PRESENTE SIMPLE Affirmative I go You go He goes She goes It goes We go You go They go Affirmative I go to New York - Voy a New

York He goes to New York - El va a New York Negative I don't go to New York - No voy a New York He doesn't go to New York - El no va a New York Interrogative Do I go to New York ? - Voy a New York ? Does he go to New York ? - Va l a New York ?
usos del presente simple Acciones habituales (estilos de vida, hbitos, rutina diaria). Lucas gets up at 9:00 am. Lucas se levanta a las nueve. Paul and I do a lot of things every day. Paul y yo hacemos muchas cosas a diario. Hechos o verdades generales. The sun sets in the west. El sol se pone por el oeste. The Earth goes around the sun. La Tierra gira alrededor del sol. Situaciones permanentes. Maria lives in Buenos Aires. Mara vive en Buenos Aires. It costs a lot of money to stay at the Hilton. Cuesta mucho dinero alojarse en el Hilton. Primer Condicional. If you heat butter, it melts. Si calientas manteca, sta se derrite. Contact me if you need any help. Ponte en contacto conmigo si necesitas ayuda. expresiones usuales del presente simple often - generally - usually - always - never every day - every week - every month - every year - sometimes

Negative I don't go You don't go He doesn't go She doesn't go It doesn't go We don't go You don't go They don't go

Interrogative Do I go ? Do you go ? Does he go ? Does she go ? Does it go ? Do we go ? Do you go ? Do they go ? subject + 1 > "s" (he, she, it)

subject + don't / doesn't + 1

Do / Does + subject + 1 ?

PRESENTE CONTINUO
...ing (...ando, ...endo)

Affirmative I am going You are going He is going She is going It is going We are going You are going They are going Affirmative

Negative I am not going You are not going He is not going She is not going It is not going We are not going You are not going They are not going

Interrogative Am I going ? Are you going ? Is he going ? Is she going ? Is it going ? Are we going ? Are you going ? Are they going ?

subject + am/is/are + 1 > "ing"

I am going to New York - Estoy yendo a New York He is going to New York - El est yendo a New York Negative subject + am/is/are + not + 1 > "ing" I am not going to New York - No estoy yendo a New York He is not going to New York - El no est yendo a New York Interrogative Am/Is/Are + subject + 1 > "ing" ? Am I going to New York ? - Estoy yendo a New York ? Is he going to New York ? - Est l yendo a New York ?
usos del presente continuo Acciones que ocurren en el momento de hablar. Lucas is getting up now. Lucas se est levantando ahora. My wife is having lunch now. Mi esposa est almorzando ahora. Planes futuros que han sido confirmados. The manager is meeting me tonight. El gerente se va a reunir conmigo esta noche. They are arriving tomorrow morning. Van a llegar maana por la maana. Acciones que tendrn lugar en un futuro prximo y sobre las que se ha tomado una resolucin firme. I am going to visit their office in Caracas next week. Voy a visitar su oficina de Caracas la prxima semana. Acciones habituales con sentido negativo que llevan always. Mike is always talking nonsense. Mike siempre est hablando estupideces.

He is always annoying his friends. Siempre est molestando a sus amigos.

verbos que no suelen utilizarse en presente continuo know - like - want - love - hate - need expresiones usuales del presente continuo the next - at moment - now - in this week on Sunday - this evening - tomorrow

PASADO SIMPLE

Affirmative I went You went He went She went It went We went You went They went

Negative I didn't go You didn't go He didn't go She didn't go It didn't go We didn't go You didn't go They didn't go

Interrogative Did I go ? Did you go ? Did he go ? Did she go ? Did it go ? Did we go ? Did you go ? Did they go ?

subject + 2 Affirmative I went to New York - Fui a New York He went to New York - El fue a New York subject + didn't + 1 Negative I didn't go to New York - No fui a New York He didn't go to New York - El no fue a New York Did + subject + 1 ? Interrogative Did I go to New York? - Fui a New York ? Did he go to New York? - Fue l a New York?
usos del pasado simple Acciones pasadas que tuvieron lugar en determinado momento y que ya han finalizado. My parents didn't work last week. Mis padres no trabajaron la semana pasada. Lina worked in a bank from 1995 to 2002. Lina trabaj en un banco desde 1995 a 2002. Hechos pasados expresados en secuencia. Sheila got up at 7 am, had breakfast, took a shower and went to work at 9 am.

Sheila se levant a las 7, desayun, se duch y fue a trabajar a las 9.

expresiones usuales del pasado simple yesterday - last night - before - ago - in 2002 on their vacation - last weekend - last month - last year

PASADO CONTINUO ...ing (...ando, ...endo) Affirmative I was going You were going He was going She was going It was going We were going You were going They were going Affirmative Negative I was not going You were not going He was not going She was not going It was not going We were not going You were not going They were not going Interrogative Was I going ? Were you going ? Was he going ? Was she going ? Was it going ? Were we going ? Were you going ? Were they going ?

subject + was/were + 1 > "ing"

I was going to New York - Estaba (estuve) yendo a New York You were going to New York - Ud. estaba (estuvo) yendo a New York Negative subject + was/were + not + 1 > "ing" I was not going to New York - No estaba (estuve) yendo a New York You were not going to New York - Ud. no estaba (estuvo) yendo a New York Interrogative Was/Were + subject + 1 > "ing" ? Was I going to New York ? - Estaba (estuve) yendo a New York ? Were you going to New York ? - Estaba (estuvo) Ud. yendo a New York ?
usos del pasado continuo Actividades que ocurran en determinado momento del pasado y que continuaron despus. At 11 am I was preparing our lunch. A las 11 estaba preparando nuestro almuerzo. Actividades interrumpidas por acciones ms cortas. When my friend was taking a shower, the telephone rang. Cuando mi amiga estaba duchndose, son el telfono. While Martha was listening to music, her brother did his homework.

Mientras Martha escuchaba msica, su hermano hizo sus deberes Acciones simultneas (ambas en presente continuo). The kids were running and their grandfather was reading an old paper. Los nios estaban corriendo y su abuelo estaba leyendo un antiguo peridico.

PRESENTE PERFECTO

Affirmative I have gone You have gone He has gone She has gone It has gone We have gone You have gone They have gone Affirmative

Negative I haven't gone You haven't gone He hasn't gone She hasn't gone It hasn't gone We haven't gone You haven't gone They haven't gone

Interrogative Have I gone ? Have you gone ? Has he gone ? Has she gone ? Has it gone ? Have we gone ? Have you gone ? Have they gone ? subject + have / has + 3

I have gone to New York - He ido a New York He has gone to New York - El ha ido a New York Negative subject + haven't / hasn't + 3 I haven't gone to New York - No he ido a New York He hasn't gone to New York - El no ha ido a New York Interrogative Have / Has + subject + 3 ? Have I gone to New York? - He ido a New York ? Has he gone to New York? - Ha ido l a New York?
usos del presente perfecto simple Por regla general, se lo utiliza para describir acciones que empezaron en el pasado y que an no han finalizado o que guardan alguna relacin con el presente. Con el adverbio just: acciones que acaban de ocurrir. The President has just arrived from the US. El Presidente acaba de llegar desde EEUU. They both have just left for Bogota. Ambos acaban de partir para Bogot. Con las preposiciones for y since. We have lived in Italy for three years. Hemos vivido en Italia durante tres aos. I haven't heard from you since 1990!! No he tenido noticias tuyas desde 1990!! Con los adverbios yet y already. They haven't taken the Basic Exam yet. No han rendido el Examen Bsico an. I have already taken the Intermediate Exam. Ya he rendido el Examen Intermedio.

