel supply should be adequate for minimum 4 hours of continuous operation for Ordinary Hazard and 6 hours for High Hazard applications. Automatic operation of pumps Sprinkler Heads Inspection: Area of coverage Maximum and minimum distance between sprinkler Maximum and minimum distance between from walls/partitions Distance from beams, columns and other obstructions Obstruction below sprinklers Depth and combustibility of ceiling void Clear space below sprinklers Physical condition of sprinkler heads Sprinkler heads are generally of the conventional pendant or upright type. Temperature rating of sprinkler heads The temperature rating of the bulb is selected based on minimum 30C above the maximum ambient temperature of the space protected. Typically, this will result in a nominal temperature rating of 68C. in kitchen areas, the sprinkler heads should have a temperature rating of 79C. Sprinkler guards Spare sprinklers and sprinkler spanners Pipework Inspection: Types of pipes used Sprinkler pipework shall be of black steel or galvanized iron to B.S.1387 (Medium gauge) Class B minimum while underground pipework should be heavy gauge of Class C. Pipes of sizes 80mm and below should be installed with screw joints and only pipes 100mm and above may be welded. Welding procedures and materials shall be in accordance with B.S.2640 and B.S.2971 and should be carried out by qualified welders.

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Radiographic tests should be carried out where doubts exist. Alternatively, mechanical grooved coupling can be used for jointing for all pipe sizes up to 250mm. Protection of underground pipework Painting of pipework Coated with primer and finished with red gloss paint. Number of sprinklers installed on range and distribution pipes. Pipe hangers and supports for pipework Pipe sleeves Fire seal Flow switches Total length of pipework between alarm valve and water alarm gong

Testing and commissioning Flushing of pipework Pipe flushing is done to improve water quality at the tap, increase the efficiency of the system, and help to uncover potential problems with valves Spray pattern of sprinkler Alarm gong operating Flow switches test Each zone should be tested by opening the isolation valve on the test line. The flow switch for that zone should indicate an alarm on the fire alarm panel. Zone monitoring (tamper switch) Static pressure test The system should first be flushed to clear all debris from the inside of the riser. The riser is then hydraulically tested to a pressure of 14 bars or 150% the working pressure, whichever is the higher for 24hours. Locate leaks or verify performance and durability in pressure vessels.

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Boxes

Flow switch

Types of sprinkler head

Sprinkler guard

Size of sprinkler head

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4.8 - Automatic Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing System Carbon Dioxide extinguishing system consists of carbon dioxide cylinders, steel piping, discharge nozzles, heat and smoke detector and a control panel, which monitors the space, activates both visual and audio alarms before releasing the gas. The carbon dioxide is discharged after a time delay upon detection of fire to warn any occupant to evacuate the room. Such system is usually provided for electrical transformer rooms, swicthrooms and standby generator rooms and should not be installed for rooms, which are normally occupied. The relevant clause in the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984, relating to carbon dioxide extinguishing systems is By-Law 235 and the applicable standard is: NFPA 12

Carbon Dioxide Extinguisher System Typical Arrangement. Cylinders All cylinders supplying the same manifold outlet for distribution of agent should be interchangeable and of one selected size. Inspection:

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 Capacity of cylinders A reliable means of indication by weighing should be provided to determine the amount of gas in the cylinders. The Carbon Dioxide gas is stored in cylinders designed to hold the gas in liquefied form at ambient temperatures. Cylinders should be suitable for a working pressure of 59 bars at 21C and pressure tested at 228 bars. Where more than three cylinders are required, Pilot cylinders A pilot cylinder should be provided to active the discharge from each cylinder. Location of cylinders Gas cylinders should be located outside of the hazard which it protects wherever possible. However, the risk of vandalism should also be taken into consideration. Flexible hoses Safety valve Support bracket Weighing facility Each system should have a permanent name plate specifying the number, filling weight and the pressurization level of the cylinders. Pipework Inspection: Types of pipes used The material of piping and fittings, etc. for the installation of the system must be of non-combustible heat resisting and must have capacity to maintain its own shape in room temperature during the outbreak of fire. All piping should be of API Schedule 40/80 steel pipe. Flexible piping, tubing or hoses (including connection) where used should be able to withstand the pressure ratings. Painting of pipework Support for pipework Pipe sleeves Fire seal Nozzles Testing and commissioning Pneumatic testing of pipework Pneumatic leak testing at low pressure followed by hydraulic pressure testing

