A typical prokaryotic cell has about 3,000 genes in its DNA, while a human cell has about 20,5(X}

genes. About 1,000 of these genes are present in both types of cells. Based on your understanding ofevolution, explain how such different organisms could have this same subset ofgenes. What sorts of functions might these shared genes have? Based on the results ofthe snake mimicry case study, suggest the other hypothesis researchers might use to extend the investigation. The fruits of wild spedes of tomato are tiny compared to the giant beefsteak tomatoes available today. This difference in fruit size is almost entirely due to the larger number of cells in the domesticated fruits. Plant molecular biologists have recently discovered genes that are responsible for controlling cell division in tomatoes. Why would such a discovery be important to producers of other kinds offruits and vegetables? To the study ofhwnan development and disease? To OUT basic understanding ofbiology? Draw Lewis structures for each hypothetical molecule shown below, using the correct number of valence electrons for each atom. Determine which molecule makes sense because each atom has a complete valence shell and each bond has the correct number of electrons. Explain what makes the other molecules nonsensical, considering the number of bonds each type of atom can make. a. O=C-H H H | | b.H-O-C-C=O | H H H | | c.H-C-H-C=O | H d. O | H-N=H Female silkworm moths (Bombyx man) attract males by emitting chemical signals that spread through the air. A male hundreds of meters away can detect these molecules and fly toward their source. The sensory organs responsible for this behavior are the comb like antennae visible in the photograph here. Each filament of an antenna is equipped with thousands of receptor cells that detect the sex attractant. Based on what you learned in this chapter, propose a hypothesis to account for the ability of the male moth to detect a specific molecule in the presence of many other molecules in the air. What predictions does your hypothesis make? Design an experiment to test one of these predictions.

While waiting at an airport, Neil Campbell once overheard this claim: "It's paranoid and ignorant to worry about industry or agriculture contaminating the environment with their chemical wastes. After all, this stuff is just made of the same atoms that were already present in our environment How would you counter this argument? The surface of the planet Mars has many landscape features reminiscent of those formed by flowing water on Earth, including what appear to be meandering channels and outwash areas. In 2004, images of Meridiani Planum on Mars taken by NASA's Opportunity rover suggested that liquid water was once present on its surface. For example, one image (left, above) shows polygonal fractures in the rock. Similar fracture patterns in rocks on Earth's surface (above, right) correlate with the earlier presence of water. Ice exists at the Martian poles today, and some scientists suspect a great deal more water may be present beneath the Martian surface. Why has there been so much interest in the presence of water on Mars? Does the presence ofwater make it more likely that life arose there? \Vhat other physical factors might also be important?
There is so much interest with the presence of water on Mars because, if there is water, there is a possibility of Life. The existence of water on Mars makes it more likely for life to arouse there. The factors of temperature on mars is important. Matters such as, what life will humans have on Mars will be brought up. How long will life last on Mars and how will we survive will be relevant to discuss. If people adapt to Mars as they know it, How will they adapt to the unexpected. Scientists may be up to determine if Humans will mutate or develop other skills once they are on Mars. It is all important , any main elements to life on Earth is essential to Life On Mars.

Agriculture, industry ,and the growing populations of cities all compete, through political influence, for water.If you were in charge of water resources in an arid region,what would your priorities be for allocating the limited water supply for various uses? How would you try to build consensus among the different special-interest groups?
If I were in charge of the water resources in an arid region, I would make sure that the little plants that are there would get watered. In arid regions people find it hard to maintain healthy plants due to the little water supply. My goal would be to stretch the water supply. My number one priority would rely on help from the people. I would encourage them not to waste water. I would constantly press upon the people that water is important and limited. My priorities would be to frequently make commercials about the issue. If possible, i would set a water meter to each part of the region and this meter would limit the amount of water is used in each section. Once the people run out of water they will then learn that they have to work together in the situation. Like animals, the people will adapt and be more conscience on how much they waste. I would set a day each month that I will supply more water to the region. This is not punishment, it is only reasonable. It will not ruin the society, it will save it. I would build consensus among the groups by persuasion and compressment.

Design a controlled experiment to test the hypothesis that acid precipitation inhibits the growth of Elodea, a common freshwater plant (see Figure 2.19).
acid rain lab: basically get two of the same plants and grow one with normal water and the other with acid rain. after a certain amount of time the normal water one should grow more/bigger leaves etc etc and that will prove your hypothesis

In agricultural areas, farmers pay close attention to the weather forecast. Right before a predicted overnight freeze, farmers spray water on crops to protect the plants. Use the

properties of water to explain how this method works. Be sure to mention why hydrogen bonds are responsible for this phenomenon. Water freezes at 32 degrees F and stays there. The ice insulates the fruit from temps dropping further than that and actually freezing the fruit. It is due to the fact that the water sprayed on the plants will freeze on the plants due to the low temperatures. As you may know, the freezing of the water causes heat to leave the liquid in order for it to freeze. When the heat does indeed leave the liquid (the water sprayed), it is "absorbed" by the plant. And, hence, helping the plant itself withstand the low temperatures that would otherwise freeze the plant. Draw three water molecules, using space-filling models, and label the atoms. Draw solid lines to indicate covalent bonds and dotted lines for hydrogen bonds. Add partial-charge labels as appropriate.