Volume 1

TEACHER'S GUIDE

TEACHER S GUIDE

dande

lion

ELEMENTS of WORD WEB

and their symbols
Awesome Application: A word in another language showing a commonality of roots Bonus Blast: A long word composed of many word parts, such as lithonephrotomy (litho/nephr/otomy) Cool Connection: A word not usually recognized as being related to a particular word stem Delve Deeper: An indication of words or subjects that can be explored further to obtain either more information or a graphic Featured Fact: Instead of just an illustrative sentence, a real fact Idiom: A speech form or expression that cannot be understood from the individual meanings of its elements, as in couch potato Literary Link: A quotation that shows an application of a word Periodical Pearl: An example of a word found in a headline or subhead in a newspaper, magazine, journal or catalog - any form of periodical literature Real World Word: One of many words, usually in a sequence, that relates to our visual world, including acronyms; sports team names; car, van and truck names; foreign words in common English usage; architectural terms; idioms; colors and patterns; cooking and food terms; election-related words Root-and-Branch Week: An entire week devoted to one megaword and its many ramifications Super Sentence: Sentence containing several of the years words combined in a sensible and creative manner Teaching Tip: For students, a warning about tricky spelling or pronunciation; for teachers, a teachimg tip or a reminder to monitor students participation Think Link: A question that encourages and challenges students to think creatively; may be used as a springboard for classroom discussions or left for students to work out on their own Wicked Word of the Week: One of many words that are interesting, useful and fun to learn Whats In a Product Name? Whats In a (Product) Name?: The connection between word stems and commercial products

Teachers Guide, Volume I

by Elinor Miller, M.Ed.

Published by:

Language is the dress of thought. Samuel Johnson

Word Web Vocabulary, subsidiary of Sage Education Enterprises, Inc.

Box 437 Cummaquid, MA 02637 www.seepub.com

ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Elinor Miller was a classroom teacher for more than twenty years before she founded The Banner School, a private nondenominational elementary and middle school, in Frederick, Maryland. As a curriculum specialist, she was responsible for the schools receiving many grants and statewide recognition for its interdisciplinary curriculum and its social studies and science programs. Among her successful and effective programs at The Banner School, Elinor built the foundation for Word Web Vocabulary. In each volume, Elinor demonstrates her knowledge of wildlife, as well as her love for the varied terms she has designated as Real World Words. She is also a freelance writer whose materials on education, parenting and birdwatching appear in numerous publications.

Copyright 1997 by Elinor Miller, M.Ed.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems - without permission of the publisher.

Designed by Elinor Miller Manufactured in the United States of America

Word Web Vocabulary, its author, and any development sub-contractor do not claim any ownership interest in any trademarks used in this publication except Word Web Vocabulary. ISBN: 1-69 29 27-00-4

Dear Language Arts Teacher: We, the designers of Word Web Vocabulary, are pleased that you will be using our program. You will quickly realize that Word Web is not a new subject to be added to an already filled curriculum but instead is the catalyst that will integrate and reinforce the contents of your Language Arts curriculum from the elements of style, mechanics, spelling, grammar, figures of speech and research to the correlation of words and concepts to literature regardless of the grade level(s) of your students. In addition, we believe Word Web will excite you and your students through its many graphics, special features and connections to the real world.

UNDERSTANDING THE CONTENTS

Six lessons comprise a chapter, the first five of which introduce new words, while the sixth is a review. Each lesson lasts one week. Therefore, the six chapters in each volume cover thirty-six weeks, the length of most school years. The words related to a root or affix are at multiple levels and are coded. You and each student (and perhaps the students parents) decide the level at which he or she should work. The inside front cover of each book explains symbols used throughout the volume.

MANAGING EACH LESSON (see flow chart that follows)

At the start of the week and before students open their workbooks, display the upcoming prefix, root or suffix on the blackboard. Elicit words from your students that are related to this word stem; write them on the board. Then have students turn to their books to see how many words they already connect to the word stem. Allow time for students to peruse the words that are defined and to add any new words to the web. On the second day, clarify and elaborate more fully on the weeks word stem; then introduce and discuss the Real World Word. Confer about Think Link and Periodical Pearl suggestions. Allocate whatever time you can for sentence writing. Walk around the room to look over work in progress, making comments and marking any errors you find (see Correcting and Grading Students Work below). On the third day, repeat the process with the Wicked Word of the Week; and on the fourth day, introduce the science or social studies word. Regarding the latter, every subject in the school curriculum has its own vocabulary and therefore speaks its own language. Unless you are managing a completely self-contained classroom, maintain regular contact with content area specialists in science and social studies, so that you can provide lexical support for their topics, which in Word Web Vocabulary is the fourth word of the week. Students enter these words into their workbooks in the space provided and utilize them in their sentence writing. (If the science and social studies teachers are unable to provide you with relevant words, Sage Education Enterprises has a supplement of annotated science and social studies words.) Starting with lesson 7, you will find spelling words for all grade levels that are frequent demons. Students should incorporate these words into their writing, and you may decide to dictate sentences that contain these words as part of the chapter review. On the fifth day review all the weeks words; elicit sentences from students, especially Super Sentences; ask for research and Periodical Pearl discoveries; discuss Think Links; monitor sentence writing. Designate class time during the review lesson at the end of each chapter for the correcting and finishing of sentences and answers to Think Links.
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STRUCTURING SENTENCE WRITING

At the years outset, indicate the number of sentences you want your students to write for each word according to their abilities and previous experience with Word Web Vocabulary. Generally, first graders, during the first half of the year, construct sentences orally with the teacher who then writes them on the board. As students gain proficiency in writing, they copy these into their workbooks. Most first graders can begin independent sentence writing during the second half of the year. In second grade, most students are able to write two sentences from their choice of the week's word web; in third grade, three sentences; and in fourth through twelfth, four sentences. Students also write sentences for each Real World Word and Wicked Word of the Week. Require students to incorporate words from previous weeks in the current week's sentences, as this type of continuous review is one of the key reasons why students will learn these words. When writing their sentences, students should use various forms of each word. For example, if "aud-," meaning to hear, were the root, then students would construct sentences using audible, inaudible, audience, auditory, etc. This basic etymology will teach students how to decode unknown words. For Wicked Words, they should use verbs in different tenses, or utilize a noun form, adjective or adverb. You can best decide whether the answers to Think Links count toward the number of required sentences. As the school year progresses, you may be able to increase the number of sentences you expect your students to write. Set aside some time in class for sentence writing and assign some as homework. Older students who have never been required to do much writing previously may balk at writing vocabulary sentences. You know, however, that this provision is essential for many reasons that reach beyond the learning of vocabulary words. It is discipline, as well as an on-going opportunity to apply all skills learned in other language arts lessons (see introductory paragraph above). Students may incorporate their week's spelling words, if applicable, into their vocabulary sentences. Encourage students to use word processors or typewriters.

