Industry Visit-MEASAT(Teleport & Broadcast Centre) 1. A strong & profitable customer base based around a. Malaysian ICT b.

Asian DTH c. Asian Video Distribution Services 2. 17 orbital slots around the globe secured for future growth 3. MEASAT value-added service: Purpose to built: a. satellite control center for MEASAT fleet b.MEASAT corporate office c. shared qualities for customer equipment 4. Ki1 category-under national security, cannot take photo 5. Satellite: MEASAT-1, MEASAT-2, MEASAT-3, MEASAT-3a-provide by Orbital Star-2 6. What is satellite? -celestial body orbiting around another bigger body with a defined velocity -orbiting path can be circular/elliptic -man-made satellite is an aritificail body placed in orbit around the Earth for purpose of communication, observation, research/navigation -operational principle: equilibrium of centrifugal force & the gravity. 7. Types of satellite: a. weather satellite b. communication satellite c. broadcast satellite d. scientic satellite e. navigation satellite f. earth observation satellite g. military satellite 8. The orbit of satellite is always elliptic but not circle due to centrifugal and gravity force from the earth. 9.MEASATs service coverage area extended: (initially)Asia Coverage, (now) Global coverage 10. Extensive of coverage area of satellite determined by a. orbital coordination b.frequency c. business requirement 11. satellite communications: a. Boeing 601-3.8m high b.Boeing 702-7m high provide by Boeing

12. Who own satellite? a. companies: profit making, leasing payload of the satellite to other companies, provide satellite service b. countries: improve peoples lives, enhance communication networks 13. high frequency, high data rate, antenna size smaller (cannot greater than 60cm-limitation) 14. 3 satellite can cover whole earth. 15. revolution period of satellite=revolution of earth 16. satellite communication: receive->process->transmit 17. controlling process is the most difficult-in how to transmit to satellite in air 18. solar cells provide the battery for satellite 19. First satellite: Soviet Sputnik(4/10/1957)- first to orbit earth-only survive for 48days 20. majority satellites now have 15 years or above life. 21. satellite shape: a. spin-stablilized spacecraft(surrounded with solar cells) b. 3-axis stabilized spacecraft 22. What is in Satellite? Propulsion subsystem, power subsystem.(refer manual page 8) 23. Quality of links for satellite transmitting and receiving signal depends on : 1. originating/destination ground station size 3.mSatellite coverage 4. Frequency 24. in orbit of satellite, sun will produce solar wind which will pull the shape of orbit satellite become elliptic, and also protect from galactic cosmic ray 25. station keeping: keep sat in box, perform maneuver as required, keep geosynchronous orbit 26. solar radiation force: change shape, change alttitude 2. Satellite power

TOUR 1. Satellite Operations Centre: -2/3 satellites -monitor calimentary-MEASAT Propulsion Subsystem -alarm management & eclipse monitoring page

-send command to spacecraft -how to set ranging? Ranging data is very very big, every 1 hour need to do it, very critical because 2 satellite in same orbit. 3 data and calculate the delay to set the ranging, modulate 7 tone, measure each tone and do calculation for that. (MEASAT1,2,3-6000km.-x so sure)

2. MEASAT Network Management Centre (NMC) -first level coach for customer -digi, maxis, celcom, GSM and others -MEASAT-3,3a platform centre -tool to monitor: single channel per carrier (SCPC), multi channel per carrier (MCPC)many screen for multichannel, max 10channels (sports hd, history hd, fashion hd, food hd, network shop tv hd, discovery hd) -monitoring and try to increase power to compensate losses. -guide satellite to point to right direction to avoid interference happen -If interference happen, then there will be the service interruption. -when monitoring, when detect change in temperature, will check by using OI see whether is it malfunction, try solve, if cannot refer to satellite manufacturer engineers (satellite engineering management) -must know who is maintaining the satellite always at the time -this department is 24hrs per day: shift 7am-7pm or 7pm-7am -if there is any unknown transmission: will execulate issues, transponder from customer (contact them)-some maybe accidentally turn on the modem, check by software for the carrier data and its modulation rate-determine who cause interference (depend the situation-many reasons); may last for 1month to 3months, some may disappear for no reason -if serious may refer to ITU, switch off satellite, change frequency

3. Antenna farm -16 antennas -antenna control system by fiber optic, 70MHz, convert RF to IF-go to fiber -signal heat the sub reflector of the antenna and signal bound to antenna -allocations can be make up and down, left and right, control by antenna control system -wide angle for antenna -transmission and reception is separated by the poles -if there is a heavy rain, the antenna will be switch from one to another one. -there are some back up antenna, switch antenna to back up antenna so the current antenna can be available to go for maintenance.

*Further info refer to the manual given~