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Due to the inherent dangers associated with pneumatic testing using compressed air or inert gas, a responsible person must be in charge of this operation at all times. This person should direct the preparations and supervise the application of the test by working to a pre-prepared written plan based on the risk assessment. A written record of the test showing the system designed working pressure, the test pressure and duration should be kept and, at the conclusion of the test, this person must verify that the system is safely depressurised and ready for safe operation at the design working pressure. Pneumatic leak test procedure Ensure that all rooms through which the piping passes are cleared of people, then pressurise the system to the leak test pressure (normally 20mbar, but a pressure of up to 0.5bar could be used). Wait at least 10 minutes, checking the gauge for pressure drop, and if necessary walk the route of the piping under test checking for leaks using leak detecting fluid. Once the leak test is passed, release the air pressure slowly and then carry out the normal hydraulic test

Detectors The automatic detection is usually by means of either heat or smoke detectors. The detectors should be resistant to corrosion. Inspection: physical condition of detector conduit for all wiring Testing and commissioning Detector test Electrical wiring test Interfacing of detectors and control panel Panel The system control panel should indicate the operation of the system, hazrds to personnel, or failure of any supervised device and complying with M.S. 1404 and B.S. 7273. A positive alarm and indicator should be provided to show that the system has operated. Inspection: Protection of panel
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 Mounting of panel Testing and commissioning LED test 1 zone alarm test 2 zone alarm test Discharge test Fault test Connection to main fire alarm Accessories Alarm should be provided to give warning of a discharge or pending discharge where a hazard to personnel may exist. Alarms indicating failure of supervised devices or equipment should give prompt and positive indication of any failure and should be distinctive from alarms indicating operationor hazardous conditions. Warning and instruction signs should be installed at entrances to and inside protected areas at prominent positions. Inspection: Flashing lights Tripping devices Signage Visible and audible alarms Electrical and mechanical manual activation. System The quantity of extinguishing agent should be sufficient to ensure rapid extinction of any fire in the protected areas and with adequate spare capacity. Test should go under: Testing and Commissioning Simulated automatic discharge test Simulated manual discharge test Actual discharge test Bracket support during actual discharge test

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Automatic Fire Curtain

Control panel and indicator lights

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Carbon Dioxide Cyclinder and Pilot cyclinder

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5.0 - Conclusion The Fire Services Act should not be read in isolation but reference should be made to other regulations enacted under this Act. Further reference must also be made to the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984, accepted relevant building codes and standards. For effective prosecution detail reference must also be made to latest version of the Evidence Act 1950, Criminal Procedure Code, Interpretation Act 1948 & 1967 and many other relevant Acts in Malaysia together with relevant case laws. The overall fire defense strategies for development project in Malaysia are based on the Fire Safety Philosophy of the Malaysian Uniform Building By-Laws 1984 where life safety is the first consideration. The fire prevention and operational requirements for both external and internal fire suppression must be considered together. It must also be possible for the fire fighter to operate at any point in the buildings. Facilities must be built into the buildings to enable the fire fighter to reach the top-most floors and carry out rescue and internal fire suppression operations. Certificate of completion and compliance (CCC) on the active fire protection system are the best method to make sure all the occupant safeties are taking care of in case of fire happen. If there are no CCC requirement the developer or contractor will not make sure the building is safe from fire and which the possibility of fire occur might be high and the safety of occupant cannot be guarantee.

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6.0 - Reference 1. Guide to fire protection in Malaysia, Chief editor Prof. Datuk Dr. Soh Chai Hock. 2. http://www.ukcopperboard.co.uk/literature/pdfs/Installation-Tips/Pressure-testingpiping-systems.pdf 3. http://www.pottersignal.com/training/presentations/wetpipesprinkler.html#11 4. http://nyail.com/fsd/real_wld.html 5. Siri Asas Kebombaan PENCEGAHAN KEBAKARAN, Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia 6. http://www.atslimited.com/hydrantflushing.asp

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ATTACHMENT

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