CORRELATING THE MANY FACETS OF LANGUAGE ARTS

You, through your students weekly sentence writing and answers to Think Links, must take the opportunity to reinforce, at the appropriate grade level: Grammar and usage [parts of speech, including agreement of pronouns and antecedents; sentence parts, including agreement of subject and verb; clauses and phrases; simple, compound and complex sentences; sentence types (declarative, interrogative, imperative, exclamatory)]; mechanics (spelling, capitalization, punctuation, uses of apostrophes); types of writing (narrative, expository, descriptive, persuasive); figures of speech (similes, metaphors, personification); inquiry and analysis. Review various types of reference material theyll need for Think Links and other research. Utilize the spelling demons as reinforcement or challenges. To broaden your students horizons, help them connect vocabulary words with attributes of characters in literature (Scrooge, Cinderella, Achilles, Falstaff, Robinson Crusoe) and history (George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Davy Crockett, Daniel Boone, King Arthur) with whom they are familiar. Require students to make such analogies in their sentence writing.

CORRECTING AND GRADING STUDENTS WORK

The burden on you, of course, is correcting your students work. Without your feedback, their learning will suffer. Encourage parents to look over their children's sentences each week and help them with corrections. Be sure to indicate mechanical errors. Consider giving two grades for each set of sentences: One for the content, the other for the mechanics. This information is very useful when conferring with parents and for report cards.
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The designers of Word Web Vocabulary suggest grading each sentence with a 5 (highest), 4, 3, 2, or 1 according to the level of thought and effort the sentence shows. For instance, a sentence such as, A marina is a boats parking place is a 3 or 4" and is better than, I saw a marina, which is only a 1. The mariner on board the submarine used to be a discus thrower in the Olympics" is a 5, as well as a Super Sentence. (See Super Sentences below.)

USING SPECIAL ELEMENTS

THINK LINKS AND DELVE DEEPER: (See inside of front cover for definitions of these elements.) Both of these elements provide opportunities for students to use critical thinking and research skills, be they in a dictionary, an atlas, an encyclopedia, an almanac or on the Internet. Use your discretion in deciding how your students should use Think Links and how you will judge their efforts. Choose one or two Think Links each week as springboards for general classroom discussion, after which students can write their own responses. Encourage all students to use these component regularly. SUPER SENTENCES: Encourage your students to write these sentences that combine several words from previous lessons in a sensible, not silly, way. (See examples below: The number after each sentence indicates the grade of the student who wrote the sentence; the boldly printed words were their vocabulary words, the underlined ones from previous lessons.) Read good examples aloud to the whole class. Post them on a bulletin board. Publish them in a newsletter. The Inca raised maize in the glen. (2) The angler had to forage for night crawlers. ( 3) The obese hooligan wore an argyle shirt instead of his plaids and tartans. ( 4) It took a lot of elbow grease for the hooligan to clean the fanlight. (5) While foraging through trash, the raccoon came upon a paisley glove. (6) The artificial heart is an innovation of the eighties. (7) The builders revitalized the church with an Ionic column. ( 8) PERIODICAL PEARLS: Regardless of their abilities and interests, students can further reinforce their word study by searching through newspapers and other periodical literature for Periodical Pearls, cutting these out or downloading them from the Internet, pasting them in their workbook and sharing them with the class. The surprising frequency of these words rewards and motivates students. Each marking period, collect their workbooks and give one point for each of these examples of word use. Set a minimum either for all students or for individuals. Be sure that you, too, bring Pearls to class! Should you ever feel that the management of vocabulary is taking too much of your time, remember that it is not a separate subject but one that complements and supplements all the elements of your language arts curriculum. The first year you use the Word Web Vocabulary will be like trying anything new. However, before long you will see the results both in your students' daily work and on their standardized test scores. You will know you are involved in a worthwhile experience.

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Teacher Flow Chart

DAY I: PREFIX ROOTS SUFFIX (FRI/MON)
Prefix,

Introduce Root, Suffix

Elicit Student Response

Discuss Think Links

DAY 2: REAL WORLD WORD (MON/TUES)

DAY 3: WICKED WORD OF THE WEEK (TUES/WED)

DAY 4: SCIENCE AND SOCIAL STUDIES WORDS

DAY 5: APPLICATION AND DISCUSSION

Introduce Word

General Classroom Discussion of TLs

Monitor Sentence Writing

Introduce

Discuss TL & Other Elements

Monitor Sentence Writing

Introduce

Discuss & Share TL & PP

Monitor Sentence Writing

Discuss All Words

Elicit Sentences, Internet Discoveries

Monitor Sentence Writing

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Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1, Teachers Edition

LESSON

CHAPTER 1

PREFIX: hemi-, semi-, demi--1

ASAP
-2

1. Prefix: A word part that is attached in front of a root word, such as dis- in disbelieve, to produce a specific meaning; Root: Part of a word that is the basis for broad meaning to which either a prefix or suffix, or both, is added (affixed); Suffix: A word part attached to the end of a root word 2. Acronym: A word formed from the initial letters of a name or by combining initial letters or parts of a series of words 3. Wicked Word of the Week: One essential to growth in language and literacy 4. Science or social studies word supplied by teacher

asset-3

__________

-4

LESSON

PREFIX: mono
WYSIWYG-2

-1

LESSON

PREFIX: uni--1
TGIF
-2

vital-3

thrifty-3

__________

-4

__________

-4

LESSON

PREFIX: biHOV
-2

-1

LESSON

PREFIX: di--1
SUNOCO-2

cascade-3

abate-3

__________

-4

__________

-4

Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1, Teachers Edition

Before the start of the first lesson, help students become familiar with Word Web Vocabulary and its components by studying the elements and their symbols on the inside of the cover with them. Read aloud with students the general instructions in their introduction. At this point, have students close their workbooks. Before introducing the first prefix to your students, familiarize them with the concept of prefixes, roots and suffixes, explaining that the origin of most of these is from either Latin or Greek.

Lesson 1
semiprofessional semiannual semiprecious

semipermeable hemisphere

demitasse semisweet semitrailer demi-pli

My own word

semiautomatic

semiretired

semi-, demihemi-

hemicycle

semifinal

semicircle

semiformal

My own word
semicolon

semimonthly

semiprivate

Allow students to practice with a common prefix semiweekly such as un- so that they can see its effect on a root demigod semiconscious word. Let them discover for themselves the meaning of un- (not): unaware, unprepared, uncaring, undue, unappetizing, hemidemisemiquaver etc. Solicit more un- 2 words from the class. If you feel they need more practice, go around the classroom asking each student to supply an un- prefix to alphabetical roots: unassuming, unbeknown, etc., or have groups create their own set of words.
beginner beginner intermediate intermediate intermediate advanced advanced challenge all levels

If you feel more work is necessary in this area, try dis-," which has several meanings (1. separation apart, asunder; 2. removal away, from; 3. negation undoing, reversal), as another example: disadvantage, disbelief, disqualify, disable, disobey, disarm, etc. If needed, continue with a third prefix, perhaps re-. With students keeping their workbooks closed, you are now ready to present semi-. Elicit as many words with this prefix from the class as they can produce. Repeat the process with demi- and hemi-." Now, students should open their workbooks. They will quickly see the words with which they are familiar. Go over any words that they did not suggest. Acquaint students with the symbols which indicate the various study levels.

Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1, Teachers Edition

For the first chapter, the challenging words are separated from the others so that they may seem less overwhelming to any insecure student. Solicit other sentences from students for each of the words. This week will go more slowly than it will in the future. Discuss the Bonus Blast and encourage students to try this out on a friend or family member. Explain about the Think Link symbol (the image of Rodins sculpture called The Thinker). Open Think Links to classroom discussion. Give students, especially those who are reluctant, ideas on how they can answer the questions. Explain your expectations for students responsibility for Think Links. Think Link #1 appears at the intermediate level, but students at both the beginner and advanced levels should try to answer it, too. (Answers to Think Links appear at the end of each chapter.)

semi-, demi-, hemi-: prefixes for one-half, partly

semi- (L) (all are adjectives unless otherwise indicated) semiannual (half + year): Occurring or issued twice (each half of) a year. The teachers held their semiannual party. semiautomatic: Partly automatic, as a firearm. The bank robber used a semiautomatic rifle. semicircle (n): A half of a circle as divided by a diameter; an object or arrangement of objects or people in the shape of a half a circle. adj: semicircular semicolon (n): A mark of punctuation(;) used to connect independent clauses or a long series, composed of the top half of a colon (:) and a comma semiconscious: Only partly conscious (awake). The accident victim was semiconscious. semifinal : A match, a competition, or an examination that precedes the final one, half-way to the finals semiformal: What sort of semiformal clothes might a person wear to a dance? 1 semimonthly: Occurring or issued twice a month, as a semimonthly newsletter or magazine semipermeable: Allowing certain small items to pass through but acting as a barrier to others. That semipermeable strainer let the sand pass through but caught the gravel. semiprecious: A gem, such as an opal, that has commercial value but is only partly as rare or expensive as a precious stone such as a diamond semiprivate: Only partly private, such as a hospital room shared with another patient. How would you describe a semiprivate conversation? semisweet: A type of partly-sweet chocolate used in baking. semitrailer (n): A trailer whose wheels are at the rear half only, with the forward portion being supported by the truck cab or towing vehicle semitropical: Florida is a semitropical state. semiweekly: Occurring each half of (twice) a week demi- (French) demigod (n): In mythology, a male being, often the offspring of a god and a mortal, who had part but not all of the powers of a god; a person who is highly honored or revered. Mayor Curley was regarded as a demigod by many Bostonians. demitasse (half + cup): A small (half-size) cup of strong black coffee or espresso; the small cup that is used to serve this drink demi-pli (n) ballet: Half a grand-pli, a movement in ballet that involves bending the knees hemi- (Gr) hemicycle (n): A semicircular hall or room, usually with a wide opening from another room hemisphere (n): A half of a sphere; either the northern or southern half of the earth, as divided by the equator, or the eastern or western half as divided by a meridian. In which hemisphere do you live?

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semiprofessional: Participating in a sport for pay but only on a parttime basis semiretired: A person who is only partly retired from work. Many grandfathers are semiretired. Try this on a friend! hemidemisemiquaver: A musical note that is 1/2 of a 1/2of a 1/2- of an 1/8- note in other words, a 64th note!

11
3

Choose certain Think Links as research-and-write assignments. The Delve Deeper symbol appears with a number of words and acts as a suggestion that some form of research is possible, not necessarily on the Internet. Ask students what else they could find out about words that have the symbol with them and where they could go for the information a dictionary, encyclopedia, atlas, almanac or the Internet. Explain to your students the requirements you are establishing for their sentence writing. Have them turn the page in their workbook to see where they can do their writing. Explain that after the first week of school, they will be required to incorporate words from earlier weeks into their current weeks sentences. Explain Super Sentences. Have students try a few orally. Other "semi" words are semiboneless, semiaquatic, semiliterate and semitruthful.
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On the second class day, in accordance with the Teacher Flow Chart, introduce the second word of the week, The Real World Word, which in Chapter One is the first in a series of acronyms (definition on page 1). A Super Sentence appears as a model for those which students should be encouraged to write. Have students turn the page to see where they can write their own Super Sentences. On the third day, go over the Wicked Word of the Week and the three sentences that illustrate the use and meaning of asset. Students can try out the Think Links which are intended for all students regardless of the level at which they work when studying prefixes, roots and suffixes.

ASAP:

Acronym meaning As Soon As Possible (pronounce each letter individually)

The semiprofessional tennis player said he would finish the semifinal ASAP, so that he could get to the semiformal party on time.

Dad said, I want you to wash the car A-S-A-P! Fax it to me ASAP!

WICKED WORD OF THE WEEK asset (n):

A useful or valuable quality, person, or thing; an advantage or a resource; a valuable item that is owned
What is your best personal asset? What is your most valuable (tangible) asset?

Her shiny hair and her personality are her best assets. Most people keep some of their assets like jewelry and savings bonds in a bank safety deposit box. A popular investment fund is called Asset Manager.

4-7

Are you an asset to your class? Why or why not? What is your school's greatest asset?

MY SCIENCE OR SOCIAL STUDY WORD AND ITS DEFINITION:

MY SENTENCES:

The publishers of Word Web Vocabulary strongly encourage you to maintain regular contact with 4 colleagues teaching science and social studies. By supplying students with the fourth word of the week, you provide the necessary lexical support for these topics. Students utilize these words in their sentence writing in the same way as they do the other lessons words. At this point in the week, go over the Students Flow Chart with the class, giving whatever guidance students need to complete the lesson. Share some Periodical Pearls (being sure that students understand what periodical publications are) of your own and help students locate the pages in their books where they can place theirs. (There is room provided at the end of every chapter and, when room allows, on some of the lesson pages.)

"...a gift to each child in the world (would) be a sense of wonder so indestructible that it would last throughout life..." Rachel Carson
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Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1, Teachers Edition

Repeat the method you used in Lesson I to introduce the prefix: Start with the students books closed and solicit as many mono words as they can provide. If a student should present a word not already included in the lesson, there are two empty rectangles on the web entitled My own word which are there for that purpose. If more than two such words surface, there is plenty of blank space on the web page for these words. Go over each word with the whole class. This lesson contains the first Cool Connection, intended for students at every level.

monolith

Lesson 2

monocle monotype

monogram

monograph

monomial

monaural

mononucleosis

My own word

monotony

monoxide

mono-

monoplane

monogamy

monoculture

My own word

monorail

monarch

monopoly Discuss Think Links and have a few students attempt answers. At this point, you and your stumonotone dents should be aware of monastery monk the level at which they are going to work most comfortably. No student 6 above the third grade who works at the beginner level should be made to feel inferior or slow; nor should those who can handle the advanced words be able to act with superiority. Regardless of students' levels, they should be encouraged to study words both above and below their chosen levels. Not only is it impossible to categorize vocabulary words into cut-and-dried levels, it is a subjective process, which is why students may appear to operate at disparate levels at different times.
beginner beginner intermediate intermediate intermediate advanced advanced challenge all levels

Use Word Web Vocabulary to bring out the best in each of your students. Everyone can be a high achiever with this program. Request that students share their Super Sentences, or read aloud those you encounter on students' pages as you circulate around the room. Encourage everyone to let his eyes roam newspapers, magazines, and advertising circulars seeking applications of the current and past weeks words. Bring your own examples into the classroom. Create a bulletin board. Make sure each student pastes his finds on spaces provided in the workbook for Periodical Pearls. Remember, Think Links lend themselves to research-and-write assignments.

For students who need more challenges, let them work with monomania (one + excessive concentration on a single object or subject). Have students look the word up in the dictionary and, using sentences, give examples. If they have read Moby Dick, ask, What characteristics did Captain Ahab display to qualify him as a monomaniac? (Answer: His obsession with killing the renowned white whale ultimately caused the demise of many men.) There are apt to be many stories about current lawsuits against monopolies, such as those filed against Microsoft and Intel. Discuss these and bring articles to the classroom both to clarify the topic and as Periodical Pearls.

mono-: Greek prefix meaning "one"

monarch (one + ruler)(n): A single ruler, such as a king or queen, an emperor or empress. Why is one butterfly species called a monarch? I am the monarch 8 of the sea , the ruler of the Queens navy ... H.M.S. Pinafore. Gilbert and Sullivan monocle(n): An eyeglass for one eye. The monarch wore a monocle. monogram (one + letter)(n): A design composed of one or more letters, typically the initials of a name, used as an identifying mark monoplane (n): An airplane with only one pair of wings (as opposed to a biplane) monopoly (one + sell)(n): Exclusive possession or control. The Mattel Company has a monopoly on Barbie Dolls. What is the goal of each player in the game of Monopoly?

monastery

from Greek to live alone. A house where monks under religious vows retire from the world Challenges for those who want to know more: monaural (one + ear)(adj): Electronics: Relating to a system of transmitting, recording, or reproducing sound in which one or more sources are connected to one channel monoculture (one + culture)(n): The raising of only one product, as wheat or wool, instead of using the land for a greater variety of crops monogamy (one + marriage) (n): Marriage with one person at a time, as opposed to bigamy and polygamy monograph (one + writing)(n) : A scholarly piece of writing of essay or book length on one, often limited, subject. She read the monograph on demitasse cups. monolith (one + stone)(n): A large block of stone, often one used in architecture or sculpture

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monorail (n): A one-rail track for wheeled vehicles traveling on it or suspended from it. A monorail runs through the campus of West Virginia University. monotone (n): A succession of sounds or words uttered in one tone of voice; sameness or dull repetition in sound, style, manner, or color monotony (n): One-ness of tone or sound; wearisome sameness. We suffered through the monotony of the long lecture, as the speaker droned on and on in a monotone. monotype (n) Biology: The one member of its group, such as a single species that constitutes a genus; a one-of-a-kind print made by pressing paper against a painted or inked surface

Independence Rock, Wyoming, a well-known monolith to travelers on the Oregon Trail monomial (n) Mathematics: An algebraic expression consisting of only one term. Can you write an algebraic monomial? Biology: A taxonomic name consisting of one word 10

mononucleosis (one + nucleus)(n): A medical condition Computer graphics promonk in which there is an abnormally large number of white grams use monotone (a blood cells with one nucleus in the bloodstream Originally, a man who retired from the world grayscale image printed monoxide (n): An oxide with each molecule containing and devoted himself to a solitary ascetic life with a single, nonblack one oxygen atom. Carbon monoxide is CO, whereas carbon dioxide is CO . ink) as a synonym for monochromatic. B & W 7 televisions are monochrome. Monoculture: The growing of a single crop on a farm or in a region or country. We drove through a monoculture of oil palm trees. monocultural: A single, homogeneous culture without diversity. Iowa is a monocultural state.
2

Independence Rock: Fur trappers named this formation on July 4, 1824. On any summer evening in July, hundreds of emigrants could be found swarming all over Independence Rock, chiseling messages to others following behind. Many of the emigrants arrived here on the Fourth of July, and that was cause for celebration. They baked pies and shared revelry. Emigrant James Nesmith: "Had the pleasure of waiting on five or six young ladies to pay a visit to Independence Rock. I had the satisfaction of putting the names of Miss Mary Zachary and Miss Jane Mills on the southeast point of the rocks." Emigrant Margret Hecox: "Being the Fourth of July, we concluded to lay by and celebrate the day. The children had no fireworks, but we all joined in singing patriotic songs and shared in a picnic lunch."
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Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1, Teachers Edition

This weeks acronym is a contemporary computer term. Students probably encounter it when reading computer magazines or descriptions of webpage software, and like many other words of its ilk, it has spread into the general vocabulary. As you can see, many forms of the word vital are presented in this lesson, providing you with an opportunity to review parts of speech. Many products utilize vital in their names and advertising. Students should look for examples, such as Lancme's Vitabolics skin care product. Ask students how a malfunctioning satellite can cut vital communication links. (It controls many pagers and access to the Internet, as well as communications between retailers, news organizations and broadcasters.)

WYSIWYG: Acronym for What You See Is What You Get, a computer term pronounced whizzywig
You can easily build a website without knowing any HTML by using one of the WYSIWYG web-page editors. What you see on the screen is what you will get at your website.

The weatherman said, What you see now is what youre going to get the rest of the day.

WICKED WORD OF THE WEEK vital (adj):

Necessary to the continuation of life; life-sustaining; full of life; animated. Necessary to continued existence or effectiveness; essential
vitality (n): Vigor; liveliness. That crimson flower is full of vitality. Although that lady is 90 years old, she still has lots of vitality! vitally (adv): It is vitally important that he get the message immediately! Name at least three things that are vitally important for you to do every day. 15 revitalize (v): The mayor helped revitalize the city. Use revitalization (n) in a sentence.

He has the most vital personality of anyone I know. She had vital information for the monarch. Their presence was vital to the success of the plan. Name at least two vital organs found in every mammal.

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The doctor said the newborn babys vital signs were very good. To what was the doctor referring? 12 What would the vital signs of a resort area be?

16

Whats In A

13
Vital statistics: Each year my hometown publishes vital statistics about itself; it publishes the number of births and deaths during the year. You are applying for a job and are asked for your vital statistics. What information would you give?

14

Product Name?
Vitalis Hair Product Blistex Lip Revitalizer

Fire is as vital for some forests as rain.

MY SCIENCE OR SOCIAL STUDY WORD AND ITS DEFINITION:

MY SENTENCES:

8 Challenge advanced students to figure out how each of the items in the following Worldwatch Institute report affects the vital signs of the environment: The world's economic growth; rate of electrical generation from wind versus new nuclear power generation; what countries produced wheat, especially if this exceeded the U.S.; whether oil producing companies are investing in wind and solar energy; the impact of the Internet on communications, rate of telephone lines increases, cellular phones; fire damage to rain forests; global warming; carbon emissions; carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere and Earths average temperature; melting icecaps in the Andes; shrinking glaciers in the Alps and the breakup of the sea ice around Antarctica; worldwide cigarette production.

The fresher the stimulus and the more engaged you are, the more impact it has on you, and the more likely you are to remember it. Arnold Scheibel
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While students are looking at the web, go over all the words quickly, always emphasizing how one fits in. Stress often during the week how to use unique correctly. Have students listen for the incorrect usages very or quite unique on television or radio. Something is either one of a kind or it is not; it cannot be modified.
union

unique

Lesson 3

unit

unicameral

unicorn

E Pluribus Unum unify uniform

Les Etats Unis

My own word

unite

Explain the whats-goodfor-one-is-good-for-all idea behind unisex. Diapers are unisex. What else is unisex? Throughout the lessons, Literary Links appear. This first one, for united, should generate a short discussion as to what this quote refers. Students in grades 6 and up should be able to identify the United States civil war. Cool Connections are intended to be studied by all ability levels.

uniunicycle unilateral

unity

unisex

My own word

unison

uno

universe

Whats In A
Los Estados Unidos

Unitarian
beginner beginner intermediate intermediate intermediate advanced advanced challenge all levels

Product Name?

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Several Awesome Associations occur with this uni prefix. Most students today are already familiar with the phrase, You are (or I am) numero uno! Solicit information about the game Uno. How did it get its name? Both Les Etats Unis and Los Estados Unidos are definitely at the challenging level for most students unless they are already familiar with French or Spanish. There are probably more products than presented here that utilize uni- or exist as Awesome Associations (Pizzeria Uno). Have students look for them in advertisements or in groceries and pharmacies. The more you praise these efforts, the more your students will be inspired to look for examples. If you find students lagging in this endeavor, you can set up a minimum that you require of everyone. Or, you can give points for each example with a corresponding grade value for a specified number of points. Do whatever it takes to motivate your students!

Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1, Teachers Edition

Uni + verse is perhaps one of the more difficult concepts, as the Latin meaning for verse, turn or bend, is more obscure than many other roots. Depending on the where you live, Unitarian churches may or may not be well known. They are especially widespread in New England. Unitarian is an extension of unitary, meaning not divided, integrated. Unicameral depends on students understanding that the word camera means chamber. A judge often says, Lets meet in camera. The camera with which we take pictures is based on the principle of a chamber. Uni + lateral is also difficult, unless students are already acquainted with lateral, as in a lateral (sideways) pass in football or the lateral fins on a fish.
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uni-: Latin prefix meaning "one"

E Pluribus Unum (Latin motto of the United States of America): E (out of) + Pluribus (many)+ Unum (one) = 17 Out of many, one. Where can one find this motto? unicorn (one + horn) (n): A fabled creature represented as a horse with one straight spiraled horn projecting from its forehead. Many Medieval people believed in unicorns. unicycle (n): A vehicle consisting of a frame mounted over one wheel and usually propelled by pedals. The clown rode a unicycle in the circus. uniform (one + form) (adj): Always the same; unvaried in texture, color, or design. The company had a uniform policy about vacations. (n): A distinctive outfit intended to identify those who wear it as members of a specific group. Do you wear a uniform to school or to work? If yes, how do you feel about it? If not, would you like to wear one? Why or why not? 18 unify (v): To make into or become a unit; consolidate. (n): unification; deunification union (n): Agreement or harmony resulting from the uniting of individuals. (v): unionize unique (adj): One of a kind. My bracelet is unique. Can I have a very unique asset?
Unitarian

unity (n): The state or quality of being as one; in accord; harmony. Our class worked on the play in unity. universe (one + turning)(n): All matter and energy, including Earth, the galaxies and the contents of intergalactic space, regarded as one. We must learn not to pollute our universe. universal (adj): The idea of worldwide peace has universal appeal. university: A college with more than one school in it.

A Christian who denies the doctrine of the Trinity, believing that God exists only in one person (not three)

Uno means one in Spanish. If you are "numero uno," who are you?

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The United States in French: Les Etats Unis; The United States in Spanish: Los Estados Unidos

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unisex (adj): Designed for, or suitable to, one sex or the other. Elimination or absence of sexual distinctions, especially in dress. I bought a unisex jacket. I get my hair cut in a semiprivate room at a unique unisex salon that has a monotonous decor. Can you write your own Super Sentence that uses one semi- or hemi- or demi- prefix with a mono- and uni- word? unison (n): When two or more speakers say or sing the same words at one time; an instance of agreement or concord. We practiced saying the poem in unison. unit (n): A single thing, person or group regarded as one member of a number of groups. We finished the first unit in our spelling book. My office unit is very small. unite (v): To bring together so as to form one whole. reunite (v); united (adj) United we stand, divided we fall. The Flag of our Union. G. P. Morris. Our united efforts brought peace. We live in the United States.

