Sie sind auf Seite 1von 3

Trends of Milk and Meat Production in Pakistan

MUHAMMAD FARRUKH HAFEEZ 2011-ag-648

Introduction
Pakistan is primarily an agricultural based country and Livestock plays a pivotal role in its economy by providing essential items of human diet in the form of milk, meat etc. At present, livestock is contributing about 55.1 per cent of agricultural value added and 11.5 per cent to the GDP. Foreign earnings of the livestock sector exceed 35 billion rupees annually. It also provides wool, hair, hide, skin, blood, bones, and farmyard manure and is a principal source of motive power for cultivation and rural transport. The role of livestock in rural economy may be assessed by the fact that 30 to 35 million of the total rural population is engaged in livestock related activities, having household holdings of 2 to 3 cattle / buffalo and 5 to 6 sheep and goats per family, deriving 30 to 40 per cent of income from it. These animals produced 29.472 million tones of milk during 2004-05 besides providing 1.115 million tons of beef and 0.740 million tones of mutton. The role of Livestock is also important to convert crop residues, agricultural byproducts and wastes into milk, meat, wool, hair etc. In this regard especially buffalo can efficiently convert poor roughages into valuable products, like meat and milk. Otherwise these by-products and wastes would lead to an increase in environmental pollution, which is the most serious issue at present.

Trend of Milk Production


According to the Economic Survey of Pakistan 2010-2011 current production of milk is 46,440/ 1000 Tons. Buffalo milk contributes 66 per cent; Cattle milk 33 per cent and 3 per cent milk from small ruminants goat and sheep. From 1981-2003, the milk production is consistently increasing with varying rate Average increase of milk for five years is 31.7 per cent. Maximum increase in milk is noticed from 199196.The milk quantity increase from 14736 to 23580 metric tons, 60 per cent increase in milk of the base production in 1991. The increase in buffalo milk was due to the maximum growth rate of the buffalo population. Minimum increase in milk is noticed from 1996-01. 11 per cent increase in milk of the base production in 1996. The decrease in milk production as compared to the 1991 was due the drought condition in the country, low availability of quality fodders and water. Share of Buffalo milk remain higher till 1991, and it was almost 70 per cent but in 1991-96, it decreases to 65.4 per cent.

In 1991, cow milk contributes 25 per cent but in 1996, it increases to 32.2 per cent. The increase in cattle milk was due to the increase in trends cross bred cattle.

Per capita availability of Milk


Per capita availability of milk from 1981-91 was 12.8 lit/person/year. From 1991-01 the per capita availability of milk increases to 41.2 lit/person/year. This increase was not because of increase in yield per animal but it was because of slow growth rate of human population from 2.0 to 2.6 % increase in population. Secondly, it was because of increase in no of animal.

Trend of Meat Production


Meat is use as human diet because of its high nutritional value, good palatability and availability in all season. Meat is classified as red meat and white meat. Meat animal in Pakistan are cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat and camel. There is no specific beef breed for meat production in Pakistan. Male calf of all breeds regardless of age and body condition is slaughtered. All old diseased and culled animals are slaughtered. Presently total meat produced is 3,095 thousand tons. Red meat produced is 1.81 million ton per annum out of this beef contribution is 1.087 million tons and mutton contribution is 0.723 million ton, it means beef contribution is 60% and mutton contribution is 40%. From the year 1981-2001 the meat production increases from 0.656 to 1.445 million ton. Maximum average increase in meat in recorded from 1981-86 that is 12.7% secondly from199196 is 4.7% it is because of maximum growth rate of buffalo population. Minimum average meat increase in noticed from 1986-91 that is 1.4% meat is increased from that of base 1986 it was because of low cattle population available for slaughtering. From 19962001 the average increase in meat remain constant.

Per capita availability of meat


In 2002, per capita availability of meat was 18.9kg per year and daily 52 grams. The availability of meat increase during 80s and then decrease because of draught condition in the country. The increase was due to constant increase in number of animal available for slaughtering 1986-91.

Problems
Malpractices, such as use of oxytocin and BST for milk letdown result in infertility in animals due to this elite cattle and buffalo are sold to butchers for slaughtered that result in decrease in population of high producing animals Genetic potential: our animal has no good genetic potential. Sahiwal cattle are good milk producing animal but due to crossbreeding the pure sahiwal breed is limited.

Improper management: there no proper system in storage of surplus milk in Pakistan due to which surplus milk is wasted. No proper management for quality fodder production. Government policies: Lack of govt. interest in livestock is disaster.

Conclusion
Pakistan is 4th milk producing country in world but because of improper management facilities. Surplus milk is wasted and Pakistan is importing from other country to fulfill its needs.

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen