Ways of Knowing Midterm Vocabulary List

YOUVE GOT THIS! GET THOSE FIVE POINTS! Idealism (Plato) refers to transcendental source for all knowledge; ideal forms; philosophers only know the truths of these ideal forms after great training Skepticism (Descartes) disposition that casts doubtful eye on every eye of knowledge; radical doubt that is not tossed away with proof Dualism mind and body are fundamentally different and what can be learned from them is radically different (Cartesian dualism: mind > body) Pragmatism (James) distinctly American focus on practical consequences Empiricism (James) opposite of dualism; priority on what sense can learn Epistemology branch of philosophy that inquires into how we know what we know Discipline a field of academic or scientific study that holds common beliefs about what to research, how to research it, how to share its findings, and what kinds of arguments can and should be made about evidence. Dialectic technique for pursuing and producing knowledge that relies on disagreement and, for Plato and Socrates, dialogues (free ranging form of inquiry: thesis + counterevidence + antithesis [argument] = synthesis) Authority trusted external source Intuition claims (non-rational) we believe but find hard to defend Conventions accepted formal standards of writing Mechanics grammar, punctuation, etc. Induction small to big (particular instances -> affirmative statement) Deduction (Descrates) big to small (inferring knowledge of the particular from a general proposition) Formalist of the form: shape, color, texture, background, depth Historicism history and how we got here

Participant Observation technique used by anthropologists Cultural Relativism thick description Methodology methods or strategies used to make an argument Evidence or data empirical observation Analysis an interpretation of sources Sources various materials used to make an argument Orienting acknowledgeable source Thesis a papers central claim or promise Motive intellectual context established at the beginning of papers to suggest why the thesis was written Structure a papers line of reasoning from beginning to end and also within and between paragraphs Key Words a papers main terms or concepts Metaphysics explains fundamental nature of being Historiography historical narrative over time Narratives account of what happened Constructionalism overlap between narrative and historical event Positivism theory of knowledge in which facts (records) matter Relativism disavows any absolute claims to truth; truth is a matter of perspective and perception (subjective) Logic schematic language that models intellectual inquiry Melody (tune) a line of pitches with a horizontal contour that moves up, down, or remains level Pitch note in a melody or chord that describes the highness or lowness of a sound rather than its duration

Harmony determined by vertical collections of pitches that support or accompany a melody Major/Minor Keys sound brighter or happier than those written in minor keys, which tend to sound darker, more melancholy Consonant sweet sounding or pleasing harmonies, combinations of notes that sound more at ease, more settled-sounding than dissonant Dissonant tense or aurally unpleasant harmonies that typically feel as though they need to be resolved to a consonant harmony Tempo the speed or rate of a pulse or succession of beats Meter the regular grouping of beats, often emphasizing the first beat Rhythm may refer to melody or accompaniment Dynamics refers to the loudness or softness of sounds Articulation how notes are distinguished from ne another Color what voices or instruments are used and how Texture involves color and orchestration (can be either dense or spare, some overlap) Structure (form) the way smaller units of melody, harmony, and lyrics are combined to form larger structures Staccato in quick separate notes

**This Review Sheet Does NOT Include film key terms**