Whats In A
Unisom (sleeping aid): What does it mean?

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Product Name?
Challenges for those who want to know more:
unicameral (adj): Having or consisting of only one legislative chamber. (See camera on page 132.) unilateral (adj): One-sided or undertaken by only one, two or more sides. England and Russia made a unilateral agreement.

Think Links, Real World Words and the Wicked Word of the Week present opportunities for brainstorming and other techniques that allow students to hone critical thinking skills, proving especially valuable for gifted children whose divergent thinking comes to the fore.

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The Unisphere (one + world / sphere), a 12-story high stainless steel model of the earth, was the symbol of the 1964-65 New York World's Fair. It is still on the site today at Flushing Meadow Park. The view from the edge of its adjacent pool gave the observer a view of the world as it would appear from 6,000 miles in space.

Grocery ads are a wonderful source for your own thrifty questions, such as Why is 1 quart of strawberries @ $1.48 a thriftier buy than 1 pound of strawberries @ $1.28? Students will have to know that a pint is a pound (A pints a pound the whole world round.) and that two pints make a quart. Have students make up their own thrifty questions. Which is more thrifty, ______________ or ______________? In addition to discussing each Literary Link, you may wish your students to practice their handwriting by copying these quotes. Are your students writing complete sentences when they answer Think Links? Are your students beginning to write Super Sentences? Be sure to share good examples with the class.

TGIF:

Acronym for Thank Goodness Its Friday

As I passed the faculty lounge, I heard someone say, TGIF! I muttered, I couldnt agree more.

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What is your spin on why so many businesses choose TGIF as their name?

WICKED WORD OF THE WEEK thrifty (adj):

She is a thrifty person because she wears her clothes out before buying new ones, and she uses savings coupons when she buys food. She is well-known for her thriftiness. A person who buys a first-class seat on a plane is not thrifty with money. Some might call him a spendthrift. Poor man, said I, you paid too much for your whistle. The Whistle. Benjamin Franklin. Do you believe that Ben Franklin was a thrifty person? Why or why not?

Wisely economical
Complete this sentence: She was so thrifty that she __________________

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Which would be the more thrifty purchase: A can of peas costing 50 or those on sale at a Buy one can, get one free special if one can costs $1?

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28 28

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Three boxes of frozen vegetables for $5 or two for $3. How much is the difference? Yogurt 4 for $2 with a 40 coupon (for all 4) I can double or 5 for $2 and a 20 coupon I can triple?

One of the car rental companies is called Thrifty. Do you think the name might induce you to rent a car from them? Other car rental agencies are called Budget and Econo Car. Do they send the same message? What is a thrift shop?

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MY SCIENCE OR SOCIAL STUDY WORD AND ITS DEFINITION:

MY SENTENCES:

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A word is not a crystal, transparent and unchanging; it is the skin of a living thought and may vary greatly in color and content according to the circumstances and time in which it is used. Oliver Wendell Holmes

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Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1, Teachers Edition

How many Periodical Pearls have you brought to class this week?
biplane

binoculars

Lesson 4

bicuspid binary

YOUR NOTES Use Your Notes to record any interesting ideas that turned up in a class, new words that students discovered, or any sort of information that will help you and others in future years.
bifocal biceps

biracial bilateral biennial bisect

My own word

bigamy

bivalve

bibipartisan bicentennial binomial

billion

bicycle

My own word

bilingual

bicolored

Whats In A

bicameral

Whats In A

Product Name?
biscuit/biscotti

Product Name?

beginner

beginner intermediate

intermediate

intermediate advanced

advanced

challenge

all levels

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"Education is not to reform students or amuse them or to make them expert technicians. It is to unsettle their minds, widen their horizons, inflame their intellects, teach them to think straight, if possible." Robert M. Hutchins
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Another bi- word is biathlon, the competitive and Olympic sport that combines crosscountry skiing and rifle sharpshooting. Students who undertook unicameral in the previous lesson should not have difficulty with bicameral. Which type of government does your state have? Even though the spelling for two in German is zwei, Zwieback, translates to twice baked. Be sure that students understand that the vowels have been reversed in this word meaning two. Biscuit originally referred to bread that was baked, cut into slices and then returned to the oven until very crisp and dry, so that it was baked twice. Italian biscotti is made this way. Encourage students to find a Bisquick ad or box top of their own to add to their Periodical Pearls. YOUR NOTES

bi-: Latin prefix meaning "two"

bicentennial (two + hundred + year) (n): A 200th anniversary or its celebration. When did the United States celebrate its bicentennial? Has your home town cele30 If yes, when? brated its bicentennial? 29bicolored (adj): Having two colors. "The bicolored, python rock-snake ..." The Elephant's Child. Rudyard Kipling. What else can be bicolored?

biscuit/biscotti

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(n) Twice cooked. Old-fashioned biscuits and Italian biscotti are baked two separate times. Whats In A What do you think Bisquick means? Whats In A

bicuspid (two + point) (n): Having two points or cusps, as the crescent moon; a bicuspid tooth, especially a premolar. I cracked a bicuspid when I fell.

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Product Name?

bicycle (n):

Write your own definition.

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bifocal (adj): Having two focal lengths, one section that corrects for distant vision and another that corrects for near vision, as eyeglasses. Dad wears bifocals. bigamy (two + marriage) (n): The criminal offense of being married to two people at the same time. bigamist (n): Person who commits bigamy bilingual (adj): Using or able to use two languages, especially with equal or nearly equal fluency. I am bilungual in English and Spanish. binoculars (two + eyes) (n): An optical device, such as field glasses, designed for use by both (two) eyes at the same time. Compare to monocular. biplane (n): A plane with two sets of wings. The biplane sprayed the crops with fertilizer. biracial (adj): Two ethnic races mixed together. Jane and Joe have a biracial marriage. bisect (v): To cut into two equal parts; to split. Line B bisects line A at point C. B

Zwiebach: Although the word for two in German is really zwei, Zwieback does mean twice baked. Product Name? Challenges for those who want more: bicameral (adj): Composed of or based on two legislative chambers or branches. What are the two legislative branches of U. S. government? Of British government? (See camera on pg. 132.)

