IMPORTANT FORMULAS (a + b)(a b) = a2 b2 (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca) (a b)2 = a2 + b2 2ab (a + b + c + d)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + 2(ab + ac + ad + bc + bd + cd) (a b)3 = a3 b3 3ab(a b) (a b)(a2 + b2 m ab)

(a2 + b2 m ab) = a3 b3 (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 -ab bc ca) = a3 + b3 + c3 3abc = 1/2 (a + b + c)[(a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (c - a)2] when a + b + c = 0, a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc (x + a)(x + b) (x + c) = x3 + (a + b + c) x2 + (ab + bc + ac)x + abc (x a)(x b) (x c) = x3 (a + b + c) x2 + (ab + bc + ac)x abc a4 + a2b2 + b4 = (a2 + ab + b2)( a2 ab + b2) a4 + b4 = (a2 2ab + b2)( a2 + 2ab + b2) an + bn = (a + b) (a b3 +.. + b n-1) (valid only if n is odd) n n n-1 n-2 n-3 2 n-4 a b = (a b) (a +a b+ a b +a b3 + + b n-1) {where n N) (a b)2n is always positive while -(a b)2n is always negative, for any real values of a and b a b+ a (a b)2n = (b a)2 and (a b)2n+1 = (b a)2n+1 if and are the roots of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, roots of cx + bx + a = 0 are 1/ and 1/. if and are the roots of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, roots of ax2 bx + c = 0 are - and -.

n-1 n-2 n-3

b2 a

n-4

n(n + l)(2n + 1) is always divisible by 6.

32n leaves remainder = 1 when divided by 8 n3 + (n + 1 )3 + (n + 2 )3 is always divisible by 9 102n

+ 1

+ 1 is always divisible by 11

n(n2- 1) is always divisible by 6 n2+ n is always even 23n-1 is always divisible by 7 152n-1 +l is always divisible by 16 n3 + 2n is always divisible by 3 34n 4
3n

is always divisible by 17

n! + 1 is not divisible by any number between 2 and n (where n! = n (n l)(n 2)(n 3).3.2.1) for eg 5! = 5.4.3.2.1 = 120 and similarly 10! = 10.9.8.2.1= 3628800 Product of n consecutive numbers is always divisible by n!. If n is a positive integer and p is a prime, then np n is divisible by p. |x| = x if x 0 and |x| = x if x 0. Minimum value of a2.sec2 + b2.cosec2 is (a + b)2; (0 < < 90) for eg. minimum value of 49 sec2 + 64.cosec2 is (7 + 8)2 = 225. among all shapes with the same perimeter a circle has the largest area. if one diagonal of a quadrilateral bisects the other, then it also bisects the quadrilateral. sum of all the angles of a convex quadrilateral = (n 2)180 number of diagonals in a convex quadrilateral = 0.5n(n 3)

 let P, Q are the midpoints of the nonparallel sides BC and AD of a trapezium ABCD.Then, APD = CQB.