CHAPTER 8

REVIEW

629

(c) If a series is convergent by the Alternating Series Test, how do you estimate its sum?
8. (a) Write the general form of a power series.

(b) What is the radius of convergence of a power series? (c) What is the interval of convergence of a power series?
9. Suppose f x is the sum of a power series with radius of con-

(b) Write an expression for the Taylor series of f centered at a. (c) Write an expression for the Maclaurin series of f . (d) How do you show that f x is equal to the sum of its Taylor series? (e) State Taylors Inequality.
11. Write the Maclaurin series and the interval of convergence for

vergence R. (a) How do you differentiate f ? What is the radius of convergence of the series for f ? (b) How do you integrate f ? What is the radius of convergence of the series for x f x dx ?
10. (a) Write an expression for the nth-degree Taylor polynomial

each of the following functions. (a) 1 1 x (b) e x (c) sin x (d) cos x (e) tan 1x (f) ln 1

x x k. What is the

12. Write the binomial series expansion of 1

of f centered at a.

radius of convergence of this series?

True-False Quiz
Determine whether the statement is true or false. If it is true, explain why. If it is false, explain why or give an example that disproves the statement.
1. If lim n l a n 2. The series 3. If lim n l a n 4. If 5. If 6. If
n 1

11. If 12. If

1, then lim n l

0.

0, then n
sin 1

a n is convergent.

a n is divergent, then 2x 2. x2
1 3

a n is divergent. converges for all x,

is convergent.
1

13. If f x

x3

L, then lim n l a 2n cn cn

L.

then f 0

cn 6 n is convergent, then cn 6 n is convergent, then cn x n diverges when x

2 n is convergent. 6 n is convergent. 10.

14. If a n and bn are divergent, then a n

bn is divergent.

15. If a n and bn are divergent, then a n bn is divergent. 16. If a n is decreasing and a n

6, then it diverges when x 1 n3 1 n!

0 for all n, then a n is 1 n a n converges. 1, then lim n l a n 0.

7. The Ratio Test can be used to determine whether

convergent.
17. If a n 18. If a n

converges.
8. The Ratio Test can be used to determine whether

0 and

a n converges, then an
1

converges.
9. If 0 10.
n 0

0 and lim n l 1

an

an 1 n!
n

bn and 1 e

bn diverges, then

a n diverges.

19. 0.99999 . . . 20. If lim a n

nl

2, then lim a n
nl

an

0.

Exercises
17 Determine whether the sequence is convergent or divergent. 8. A sequence is dened recursively by the equations a 1

If it is convergent, nd its limit.

1. a n

2 1 n 1
3

n3 2n 3

2. a n

9n 1 10 n cos n ln n sn 2

1, a n 1 1 a n 4 . Show that a n is increasing and a n 2 3 for all n. Deduce that a n is convergent and nd its limit.

918 Determine whether the series is convergent or divergent. 9.

n 1

3. a n

4. a n

n n
3

10.
n 1

n2 n3 1 sn ln

1 1
n

5. a n 7.

n sin n n2 1 3n
4n

6. a n

11.
n 1

n3 5n 1 nsln n

12.
n 1

1 n 3n 1

13.
n 2

14.
n 1

Graphing calculator or computer with graphing software required

630

CHAPTER 8

INFINITE SEQUENCES AND SERIES

15.
n 1

n 1

sn n 1 2n 5 n n! 1

16.
n 1

cos 3n 1.2

35. Find the Taylor series of f x

n

sin x at a cos x at a

6. 3.

36. Find the Taylor series of f x

17.
n 1

1 3 5

18.
n 1

5 2n 2 n n 9

37 44 Find the Maclaurin series for f and its radius of conver-

1922 Find the sum of the series. 19.

n 1

gence. You may use either the direct method (denition of a Maclaurin series) or known series such as geometric series, binomial series, or the Maclaurin series for e x, sin x, and tan 1x.
20.
n 0

3n 2 3n tan
1

1 3
2n

2n !

37. f x 39. f x 41. f x 43. f x

x2 1 ln 4 sin x 4
4 1 s16

x x

38. f x 40. f x 42. f x

tan xe 2x 10 x 1

x2

21.
n 1

n e2 2!

1 e3 3!

tan 1n e4 4!

22. 1

44. f x

3x

23. Express the repeating decimal 1.2345345345 . . . as a

fraction.
24. For what values of x does the series 25. Find the sum of the series
n 1 1

ln x n converge?

45. Evaluate y

ex dx as an innite series. x x 4 dx correct to two deci-

mal places.

n 1

1n n5

1 46. Use series to approximate x0 s1

correct to four deci-

mal places.
47 48

26. (a) Find the partial sum s5 of the series

1 n 6 and estimate the error in using it as an approximation to the sum of the series. (b) Find the sum of this series correct to ve decimal places.
n 1

27. Use the sum of the rst eight terms to approximate the sum of

the series n 1 2 approximation.

5n

. Estimate the error involved in this nn is convergent. 2n ! 0.

(a) Approximate f by a Taylor polynomial with degree n at the number a. (b) Graph f and Tn on a common screen. ; (c) Use Taylors Inequality to estimate the accuracy of the approximation f x Tn x when x lies in the given interval. ; (d) Check your result in part (c) by graphing Rn x .
47. f x

sx , sec x,

a a

1,

3, 2,

0.9 0

x x

1.1 6

28. (a) Show that the series

n 1

48. f x

0, n

(b) Deduce that lim

nl

n 2n !
n 1

49. Use series to evaluate the following limit.

29. Prove that if the series

an is absolutely convergent, then n 1 n an

xl0

the series
n 1

lim

sin x x x3

is also absolutely convergent.

3033 Find the radius of convergence and interval of convergence

50. The force due to gravity on an object with mass m at a

height h above the surface of the earth is F mtR 2 R h

of the series.
30.
n 1 n

1 2 x n

xn n2 5n 2 2!
n

31.
n 1

x 2 x sn
n

2 n 4n

32.
n 1

33.
n 0

3 3

34. Find the radius of convergence of the series

n 1

2n ! n x n! 2

where R is the radius of the earth and t is the acceleration due to gravity. (a) Express F as a series in powers of h R. (b) Observe that if we approximate F by the rst term in the series, we get the expression F mt that is usually used when h is much smaller than R. Use the Alternating Series Estimation Theorem to estimate the range of values of h for which the approximation F mt is accurate to within one percent. (Use R 6400 km.)