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biceps (n): A muscle with two heads or points of origin. Where are these muscles found? biennial (adj): Lasting or living for two years; happening every second year. Some flowers are biennials. bilateral (adj): Having two sides. The countries made a bilateral agreement. billion (n): An imitation of million. 109=1,000,000,000 binary star (n): A double star whose members revolve around their common center of gravity binomial (two + law) (n) Mathematics: A polynomial with two terms. Write an algebraic binomial.

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bivalve (n): A mollusk, such as an oyster or a clam, that has a shell consisting of two hinged valves. Name 2 more. biweekly (adj): Happening every two weeks OR happening twice a week, a confusing word because it has two different meanings. If you were told you must attend a biweekly meeting, would you know how often it took place?

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bipartisan (adj): Of, consisting of, or supported by members of two parties, especially two major political parties. The president of the U.S. received bipartisan support from what political parties?

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Most learning experiences produce multiple outcomes. Ralph Tyler

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Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1, Teachers Edition

Let advanced students work on the following: Not everyone, including some environmentalists, favors HOV lanes. A recent news article quoted a woman who said she is puzzled that environmental groups are taking positions against the proposed HOV lanes because I think we share a common objective of increasing the use of highoccupancy vehicles and reducing dependency on single-occupancy vehicles. Why might environmentalists be opposed to a city adding HOV lanes? (Environmentalists might be concerned if a new lane has to be added for HOV to an existing highway because that would destroy more land.) Lead your students into brainstorming all sorts of uses for cascade, such as cascades of new knowledge, new technology, new ideas, newly-published books. In an electrical sense, cascade means connected in series.

HOV:

Acronym for High Occupancy Vehicle, a car, truck or bus carrying at least two people

The main highways leading into and out of most major cities in the United States have special High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes which allow only those vehicles that have a stated minimum number of occupants (2, 3 or 4) to use them during the morning and evening rush hours Mondays through Fridays.

Why would cities establish HOV lanes? Do you think creating HOVs is a good idea? Why /why not? If you travel where there are HOVs, how many occupants must a vehicle have before it can legally drive in a HOV lane?

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WICKED WORD OF THE WEEK cascade (n):

We picnicked beside the roaring cascade. The snow cascaded off the roof. Her hair cascaded down her back. His books cascaded off the desk. 42

Waterfall; anything that ripples or showers down in the manner of a waterfall

The Cascade Mountains are in Washington and Oregon. How might they have gotten their name?

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Why would a manufacturer call its dishwashing product Cascade?

Whats In A

Product Name?

MY SCIENCE OR SOCIAL STUDY WORD AND ITS DEFINITION:

MY SENTENCES:

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YOUR NOTES

Today's Think Links offer opportunities for research and writing projects. Are your students correcting spelling and mechanical errors in their sentences?

A new word is a new idea to help you think. Norman Lewis

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Remember to require students to answer Think Links in complete sentences. Are you grading them on spelling and the mechanics of grammar? YOUR NOTES

divide

Lesson 5

digraph

diurnal

My own word

dichotomy

di-

diverse

My own word

diverge Diptera

diploma / diplomat

beginner

beginner intermediate

intermediate

intermediate advanced

advanced

challenge

all levels

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The limits of my language mean the limits of my world. Ludwig Wittgenstein

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Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1, Teachers Edition

The prefix diplo-, although not in wide usage, is included in the hope that sometime in the future, if not now, students will recall its meaning. Digress (two + step / walk) is another word for more able students. Compare diverse with various words based on mono- , such as: diverse colors versus monochromatic; diverse cultures versus monocultures (page 6, teacher's notes). The Diptera or true flies are an amazing order of insects which can be readily recognised in their adult forms because those which have wings, and most of them do, have only two; all other flying insects have four wings. In the true flies the hind wings have become modified into a pair of balancing organs called halteres. YOUR NOTES

di- or dicho-: Greek prefixes meaning two, twice, double, divided

digraph (n): Two letters representing a single speech sound, such as the ph in pheasant or the ea in beat. Name two more digraphs. Challenges for those who want more: dichotomy (n): Division into two usually contradictory parts or opinions. The husband and wife had a real dichotomy about the children's curfew. Diptera (two + wing)(n): Order of insects comprising the true or two-winged flies (as the housefly), the mosquitoes, gnats, etc.

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diverge (two + bend)(v): To go or extend in different directions from a common point. Two roads diverged in a wood, and I I took the road less traveled by ... The Road Not Taken. Robert Frost. divergent (adj): Differing from each other or from a standard. Give an example of divergent thinking. diverse (two + turns)(adj): Differing one from another. The students had quite diverse ideas about the movie. diversify (v): To give variety to; vary. Our teacher diversified our assignments. divide (two + window)(v): 45 When we say "divy up!" what are we really saying? Why are the Rocky Mountains in the western U.S. often called "The Great Divide"?

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A true fly, a member of the Diptera order of insects
diploma / diplomat

diploma [diplo (twofold, double)]: A certificate conferring a privilege or honor; an official document or charter, from ancient times when a letter or composition on paper or parchment was folded in two. diplomat (n): One, such as an ambassador, who uses skill and tact in dealing with others, especially in relations with other governments

diurnal (adj) (two + lights): Used especially when referring to birds and animals that are active both in the daytime and at night, such as some very northern owls, rabbits and other mammals. Why must some wildlife be diurnal?

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Place your periodical pearls here

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"No use to shout at them to pay attention. If the situations, the materials, the problems before the child do not interest him, his attention will slip off to what does interest him, and no amount of exhortation or threats will bring it back." John Holt
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Gasoline company acronyms are so widespread that they deserve our attention. Once students begin decoding these types of acronyms, they are on their way to recognizing another facet of our language. We hope that they will also question such names as Texaco (Texas Company), SOHIO (Standard Oil, Ohio), Arco (Atlantic Richfield Company), Conoco (Continental Oil Company), Citgo (City Services), BP (British Petroleum) and Exxon (which has no meaning today but evolved from the original Esso, a different type of acronym based on the sounds of the letters S and O, which stood for Standard Oil.) The now defunct Amoco was an acronym for American Oil Company. Students may wonder how they are to use a gas station name in their sentences, so a little brainstorming might be in order. The Sunoco dealer ...; The cascade next to the Sunoco station ... and so forth.

SUNOCO:

An acronym for SUN Oil COmpany

My brother let the gasoline cascade down the side of our semitrailer at the SUNOCO service station, but I am too thrifty to let that happen.