Con el grado superlativo de un adjetivo. OM Smiles is one of the funniest section in OM Personal. OM Smiles es una de las secciones ms divertidas de OM Personal. Con las expresiones: It's the first, It's the second, etc. It's the first time I have flown United. Es la primera vez que vuelo por United. It's the second time she has had lunch today. Es la segunda vez que almuerza hoy. expresiones usuales del presente perfecto simple since - for - just - ago - lately yet - already - never - ever - recently

PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTINUO

Affirmative I have been going You have been going He has been going She has been going It has been going We have been going You have been going They have been going Affirmative

Negative I haven't been going You haven't been going He hasn't been going She hasn't been going It hasn't been going We haven't been going You haven't been going They haven't been going

Interrogative Have I been going ? Have you been going ? Has he been going ? Has she been going ? Has it been going ? Have we been going ? Have you been going ? Have they been going ?

subject + have/has + been + 1 > "ing"

I have been going to New York - He estado yendo a New York He has been going to New York - El ha estado yendo a New York Negative subject + haven't / hasn't + been + 1 > "ing" I haven't been going to New York - No he estado yendo a New York He hasn't been going to New York - El no ha estado yendo a New York Interrogative Have / Has + subject + been + 1 > "ing" ? Have I been going to New York? - He estado yendo a New York ? Has he been going to New York? - Ha estado l yendo a New York?
usos del presente perfecto continuo Actividades que comenzaron en el pasado y continan en el presente y resaltan la duracin del proceso. Monica and her husband have been living in Barcelona for ten years. Mnica y su esposo llevan viviendo en Barcelona diez aos. Acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y pueden o no haber finalizado recientemente y

resaltan la duracin del proceso. The weather is really bad. It has been raining all night. El tiempo est realmente malo. Ha estado lloviendo toda la noche. Acciones del pasado que acaban de concluir y cuyo estado es evidente. Hmm. Nice smelling!! Have you been cooking your birthday cake? Hmm. Qu lindo aroma!! Has estado cocinando tu torta de cumpleaos?

PAST PERFECT

Affirmative I had gone You had gone He had gone She had gone It had gone We had gone You had gone They had gone Affirmative

Negative I hadn't gone You hadn't gone He hadn't gone She hadn't gone It hadn't gone We hadn't gone You hadn't gone They hadn't gone

Interrogative Had I gone ? Had you gone ? Had he gone ? Had she gone ? Had it gone ? Had we gone ? Had you gone ? Had they gone ? subject + had + 3

I had gone to New York - Yo haba ido a New York He had gone to New York - El haba a New York Negative subject + hadn't + 3 I hadn't gone to New York - Yo no haba ido a New York He hadn't gone to New York - El no haba ido a New York Interrogative Had + subject + 3 ? Had I gone to New York? - Haba ido yo a New York ? Had he gone to New York? - Haba ido l a New York?
usos del pasado perfecto simple Accin del pasado que tuvo lugar antes que otra. Her plane had already left when Thelma arrived at the airport. Su vuelo ya haba partido cuando Thelma lleg al aeropuerto. Con el adverbio just para expresar una accin que acaba de ocurrir. When Oliver phoned, the kids had just gone to bed. Cuando Oliver llam por telfono, los nios acababan de acostarse. Tercer Condicional. If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you. Si hubiese sabido que estabas enfermo, te habra ido a ver.

PASADO PERFECTO CONTINUO

Affirmative I had been going You had been going He had been going She had been going It had been going We had been going You had been going They had been going Affirmative

Negative I hadn't been going You hadn't been going He hadn't been going She hadn't been going It hadn't been going We hadn't been going You hadn't been going They hadn't been going

Interrogative Had I been going ? Had you been going ? Had he been going ? Had she been going ? Had it been going ? Had we been going ? Had you been going ? Had they been going ?

subject + had + been + 1 > "ing"

I had been going to New York - Haba estado yendo a New York He had been going to New York - El haba estado yendo a New York Negative subject + hadn't + been + 1 > "ing" I hadn't been going to New York - No haba estado yendo a New York He hadn't been going to New York - El no haba estado yendo a New York Interrogative Had + subject + been + 1 > "ing" ? Had I been going to New York? - Haba estado yo yendo a New York ? Had he been going to New York? - Haba estado l yendo a New York?
usos del pasado perfecto continuo Resalta la duracin de una accin que ocurri en el pasado antes que otra. I was very tired when I arrived home. I had been working hard all day. Estaba muy cansado cuando llegu a casa. Haba estado trabajando mucho todo el da. Ken had been smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up. Ken haba estado fumando durante treinta aos cuando finalmente dej de fumar. The soccer game had to be stopped. They had been playing for half an hour when a terrible storm began. El partido de ftbol tuvo que ser detenido. Haban estado jugando durante media hora cuando empez una espantosa tormenta.

FUTURO SIMPLE

Affirmative I will go You will go He will go

Negative I won't go You won't go He won't go

Interrogative Will I go ? Will you go ? Will he go ?

She will go It will go We will go You will go They will go Affirmative

She won't go It won't go We won't go You won't go They won't go

Will she go ? Will it go ? Will we go ? Will you go ? Will they go ? subject + will + 1

I will go to New York - Ir a New York He will go to New York - El ir a New York Negative I won't go to New York - No ir a New York He won't go to New York - El no ir a New York Interrogative Will I go to New York ? - Ir a New York ? Will he go to New York ? - Ir l a New York ?
usos del futuro simple Acciones que se van a desarrollar con certeza en el futuro. I will play tennis tomorrow. Jugar tenis maana. OM Personal will be six in 2005. OM Personal cumplir seis aos en el 2005. Prediccin en el futuro. It will snow tomorrow. Nevar maana. Promesas. "Every Argentinian will have a job in this blessed country." (Carlos Menem) "Todo Argentino tendr un puesto de trabajo en este bendito pas." (Carlos Menem) Ofrecimientos. I will stay with you all night if you really need it. Me quedar contigo toda la noche si realmente lo necesitas. Suele utilizarse el auxiliar shall (o su contraccin 'll) para el futuro de la primera persona del singular y del plural. We shall go to the movies = We will go to the movies We'll go to the movies. Iremos al cine. expresiones usuales del futuro simple tomorrow - the day after tomorrow - in 2010 next Monday - next week - next month - next year

subject + won't (will not) + 1

Will + subject + 1 ?

FUTURO CONTINUO ...ing (...ando, ...endo) Affirmative I will be going You will be going He will be going She will be going It will be going We will be going You will be going They will be going Affirmative Negative I will not be going You will not be going He will not be going She will not be going It will not be going We will not be going You will not be going They will not be going Interrogative Will I be going ? Will you be going ? Will he be going ? Will she be going ? Will it be going ? Will we be going ? Will you be going ? Will they be going ?

subject + will be + 1 > "ing"

I will be going to New York - Estar yendo a New York He will be going to New York - El estar yendo a New York Negative subject + won't (will not) be + 1 > "ing" I won't be going to New York - No estar yendo a New York He won't be going to New York - El no estar yendo a New York Interrogative Will + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ? Will I be going to New York ? - Estar yendo a New York ? Will he be going to New York ? - Estar l yendo a New York ?
usos del futuro continuo Acciones que van a tener lugar en el futuro y que, al momento del tiempo al que nos referimos, seguirn desarrollndose. No siempre se menciona en la oracin el momento del futuro. We will be watching TV. Estaremos viendo televisin. Tonight we will be watching TV. Esta noche estaremos viendo televisin. She will be visiting me. Me estar visitando. She will be visiting me on Sunday. Me estar visitando el domingo. expresiones usuales del futuro continuo tomorrow - the day after tomorrow - in 2010 next Monday - next week - next month - next year

FUTURO PERFECTO

Affirmative I will have gone You will have gone He will have gone She will have gone It will have gone We will have gone You will have gone They will have gone

Negative I will not have gone You will not have gone He will not have gone She will not have gone It will not have gone We will not have gone You will not have gone They will not have gone

Interrogative Will I have gone ? Will you have gone ? Will he have gone ? Will she have gone ? Will it have gone ? Will we have gone ? Will you have gone ? Will they have gone ?

