NSD Normal delivery of the newborn through vagina.

. PASSAGE refers to the route a fetus must travel from the uterus through the cervix and vagina to the external perineum because the cervix and vagina are contained inside the pelvis. A fetus must also paa through the bony pelvic-ring. TWO MEASUREMENTIMPORTANT TO DETERMINE THE ADEQUACY OF THE PELVIC SIZE 1. Diagonal Conjugate ( Anterio-posterior diameter of the inlet ) 2. Transverse diameter of the outlet. FIG.18.1

PASSANGER ( The Fetus ) - the body part of the fetus that has the widest diameter is the head, so this is the part least likely able to pass through the pelvic ring. DIAMETER OF FETAL SKULL SuboccipitoBregmatic narrowest fetal head diameter. - 9.5 cm Occipito Frontal Diameter 12 cm Occipito Mental Diameter widest fetal head diameter. - 13.5 cm

MOLDING overlapping of the suture lines. -is a change in the shape of the fetal skull produced by the force of uterine contractions pressing the vertex of the head against the not-yet-dilated cervix. TYPES OF PELVIS Gynecoid NORMAL female pelvis ( Round ) Android MALE PELVIS Anthropoid APELIKE Platypelloid FLATTED ( oval ) FETAL PRESENTATION & POSITION Leopolds maneuver systematic method of observation & palpations to determine fetal presentation & position. TYPES OF FETAL PRESENTATION Cephalic Presentation most frequent type of presentation. Breech Presentation it means that the buttocks or feet are the first contact with the cervix. Shoulder Presentation presenting in a transverse lie, horizontally in the pelvis.

FETAL POSITIONING Relationship of presenting part to a specific quadrant of a woman pelvis. EFFACEMENT- shortening &thinning of the cervical canal. ATTITUDE describes the degree of flexion a fetus assums during labor or the relation of the fetal parts of each other.

 Good Attitude ( SuboccipitoBregmatic ) Moderate Flexion ( occipito Frontal ) 1ST STAGE Dilatation This first stage id divided into three phases: Latent phase Active phase Transitional phase 2nd STAGE Expulsion Second stage of labor is the period from full dilatation and cervical effacement to birth of the infant. 3rd STAGE Placenta The third stage is the placental stage, begins with the birth of the infant and ends with the delivery of the placenta. 4th STAGE Recovery stage Face is the presenting part Poor flexion The back is arched Fetus is in complete extension

NORMAL SPONTANEOUS DELIVERY

REPORTED BY : LUCERO, KATHLEEN RAMIREZ, MISHA EIYA RAMOS, RALAINE JANE