WICKED WORD OF THE WEEK abate (v): To grow less

As the storm abated, the boys' noise abated, too. I hope the pain in my broken arm will soon abate, along with my fear of falling again. After five minutes of time out, the child's anger abated. The diplomats assets, stored in a semiannual account, grew unabated over the years. abatement (n): A lessening. The homeowner asked for an abatement on her taxes.

MY SCIENCE OR SOCIAL STUDY WORD AND ITS DEFINITION:

MY SENTENCES:

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Look for Wicked Words of the Week that you and students can relate to the literature the class is either studying currently or has in the past. Did some character's pain, fear or anger abate? Was some character particularly thrifty? What were a character's assets?

Proper words in proper places make the true definition of a style. Jonathan Swift
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Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1, Teachers Edition

Since this lesson is a review, provide time during the week for students to catch up and correct their sentences and answers to Think Links. Chapter reviews contain a mix of question types, most of which, like analogies, are found on standardized tests. The student page for the review is 23; for the Think Links answers, page 24. For both Review and Think Link answers, it is not as important for students to be right or wrong as it is for them to share, discuss and even dispute others' answers, including those given in the text. Have you recorded the number of Periodical Pearls you and your students have brought to class so far? What is the average number of Think Links your students answered in this chapter? How many Super Sentences did students write? Once you determine the answers to the above questions, enter the figures in the students' performance record on page 112-116.
YOUR NOTES

Words are a lens to focus ones mind. Ayn Rand

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REVIEW FOR LESSONS 1-5

(use only words from lessons 1 - 5)
1. semi- : hemi- = bi- : ______ (read this: semi is to hemi as bi is to what?) 2. Write a sentence is which you use ASAP, thrifty, and any word starting with the prefix bi-.

Lesson 6

3. Which does not belong and why? (a) universe

(b) uninteresting

(c) reunite

(d) unicorn

4. Which does not belong and why? (a) monocle (b) monarch (c) monsoon (d) monorail 5 - 11. Fill in the blanks: 5. The girls sang the song in _______________________ (one voice). 6. The celebration of a 200th anniversary is called a ______centennial. 7. It is _____________ (important) that he get the message. 8. He spoke in such a __________________ that we soon fell asleep. 9. A monochrome painting has _________ colors. 10. The water __________________ over the rocks with a thunderous noise. 11. Randy is our classs greatest ____________ because he helps others with their work. 12. If a carpenter answers me in monosyllables, give at least 3 examples of how she might answer.

How many Think Links did you answer in this chapter? ______ How many Super Sentences did you write in this chapter? _____ How many Periodical Pearls did you bring to class in the last 6 weeks? _____

ANSWERS TO REVIEW
1. di- 2. various answers 3. (b) because it does not use the root "uni-" 4. (c) because it does not use the root "mono" 5. unison 6. bi- 7. vital 8. monotone 9. one 10. cascaded 11. asset 12. Examples: What? Yes. No. Huh? Can't. Won't. Yes'm.

HOW DID YOU DO?

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10 - 12 correct! Love these words! They work for me!

7 - 9 correct! Could have done a little better. Next time I will!

Fewer than 7 correct! Should have studied more. I will next time honest!

ANSWERS TO THINK LINKS

1. Dressier than jeans and less than a tuxedo or evening dress; perhaps a shirt and tie or a shirt and nice V-neck sweater or a skirt or dressy pants 2. Between more than 2 people but still a small number 3. If in N. and Central America, Europe: the northern hemisphere; if below the equator, such as Ecuador and Brazil of S. America, or Australia: the southern hemisphere. 4.-7. Answers will vary. 8. It is larger than other butterflies. 9. To gain control of most of the properties, causing the other players to go bankrupt 10. Examples: 2x; 4ay; 3x2 11. Heart, liver, bone, muscle, skin, intestine, stomach, kidney, lymph nodes, spleen, brain, pancreas 12. Respiration (pulse), temperature, body color, amount of alertness 13. Large percentage of available rooms rented; busy-ness of restaurants; high retail sales 14. Your birth date, height, weight, color of eyes, perhaps names of parents, your address, phone number 15. Examples: Brush my teeth; wear a seatbelt every time Im in a car; do my homework; exercise; use good manners; be considerate of others 16. Example: The mayor announced his plans for the revitalization of the city. 17. On many United States coins 18. Answers will vary. 19. Nothing can be very unique; unique means "one of a kind," so nothing can be more distinctive than that. 20. Answers will vary. 21. You are NUMBER ONE! 22. Uni (one) + somnus (L. for sleep) 23. Because most people are happy when it is Friday, businesses want to associate themselves with that feeling. 24. Yes, he was known for his thriftiness. 25. Yes, they give out similar messages. 26. A shop that sells used articles, especially clothing, often to benefit a charitable organization. Many thrifty people like to shop in thrift stores or take their used clothing there for resale. 27. Answers will vary 28. They are the same! Each costs 50. 28. The 3 for $5 cost $1.67 each; the 2 for $3 cost $1.50 each, so they are the better buy with a savings of 17 a box 28. The 5-for-$2 with a triple 20 coupon ( $2 - 60 = $1.40, which when divided by 5 = 28 each; the 4-for-$2 with a double 40 coupon = 30 for each yogurt. 29.1976 30. Answers will vary. 31. Skirt, shirt, carpet, flower, leaf, etc. 32. Answers will vary. 33. Scallops, mussels, cockles 34. You would probably have to ask how biweekly was being defined by this organization. 35. A play on biscuit and also indicating that using it will be quick 36. U. S. government: The House of Representatives & the Senate; British government: House of Commons & House of Lords 37. At the front of upper arm; at the back of upper leg 38. Examples: a + b; 2x - 3y; 4ab2 + 6ac3 39. The Republican and the Democratic parties 40. To try save gas & reduce congestion, Answers will vary as to how many occupants must be in a vehicle. 41. Probably because they cascaded down to the sea and because they contain many waterfalls 42. The water supposedly sheets, or cascades, off the dishes leaving them spotless. 43. Ai, au, ee, ei, eu, ie, oa, oi, oo, ou, ui, sh, th, wh 44. Examples will vary but should show a person thinking in a way others have not. Inventors always show divergent thinking. 45. Let's divide up. 46. The Rocky Mountains are high enough that rivers on the east slope all drain to the east and all the rivers on the west side drain into the Pacific Ocean. This is another name for the Continental Divide. 47. Some animals, like the Snowy Owl, live in the Arctic, where during the summer months the sun is up 24 hours a day and there is no darkness.

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