NEGATIVE CONTRACTION: WILL NOT = WON'T Affirmative subject + will have + 3

I will have gone to New York - Habr ido a New York He will have gone to New York - El habr ido a New York Negative subject + won't have + 3 I won't have gone to New York - No habr ido a New York He won't have gone to New York - El no habr ido a New York Interrogative Will + subject + have + 3 ? Will I have gone to New York? - Habr ido a New York ? Will he have gone to New York? - Habr ido l a New York?
usos del futuro perfecto Acciones que ya se estn desarrollando o que se van a desarrollar en el futuro, pero que cuando llegue ese momento futuro que se menciona la accin ya habr finalizado. By tomorrow I will have finished my book. Para maana, habr terminado este libro. Before winter, you will have sold your old car. Antes del invierno, habrs vendido tu antiguo automvil. Before we arrive home, Mom will have prepared our breakfast. Antes de que lleguemos a casa, mam habr preparado nuestro desayuno. We will not have finished these reports by 7 pm!! No habremos finalizado estos informes para las 7 de la tarde!! expresiones usuales del futuro perfecto by 10 pm - by Monday - by tomorrow - by 2010 by next week - by next month - by next year

FUTURO PERFECTO CONTINUO ...ing (...ando, ...endo) Affirmative I will have been going You will have been going He will have been going She will have been going It will have been going We will have been going You will have been going They will have been going Affirmative Negative I will not have been going You will not have been going He will not have been going She will not have been going It will not have been going We will not have been going You will not have been going They will not have been going Interrogative Will I have been going ? Will you have been going ? Will he have been going ? Will she have been going ? Will it have been going ? Will we have been going ? Will you have been going ? Will they have been going ?

subject + will have been + 1 > "ing"

I will have been going to New York - Habr estado yendo a New York He will have been going to New York - El habr estado yendo a New York Negative subject + won't (will not) have beeen + 1 > "ing" I won't have been going to New York - No habr estado yendo a New York He won't have been going to New York - El no habr estado yendo a New York Interrogative Will + subject + have been + 1 > "ing" ? Will I have been going to New York ? - Habr estado yendo a New York ? Will he have been going to New York ? - Habr l estado yendo a New York ?
usos del futuro perfecto continuo Acontecimientos o acciones pertenecientes a un perodo de tiempo entre ahora y algn momento del futuro, que puede ser incompleto. I will have been waiting here for five hours by 10 pm. Habr estado esperando aqu durante cinco horas cuando sean las 10 de la noche. By the time you finish our OM Basic Course, you will have been learning American English for six months. Para cuando finalices nuestro OM Curso Bsico, habrs estado aprediendo Ings Americano durante seis meses. By 2100 OM Personal will have been teaching on the Internet for a century. Para el 2100 OM Personal habr estado enseando en Internet durante un siglo. expresiones usuales del futuro perfecto continuo By the time you ... - By 2020 ... - By 8:00 am tomorrow ...

CONDICIONAL

Affirmative I would go You would go He would go She would go It would go We would go You would go They would go Affirmative

Negative I wouldn't go You wouldn't go He wouldn't go She wouldn't go It wouldn't go We wouldn't go You wouldn't go They wouldn't go

Interrogative Would I go ? Would you go ? Would he go ? Would she go ? Would it go ? Would we go ? Would you go ? Would they go ? subject + would + 1

I would go to New York - Yo ira a New York He would go to New York - El ira a New York Negative subject + wouldn't + 1 I wouldn't go to New York - Yo no ira a New York He wouldn't go to New York - El no ira a New York Interrogative Would + subject + 1 ? Would I go to New York ? - Ira yo a New York ? Would he go to New York ? - Ira l a New York ?
usos del condicional simple Comentarios acerca de algo que no es real en el presente pero que puede ser posible. I would visit her if I had time. (I haven't got time but I might have some time) Yo la visitara si tuviese tiempo. (Realmente no tengo tiempo pero podra tenerlo) Comentarios acerca de una situacin que no es real en estos momentos y que nunca podra serlo. If I were you, I would give up smoking. (but I could never be you). Si estuviera en tu lugar, dejara el cigarrillo. (pero nunca podra estar en tu lugar) Segundo Condicional (Condicional tipo II). If I were a plant, I would love the rain. Si fuera un rbol, me encantara la lluvia. If you really loved me, you would buy me a Mercedes XL600. Si realmente me amaras, me compraras un Mercedes XL600. Would your father go to see the match if I gave him a free ticket? Ira tu padre a ver el partido si le diese una entrada gratis? expresiones usuales del condicional simple

If I were ... - If she were ...

CONDICIONAL CONTINUO ...ing (...ando, ...endo) Affirmative I would be going You would be going He would be going She would be going It would be going We would be going You would be going They would be going Affirmative Negative I would not be going You would not be going He would not be going She would not be going It would not be going We would not be going You would not be going They would not be going Interrogative Would I be going ? Would you be going ? Would he be going ? Would she be going ? Would it be going ? Would we be going ? Would you be going ? Would they be going ?

subject + would be + 1 > "ing"

I would be going to New York - Yo estara yendo a New York He would be going to New York - El estara yendo a New York Negative subject + wouldn't (would not) be + 1 > "ing" I wouldn't be going to New York - Yo no estara yendo a New York He wouldn't be going to New York - El no estara yendo a New York Interrogative Would + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ? Would I be going to New York ? - Estara yo yendo a New York ? Would he be going to New York ? - Estara l yendo a New York ?
usos del condicional continuo Hechos o situaciones incompletas o contnuas, probablemente como resultado de una condicin irreal. I would be working in New York by now if I spoke American English. (but I don't speak American English at all, so I am not working in New York). Estara trabajando en Nueva York en estos momentos si hablara Ingls Americano. (pero no hablo Ingls Americano, por lo tanto no estoy trabajando en Nueva York). Mabel would be living with Fernando if she wasn't living with her parents. (but Mabel is living with her parents, so she's not living with him). Mabel estara viviendo con Fernando si ella no estuviese viviendo con sus padres. (pero Mabel est viviendo con sus padres, por lo tanto no est viviendo con l). I wouldn't be eating this horrible cake if I wasn't extremely hungry. (but I'm starvng now, so I'm eating it). No estara comiendo esta espantosa torta si no tuviese tanto apetito.

(pero me estoy muriendo de hambre, por lo tanto la estoy comiendo). expresiones usuales del condicional continuo If I had... I would... I wouldn't... if I had...

CONDICIONAL PERFECTO SIMPLE

Affirmative I would have gone You would have gone He would have gone She would have gone It would have gone We would have gone You would have gone They would have gone Affirmative

Negative I wouldn't have gone You wouldn't have gone He wouldn't have gone She wouldn't have gone It wouldn't have gone We wouldn't have gone You wouldn't have gone They wouldn't have gone

Interrogative Would I have gone ? Would you have gone ? Would he have gone ? Would she have gone ? Would it have gone ? Would we have gone ? Would you have gone ? Would they have gone ?

subject + would have + 3

I would have gone to New York - Yo habra ido a New York He would have gone to New York - El habra ido a New York Negative subject + wouldn't have + 3 I wouldn't have gone to New York - Yo no habra ido a New York He wouldn't have gone to New York - El no habra ido a New York Interrogative Would + subject + have 3 ? Would I have gone to New York? - Habra ido yo a New York ? Would he have gone to New York? - Habra ido l a New York?
usos del condicional perfecto simple Tercer Condicional o Condicional Tipo III. If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you. Si hubiese sabido que estabas enfermo, te habra ido a ver. If she had studied at OM Personal, she would have passed her FCE examination. Si hubiese estudiado en OM Personal, habra aprobado su examen de First Certificate. If I had known that Buenos Aires was so cheap, I would have gone there. Si hubiese sabido que Buenos Aires es tan barato, habra ido all. expresiones usuales del condicional perfecto simple if I had ... - if I were ... - if he were ...

CONDICIONAL PERFECTO CONTINUO ...ing (...ando, ...endo) Affirmative I would have been going You would have been going He would have been going She would have been going It would have been going We would have been going You would have been going They would have been going Affirmative Negative I would not have been going You would not have been going He would not have been going She would not have been going It would not have been going We would not have been going You would not have been going They would not have been going Interrogative Would I have been going ? Would you have been going ? Would he have been going ? Would she have been going ? Would it have been going ? Would we have been going ? Would you have been going ? Would they have been going ?

subject + would have been + 1 > "ing"

I would have been going to New York - Yo habra estado yendo a N.Y. He would have been going to New York - El habra estado yendo a N.Y. Negative subject + wouldn't (would not) have been + 1 > "ing" I wouldn't have been going to New York - No habra estado yendo a N.Y. He wouldn't have been going to New York - El no habra estado yendo a N.Y. Interrogative Would + subject + have been + 1 > "ing" ? Would I have been going to New York ? - Habra yo estado yendo a N.Y. ? Would he have been going to New York ? - Habra l estado yendo a N.Y. ?
usos del condicional perfecto continuo Este tiempo verbal hace referencia al resultado incompleto de la accin de la clusula if y expresa este resultado como una accin continua o no finalizada. Tercer Condicional o Condicional Tipo III. If the weather had been better (but it wasn't), my sister-in-law would have been sitting in the garden when I arrived (but she wasn't and so I didn't see her). Si el tiempo hubiese estado mejor (pero no fue as), mi cuada habra estado sentada en el jardn cuando yo llegu (pero no lo estaba y, por lo tanto, no la v). If the youngsters had known it was dangerous, they would not have been climbing such a mountain. Si los jvenes hubiesen sabido que era peligroso, no habran estado escalando semejante montaa. If I had had more money, I would have been travelling all around Europe with my friends that summer. Si hubiese tenido ms dinero, habra estado recorriendo toda Europa con mis amigos ese verano. expresiones usuales del condicional perfecto continuo

if I had had ... - if he had known ...

MODALES SIMPLES

Affirmative I can go I could go I may go I might go I must go I should go Affirmative

Negative I can't go I couldn't go I may not go I might not go I mustn't go I shouldn't go

Interrogative Can I go ? Could I go ? May I go ? Might I go ? Must I go ? Should I go ? subject + modal + 1

I can go to New York - Puedo ir a New York (posibilidad fsica, conocimiento) I could go to New York - Podra ir a New York (alternativa) I may go to New York - Puedo ir a New York (permiso) I might go to New York - Podra ir a New York (posibilidad) I must go to New York - Debo ir a New York (obligacin) I should go to New York - Debera ir a New York (obligacin moral, consejo) Negative subject + modal + not + 1 I can't go to New York - No puedo ir a New York I couldn't go to New York - No podra ir a New York I may not go to New York - No puedo ir a New York I might not go to New York - No podra ir a New York I mustn't go to New York - No debo ir a New York I shouldn't go to New York - No debera ir a New York Interrogative modal + subject + 1 ? Can I go to New York ? - Puedo ir a New York ? Could I go to New York ? - Podra ir a New York ? May I go to New York ? - Puedo ir a New York ? Might I go to New York ? - Podra ir a New York ? Must I go to New York ? - Debo ir a New York ? Should I go to New York ? - Debera ir a New York ?

MODALES CONTINUOS

Affirmative I can be going I could be going I may be going I might be going I must be going I should be going Affirmative

Negative I can't be going I couldn't be going I may not be going I might not be going I mustn't be going I shouldn't be going

Interrogative Can I be going ? Could I be going ? May I be going ? Might I be going ? Must I be going ? Should I be going ?

subject + modal + be + 1 > "ing"

I can be going to New York - Puedo estar yendo a NY (posib. fsica, conocimiento) I could be going to New York - Podra estar yendo a NY (alternativa) I may be going to New York - Puedo estar yendo a NY (permiso) I might be going to New York - Podra estar yendo a NY (posibilidad) I must be going to New York - Debo estar yendo a NY (obligacin) I should be going to New York - Debera estar yendo a NY (oblig. moral, consejo) Negative subject + modal + not be + 1 > "ing" I can't be going to New York - No puedo estar yendo a NY I couldn't be going to New York - No podra estar yendo a NY I may not be going to New York - No puedo estar yendo a NY I might not be going to New York - No podra estar yendo a NY I mustn't be going to New York - No debo estar yendo a NY I shouldn't be going to New York - No debera estar yendo a NY Interrogative modal + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ? Can I be going to New York ? - Puedo estar yendo a NY ? Could I be going to New York ? - Podra estar yendo a NY ? May I be going to New York ? - Puedo estar yendo a NY? Might I be going to New York ? - Podra estar yendo a NY ? Must I be going to New York ? - Debo estar yendo a NY ? Should I be going to New York ? - Debera estar yendo a NY ? CONDICIONALES : 4TIPOS
conditional type 0 >> ZERO CONDITIONAL IF + SIMPLE PRESENT + SIMPLE PRESENT Used for scientific facts or general truths (usado para expresar verdades cientficas, hechos que nunca cambian o situaciones que siempre ocurren). Algunos gramticos incluyen este tipo de condicional dentro de

FIRST CONDITIONAL o Conditional Type I. If you heat butter, it melts. Si calientas manteca, sta se derrite. If you put water in a cooler, it freezes. Si colocas agua en el congelador, sta se congela. If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils. Si calientas agua a 100 grados, sta hierve. If you cross an international date line, the time changes. Si cruzas una lnea de tiempo internacional, la hora cambia. If you drop ice in water, it floats. Si tiras hielo al agua, ste flota. If iron gets wet, it rusts. Si el hierro se moja, se oxida. conditional type I >> FIRST CONDITIONAL Used to talk about things which are possible in the present or the future. It is generally used for things which may happen (utilizado para cosas que pueden ocurrir en presente o futuro). a) IF + SIMPLE PRESENT + SIMPLE FUTURE If you study hard, you will pass your exams. Si estudias intensamente aprobars tus exmenes. If we do not protect the panda bears, they will soon become extinct. Si no protegemos a los osos panda, pronto se extinguirn. b) IMPERATIVE + OR / AND + SIMPLE FUTURE Used for threats and promises (usado para expresar amenazas y promesas) Don't say a word about this, or I will kill you. No cuentes una palabra de esto o te mato. Finish your job, and you will have a bonus. Termina tu tarea y tendrs una gratificacin. c) IMPERATIVO + IF / IN CASE + SIMPLE PRESENT Contact me if you need any help. Ponte en contacto conmigo si necesitas ayuda. Call them in case you need help. Llmalos en caso de necesitar ayuda. NOTE: In cases b and d above, you can replace IF (si) by UNLESS (a menos que)

conditional type II >> SECOND CONDITIONAL Used to talk about things which are unreal (not true or not possible) in the present or the future. It is generally used for things which don't or won't happen. It is generally used for things which may happen (utilizado en presente o futuro para expresar situaciones hipotticas, que normalmente son irreales o imposibles). IF + SIMPLE PAST + SIMPLE CONDITIONAL If FIRST verb in the sentence is TO BE, WERE is used for all persons. (Si el PRIMER verbo de la oracin es TO BE, se usa WERE para todas las personas) If I were rich, I would buy a castle.

Si fuera rico, comprara un castillo. If I were him, I would go and see a doctor. Si fuera l -en su lugar- consultara con un mdico. If elephants had wings, they would be able to fly. Si los elefantes tuvieran alas, podran volar. NOTE: You can replace IF (si) by UNLESS (a menos que) in the examples above.

conditional type III >> THIRD CONDITIONAL Used to talk about unreal situations in the past, that is, things which did not happen in the past. (utilizado para expresar situaciones irreales que nunca sucedieron en el pasado y, en general, dentro de un contexto de crtica, queja o remordimiento). En espaol tienes una construccin similar por lo cual este condicional no debera resultar complicado. IF + PAST PERFECT + CONDITIONAL PERFECT If FIRST verb in the sentence is TO BE, WERE is used for all persons. (Si el PRIMER verbo de la oracin es TO BE, se usa WERE para todas las personas) If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you. Si hubiese sabido que estabas enfermo, te habra ido a ver. The real situation was that I didn't know you were sick. So I say If I had known... When you are talking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (I had known) after IF. If you had saved your money, you could have bought a laptop. Si hubieses ahorrado tu dinero, podras haberte comprado una computadora. The real situation was that you didn't save your money. So they say If you had saved... When you are talking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (I had known) after IF. If you hadn't been late for work so often, they wouldn't have fired you. Si no hubieses llegado tarde al trabajo tan seguido, no te habran despedido. The real situation was that you wasn't early for work. So they say If you hadn't been late... When you are talking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (I had known) after IF. NOTE: You can replace IF (si) by UNLESS (a menos que) in the examples above.

Estilo indirecto - Reported Speech

El Estilo indirecto o Reported speech es una estructura que se emplea cuando queremos decir o hacer mencin sobre algo que alguien ha dicho previamente. Direct speech
(estilo directo)

Reported speech
(estilo indirecto)

"I always drink coffee". She said.

"Yo siempre bebo caf." Ella dijo.

She said that she always drank coffee.

Ella dijo que ella siempre beba caf.

Para hacer mencin sobre lo que alguien ha dicho usamos verbos como explain, promise, say, tell, suggest... Aunque los ms utilizados son say y tell. No es necesario cambiar el tiempo del verbo si el verbo de la oracin principal est en presente. En el ejemplo anterior podramos decir: She said that she always

drink coffee. Para introducir lo que ha dicho, usamos that aunque muchas veces se puede omitir esta palabra. Al convertir una oracin de "Direct Speech" a "Reported Speech" tenemos en cuenta que el verbo principal retrocede un tiempo verbal. Tabla de cambios que sufre el verbo: Direct speech present simple I am happy I sleep present continuos I am feeling happy I am sleeping Reported speech past simple He said he was happy He said he slept past continuos He said he was feeling happy He said he was sleeping past perfect He said he had been happy He said he had slept past perfect He said he had been happy He said he had slept past perfect continuos present perfect continuos I have been feeling happy I have been sleeping He said he had been feeling happy He said he had been sleeping future I will be happy I will sleep simple conditional He said he would be happy He said he would sleep simple conditional future perfect I will have been happy I will have sleep perfect He said he would have been happy He said he would have slept

past simple I was happy I slept

present perfect I have been happy I have slept

Verbos modales Direct speech CAN I can sleep MAY I may sleep WILL I will sleep MUST I must sleep Reported speech COULD He said he could sleep MIGHT He said he might sleep WOULD He said he would sleep HAD TO He said he had to sleep

Cambios que pueden sufrir algunas partculas de lugar y tiempo: now tonight today last night this morning this week next week next year here at that moment, then that night that day the night before that morning that week the following week the year after there

Reported Speech: questions En las oraciones interrogativas usamos el mismo orden gramatical: el sujeto va despus del verbo pero no es necesario usar el auxiliar "do" o "did".
Direct speech Reported speech

"Where do Susan and Ann work? "

"Dnde trabajan Susan y Ann?"

He asked me where Susan and Ann worked.

l me pregunt dnde trabajaban Mary y Tom.

La voz pasiva - The Passive Voice

Podemos enfocar la accin del verbo en el sujeto (voz activa) o en el objeto (voz pasiva). Ejemplos: Voz Activa: The porter carries the bags. (el portero lleva los bolsos) Voz Pasiva: The bags are carried by the porter. (los bolsos son llevados por el portero) Reglas gramaticales La voz pasiva se forma utilizando el verbo to be + el verbo principal en participio (past participle). Para transformar una oracion activa a pasiva tenemos en cuenta los siguientes puntos: El objeto de la oracin activa pasa a ser el sujeto de la pasiva El verbo principal se sustituye por el auxiliar "to be", en su mismo tiempo, junto al verbo principal en participio. El sujeto de la oracin principal pasa a ser complemento agente de la pasiva Si hacemos mencin en la oracin al sujeto que realiza la accin (sujeto agente), ste ir normalmente introducido por la preposicin by: Tabla de cambios verbales en la transformacin de Voz Activa a Voz Pasiva Tomando en cuenta los puntos anteriormente mencionados, en este esquema vemos los cambios que sufre el tiempo verbal de una oracion activa al ser transformada a oracion pasiva. Usamos como ejemplo: to write a letter (escribir una carta) write (presente/present) / wrote (pasado/past) / written (participio/participle) Tiempo verbal de la frase activa present present continuos past past continuos present perfect past perfect future future II modals modals modals Usos de la voz pasiva Frase activa I write a letter I'm writing a letter I wrote a letter I was writing a letter I've written a letter I had written a letter I will write a letter I'm going to write a letter I have to write a letter I should write a letter I must write a letter Frase pasiva The letter is written The letter is being written The letter was written The letter was being written The letter has been written The letter had been written The letter will be written The letter is going to be written The letter has to be written The letter should be written The letter must be written

- Usamos la voz pasiva cuando queremos dar importancia a "lo que pas" ms que a quin hizo la accin. ejemplo: Her money was stolen. (su dinero fue robado) - Tambin usamos la voz pasiva para mantener un mismo sujeto en varias frases: ejemplo: I met that woman. I was surprised at how attractive she was... (Me encontr con esa mujer. Me qued sorprendido de lo hermosa que era.) En este ejemplo la persona se mantiene ella misma como sujeto. Tambin usamos la voz pasiva para describir procesos cientficos. ejemplo: The water is heated to a temperature of from 60 to 80 C. (El agua es hervida a una temperatura de entre 60 a 80 grados). El artculo en ingls - El artculo determinado Los artculos en ingls, a diferencia del castellano, no tienen gnero. En muchas ocasiones la nocin de masculino, femenino o neutro coincide en castellano, pero no siempre es as. As por ejemplo, en castellano decimos: El coche "gnero masculino", en ingls es The car "gnero neutro: it", aunque podemos observar que en formas coloquiales podemos referirnos al coche adjudicndole gnero femenino: "My car let me down last night, she broke down". The article definite/El artculo determinado The corresponde a los siguientes artculos en espaol el, la, los, las. Tanto se utiliza para las formas singulares como para formas plurales.
Ejemplos:

The boy (el nio) masculino-singular The boys (los nios) masculino-plural The girl (la nia) femenino-singular The girls (las nias) femenino-plural The book (el libro) neutro-singular The books (los libros) neutro-plural Este artculo puede ir precedido de las preposiciones of, to. En ingls no hay contraccin de preposicin y artculo. "Del" y "al" se traducen por: of the (del) to the (al).
Ejemplos:

Days of the week (das de la semana) I'm going to the garden (me voy al jardn) Usos del artculo The - En qu casos utilizamos The?

Cuando sabemos de quin o de qu estamos hablando.

Utilizamos "the" para indicar algo o alguien en particular, por ello se llama definido. Hablamos de algo o alguien concreto que tanto el emisor como el receptor del mensaje conocen porque ya ha salido anteriormente en la conversacin o porque los

dos lo conocen previamente.

Ejemplo: Do you remember the day we went to New York?
(Recuerdas el da que fuimos a Nueva York?)

Cuando est claro a lo que nos referimos.

tu madre?)

Ejemplo: Where is the shop your mother works in? (Dnde esta la tienda en que trabaja

Para referirnos a nombres de lugares que se refieran a repblicas, estados o reinados.

Ejemplo: We visited the United States (Visitamos los Estados Unidos)

Con los nombres plurales de mares, ocanos, canales y rios.

Ejemplo: The Pennines (Las montaas Penines)

Cuando nombramos lugares de ocio o lugares emblemticos.

Ejemplo: We visited the Eiffel tower (Visitamos la torre Eiffel)

Uilizamos The con la partcula "same", de la misma manera que se utiliza en espaol.
Ejemplo: Your dress is the same as mine. (Tu vestido es como el mio)

Utilizamos The con la partcula "of"

Ejemplo: The house of Commons (la casa de los comunes-parlamento)

Para hacer referencia a los puntos cardinales north, south, east, west.
Ejemplo: The south of France (El sur de Francia)

Con los adjetivos en grado superlativo:

Ejemplo: My dog is the best dog in the world (Mi perro es el mejor perro del mundo)

Con el verbo go+to: lugares de ocio (teatro, cine), consultores mdicos, consultores legales (abogados, etc), lugares que sierven de punto de encuentro

(aeropuertos, centro ciudad...), tiendas especializadas (farmacias, panaderas, etc) Cuando No usamos el artculo The

Cuando hablamos de algo en general.

Nunca utilizaremos the cuando nos referimos a la television, o cuando nos referimos a las pasadas o futuras horas de las comidas, los das de la semana, los meses del ao, las estaciones, los aos.
Ejemplos:

I dont like what is on tv tonight (No me gusta lo que dan por la tele esta noche) They will call me next week (Me llamarn la semana que viene)

Delante de nombres de personas aunque estos estn precedidos de ttulos. Con el verbo go + to: work, school, university, college, hospital, prision, church, bed

Con el verbo go sin preposicin: home

En general no se utiliza el artculo con nombres de lugares, aunque hay algunas excepciones como hemos visto en el apartado anterior. En general no se utliliza el artculo con nombres de ciudades, aunque hay algunas excepciones como hemos visto en el apartado anterior.

What...? Where...?

www.blenglish.com

Tiempos Verbales - Verb Tenses: Present perfect

Qu...? Dnde...?

When...? Who...? Whose...? How...? Why...? Which...?

Cundo...? Quin...? De quin...? Cmo...? Por qu...? Cul...?

What kind of music do you like? ( Qu tipo de msica te gusta?) What is the weather like? (Qu tiempo hace?) What's he like? (Cmo es l?) What does he like? (Qu le gusta a l?) What does he look like? (Cmo es l? -de aspecto-) Which do you prefer jazz or pop? (Cul msica prefieres jazz o pop?) Who's that man? (Quin es ese hombre ?) Who's got my bag? (Quin tiene mi bolso?) Whose bag is this? (De quin es este bolso?) Where is Santa Monica? (Dnde est Santa Mnica?) When is your birthday? (Cundo es tu cumpleaos?) Why are you in a hurry? (Por qu tienes prisa?) How is your mother? (Cmo est tu madre?) How do you spell your name? (Cmo se deletrea tu nombre?) How old are you? (Cuntos aos tienes?) How tall are you? (Cmo eres de alto?) How much money do you have got? (Cunto dinero tienes?) How many tickets do you want? (Cuntas entradas quieres?) How long have you lived in this town? (Cunto tiempo has vivido en esta ciudad?) Objeto y sujeto Who y what pueden actuar como objeto o como sujeto en una oracin interrogativa. Si actan como sujeto no utilizarn auxiliar (do,will,be...) para preguntar. En cambio, si actan como objeto debern preguntar con el auxiliar.
Sintaxis de la pregunta cuando who y what actan como objeto Question word + Auxilar + Sujeto + verbo en infinitivo Who did you ring? (a quin llamaste?)

Sintaxis de la pregunta cuando who y what actan como sujeto Question word +verbo + objeto Who rang you? (quin te llam?) ejemplo1:

Fred
sujeto

saw
verbo

Julia
objeto

Who saw Julia? Fred --> pregunta de sujeto (Quin vi a Julia?) Who did Fred see? Julia --> pregunta de objeto
ejemplo2: (A quin vi Fred?)

Oracin principal

Dany asked the teacher.

profesor? Dani)

(Dani pregunt al profesor) (quin pregunt al

1) Preguntamos por el sujeto 2) Preguntamos por el objeto

Who asked the teacher ? Dany Who did Dany ask? the teacher
Dani?Al profesor) ejemplo3:

(a quin pregunt

He saw a woman being murdered 1) Who saw a woman? him 2) Who did he see? a woman being murdered
ejemplo4:

I went to the party with Emely 1) Who went with me? Emely 2) Who did Emely go with? me Adems, generalmente ponemos las preposiciones al final de las oraciones interrogativas.
ejemplo:

What are you talking about? correcto About what are you talking? incorrecto
INDEFINITE ARTICLE / ARTCULO INDEFINIDO DEL INGLS El significado de a o an es el mismo y se utilizan para indicar algo o alguien en singular. Nunca lo utilizaremos para referirnos a ms de una cosa. A o an, corresponde a los siguientes artculos en espaol: un, una. Usos del artculo a/an Se utiliza para hablar del oficio de alguien.
Ejemplo: Maria is a journalist. (Maria es periodista)

O para definr algo o a alguien o decimos algo de alguna cosa o de alguien.

Ejemplos:

A dog is an animal (El perro es un animal) James is a nasty person (James es mala persona)

REGLAS GRAMATICALES

A se utiliza con nombres que comienzan por consonante. a book (un libro) a pen (un bolgrafo) a chair (una silla)

Usamos a antes de una palabra comenzada por la letra u cuando esta es pronunciada como el sonido figurado "yu". Ejemplo: a university

An se usa con nombres que comienzan por vocal. an animal (un animal) an answer (una contestacin) an example (un ejemplo) Excepcion: An hotel
Adjetivos: Los comparativos y superlativos Adjectives: Comparatives and Superlatives

Grados del adjetivo: Al igual que en en espaol, cuando queremos hacer comparaciones contrastamos cualidades o atributos por medio de adjetivos en sus diversos grados: 1. El grado positivo: es la cualidad en el grado ms simple: fast (rpido) 2. El grado comparativo: - comparativo de superioridad: faster than ... ms rpido que .... - comparativo de inferioridad: less fast than ... menos rpido que .... - comparativo de igualdad: as fast as .... tan rpido como ... 3. El grado superlativo: the fastest ... el ms rpido Formacin del comparativo y del superlativo: Para formar el comparativo o superlativo aplicaremos diferentes reglas segn los siguientes grupos: 1. Para adjetivos cortos o de una slaba: - La comparacin: Para formar el comparativo aadimos al adjetivo la terminacin -er: Por ejemplo, al adjetivo fast (rpido) le aadimos -er: faster (ms rpido) Ejemplos: A train is faster than a bicycle.(Un tren es ms rpido que una bicicleta.) The sea is larger than a lake. (El mar es ms grande que un lago.) - El superlativo: Para formar el superlativo aadiremos al adjetivo -est, adems el adjetivo ir precedido del artculo The.

Por ejemplo, al adjetivo old (viejo) le aadimos -est: the oldest (el ms viejo/mayor) Ejemplos: My father is the oldest. (Mi padre es el ms mayor) My house is the largest. (Mi casa es la ms grande) 2. Para los adjetivos acabados en "y", "er", "le", "ow" de dos slabas: - La comparacin: Para formar comparaciones se aade la terminacin -er. Y si acaban en y, esta se sustituir por la i latina. Por ejemplo, el adjetivo easy (fcil) acabar con -ier: easier (ms fcil) Ejemplos: This work is easier than yours (Este trabajo es ms fcil que el tuyo.) I'm cleverer than her (Soy ms inteligente que ella.) My car is slower than yours (Mi coche es ms lento que el tuyo.) - El superlativo: Para formar el superlativo aadiremos -est. Y si acaban en y, esta se sustituir por la i latina. Adems siempre ir precedido por el artculo The. Por ejemplo el adjetivo ugly (feo) acabar con -iest: the ugliest (el ms feo) Ejemplos: This man is the ugliest. (Este hombre es el ms feo.) 3. Para adjetivos largos de dos o ms slabas - La comparacin: Para formar comparaciones, el adjetivo ir precedido de la palabra more. Por ejemplo, el adjetivo modern (moderno) ser more modern (ms moderno) Ejemplos: This house is more modern. (Esta casa es ms moderna.) - El superlativo: Para formar el superlativo, el adjetivo ir precedido por : The + most El adjetivo beautiful (hermoso) ser: The most beautiful (el ms hermoso). Ejemplos: This woman is the most beautiful. (Esta mujer es la ms hermosa).

Los adjetivos irregulares: Son los adjetivos que tienen una sintaxis particular para comparaciones y superlativos:
adjetivo comparacin superlativo

good bad far old many/much little Otros ejemplos:

better worse further-farther older / eldest more less

The best The worst The furthet-farthest oldest / eldest most least

I'm stronger. (Soy ms fuerte.) I'm stronger than you. (Soy ms fuerte que t.) This car is more comfortable than yours. (Este coche es ms cmodo que el tuyo.) She's got the same dress than yours. (Tiene el mismo vestido que t.) You're as fast as him. ( Eres tan rpido como l.) You're not as good as him! (No eres tan bueno como l!) He's the richest man in the town. (Es el hombre ms rico de la ciudad.) She's the most beautiful actress I know. (Ella es la actriz ms hermosa que conozco.)
LISTA de ADJETIVOS COMPARATIVO-SUPERLATIVO

able abler ablest achy achier achiest acute acuter acutest airy airier airiest ample ampler amplest angry angrier angriest apt apter aptest arty artier artiest ashy ashier ashiest bad worse worst baggy baggier baggiest bald balder baldest balky balkier balkiest balmy balmier balmiest bare barer barest batty battier battiest beady beadier beadiest beastly beastlier beastliest beefy beefier beefiest big bigger biggest bitter bitterer bitterest black blacker blackest bland blander blandest blank blanker blankest bleak bleaker bleakest bleary blearier bleariest blind blinder blindest blithe blither blithest blond blonder blondest bloody bloodier bloodiest blotchy blotchier blotchiest blowzy blowzier blowziest blue bluer bluest

blunt blunter bluntest blurry blurrier blurriest boggy boggier boggiest bold bolder boldest bonny bonnier bonniest bony bonier boniest bossy bossier bossiest botchy botchier botchiest bouncy bouncier bounciest brainy brainier brainiest brambly bramblier brambliest brash brasher brashest brassy brassier brassiest bratty brattier brattiest brave braver bravest brawny brawnier brawniest breathy breathier breathiest breezy breezier breeziest brief briefer briefest bright brighter brightest briny brinier briniest brisk brisker briskest bristly bristlier bristliest broad broader broadest broody broodier broodiest brown browner brownest brusk brusker bruskest bubbly bubblier bubbliest bulgy bulgier bulgiest bulky bulkier bulkiest bumpy bumpier bumpiest

bunchy bunchier bunchiest burly burlier burliest bushy bushier bushiest busy busier busiest cagy cagier cagiest calm calmer calmest campy campier campiest canny cannier canniest catchy catchier catchiest catty cattier cattiest chalky chalkier chalkiest chancy chancier chanciest chaste chaster chastest chatty chattier chattiest cheap cheaper cheapest cheeky cheekier cheekiest cheery cheerier cheeriest cheesy cheesier cheesiest chewy chewier chewiest chilly chillier chilliest chintzy chintzier chintziest choice choicer choicest choosy choosier choosiest choppy choppier choppiest chubby chubbier chubbiest chummy chummier chummiest chunky chunkier chunkiest civil civiler civilest

clammy clammier clammiest classy classier classiest clean cleaner cleanest cleanly cleanlier cleanliest clear clearer clearest clever cleverer cleverest clingy clingier clingiest cliquy cliquier cliquiest cloddy cloddier cloddiest close closer closest cloudy cloudier cloudiest clumpy clumpier clumpiest clumsy clumsier clumsiest coarse coarser coarsest cold colder coldest comely comelier comeliest comfy comfier comfiest common commoner commonest cool cooler coolest corky corkier corkiest corny cornier corniest costly costlier costliest coy coyer coyest cozy cozier coziest crabby crabbier crabbiest crackly cracklier crackliest crafty craftier craftiest craggy craggier craggiest cranky crankier crankiest crass crasser crassest crawly crawlier crawliest crazy crazier craziest creaky creakier creakiest creamy creamier creamiest creepy creepier creepiest crinkly crinklier crinkliest crisp crisper crispest crispy crispier crispiest croaky croakier croakiest cross crosser crossest croupy croupier croupiest cruel crueler cruelest crummy crummier crummiest crunchy crunchier crunchiest crusty crustier crustiest cuddly cuddlier cuddliest curly curlier curliest curt curter curtest curvy curvier curviest

cushy cushier cushiest cute cuter cutest daffy daffier daffiest daft dafter daftest dainty daintier daintiest damp damper dampest dandy dandier dandiest dank danker dankest dark darker darkest dead deader deadest deadly deadlier deadliest deaf deafer deafest dear dearer dearest deep deeper deepest deft defter deftest demure demurer demurest dense denser densest dewy dewier dewiest dicey dicier diciest dim dimmer dimmest dingy dingier dingiest dippy dippier dippiest dire direr direst dirty dirtier dirtiest dizzy dizzier dizziest dopey dopier dopiest dotty dottier dottiest dowdy dowdier dowdiest downy downier downiest drab drabber drabbest drafty draftier draftiest dreamy dreamier dreamiest dreary drearier dreariest dressy dressier dressiest droopy droopier droopiest drowsy drowsier drowsiest dry drier driest ducky duckier duckiest dull duller dullest dumb dumber dumbest dumpy dumpier dumpiest dusky duskier duskiest dusty dustier dustiest early earlier earliest earthy earthier earthiest easy easier easiest edgy edgier edgiest eery eerier eeriest empty emptier emptiest faint fainter faintest fair fairer fairest false falser falsest fancy fancier fanciest far farther farthest far further furthest

fast faster fastest fat fatter fattest fatty fattier fattiest faulty faultier faultiest feeble feebler feeblest few fewer fewest fierce fiercer fiercest fiery fierier fieriest filmy filmier filmiest filthy filthier filthiest fine finer finest firm firmer firmest fishy fishier fishiest fit fitter fittest flabby flabbier flabbiest flaky flakier flakiest flashy flashier flashiest flat flatter flattest fleecy fleecier fleeciest fleet fleeter fleetest flighty flightier flightiest flimsy flimsier flimsiest flip flipper flippest floppy floppier floppiest fluffy fluffier fluffiest foamy foamier foamiest foggy foggier foggiest folksy folksier folksiest fond fonder fondest foolhardy foolhardier foolhardiest foul fouler foulest foxy foxier foxiest frail frailer frailest frank franker frankest freaky freakier freakiest free freer freest fresh fresher freshest friendly friendlier friendliest frizzy frizzier frizziest frosty frostier frostiest frothy frothier frothiest frumpy frumpier frumpiest full fuller fullest funky funkier funkiest funny funnier funniest furry furrier furriest fussy fussier fussiest fuzzy fuzzier fuzziest gabby gabbier gabbiest game gamer gamest gamy gamier gamiest gaudy gaudier gaudiest gaunt gaunter gauntest gauzy gauzier gauziest gawky gawkier gawkiest

gentle gentler gentlest germy germier germiest ghastly ghastlier ghastliest giddy giddier giddiest glad gladder gladdest glairy glairier glairiest glassy glassier glassiest gleamy gleamier gleamiest glib glibber glibbest gloomy gloomier gloomiest glossy glossier glossiest gluey gluier gluiest glum glummer glummest godly godlier godliest good better best goodly goodlier goodliest gooey gooier gooiest goofy goofier goofiest gory gorier goriest gouty goutier goutiest grabby grabbier grabbiest grainy grainier grainiest grand grander grandest grassy grassier grassiest grave graver gravest gray grayer grayest greasy greasier greasiest great greater greatest greedy greedier greediest green greener greenest grey greyer greyest grim grimmer grimmest grimy grimier grimiest grippy grippier grippiest gripy gripier gripiest grisly grislier grisliest gritty grittier grittiest grizzly grizzlier grizzliest groggy groggier groggiest groovy groovier grooviest gross grosser grossest grouchy grouchier grouchiest grubby grubbier grubbiest gruff gruffer gruffest grumpy grumpier grumpiest grungy grungier grungiest guilty guiltier guiltiest gummy gummier gummiest gushy gushier gushiest gusty gustier gustiest

gutsy gutsier gutsiest hairy hairier hairiest hammy hammier hammiest handsome handsomer handsomest handy handier handiest happy happier happiest hard harder hardest hardy hardier hardiest harsh harsher harshest hasty hastier hastiest haughty haughtier haughtiest hazy hazier haziest heady headier headiest healthy healthier healthiest hearty heartier heartiest heavy heavier heaviest hefty heftier heftiest high higher highest hip hipper hippest hoarse hoarser hoarsest hokey hokier hokiest holy holier holiest homely homelier homeliest homey homier homiest hot hotter hottest huffy huffier huffiest huge huger hugest humble humbler humblest hungry hungrier hungriest husky huskier huskiest icky ickier ickiest icy icier iciest idle idler idlest ill iller illest inky inkier inkiest itchy itchier itchiest jaunty jauntier jauntiest jazzy jazzier jazziest jerky jerkier jerkiest jolly jollier jolliest jouncy jouncier jounciest juicy juicier juiciest jumpy jumpier jumpiest keen keener keenest kind kinder kindest kindly kindlier kindliest kingly kinglier kingliest knobby knobbier knobbiest knotty knottier knottiest kooky kookier kookiest

lacy lacier laciest lame lamer lamest lank lanker lankest lanky lankier lankiest large larger largest late later latest lax laxer laxest lazy lazier laziest leafy leafier leafiest leaky leakier leakiest lean leaner leanest leery leerier leeriest lengthy lengthier lengthiest light lighter lightest likely likelier likeliest linty lintier lintiest lithe lither lithest little littler littlest lively livelier liveliest loamy loamier loamiest lofty loftier loftiest lonely lonelier loneliest long longer longest loony loonier looniest loose looser loosest lordly lordlier lordliest loud louder loudest lousy lousier lousiest lovely lovelier loveliest low lower lowest lowly lowlier lowliest lucky luckier luckiest lumpy lumpier lumpiest mad madder maddest mangy mangier mangiest manly manlier manliest marshy marshier marshiest mature maturer maturest mealy mealier mealiest mean meaner meanest measly measlier measliest meaty meatier meatiest meek meeker meekest mellow mellower mellowest mere merer merest merry merrier merriest messy messier messiest mighty mightier mightiest mild milder mildest milky milkier milkiest minty mintier mintiest minute minuter minutest misty mistier mistiest moist moister moistest

moldy moldier moldiest moody moodier moodiest mopy mopier mopiest mossy mossier mossiest mouldy mouldier mouldiest mousy mousier mousiest mouthy mouthier mouthiest mucky muckier muckiest muddy muddier muddiest muggy muggier muggiest murky murkier murkiest mushy mushier mushiest musty mustier mustiest naive naiver naivest narrow narrower narrowest nasty nastier nastiest natty nattier nattiest naughty naughtier naughtiest near nearer nearest neat neater neatest needy needier neediest nervy nervier nerviest new newer newest newsy newsier newsiest nice nicer nicest nifty niftier niftiest nimble nimbler nimblest nippy nippier nippiest noble nobler noblest noisy noisier noisiest nosy nosier nosiest numb number numbest nutty nuttier nuttiest obscure obscurer obscurest odd odder oddest oily oilier oiliest old elder eldest old older oldest oozy oozier ooziest pale paler palest palmy palmier palmiest paltry paltrier paltriest pasty pastier pastiest patchy patchier patchiest pearly pearlier pearliest pebbly pebblier pebbliest peppy peppier peppiest perky perkier perkiest pert perter pertest pesky peskier peskiest petty pettier pettiest phlegmy phlegmier phlegmiest

phony phonier phoniest picky pickier pickiest piggy piggier piggiest pimply pimplier pimpliest pink pinker pinkest pithy pithier pithiest plain plainer plainest plucky pluckier pluckiest plump plumper plumpest plumy plumier plumiest plush plusher plushest pointy pointier pointiest poky pokier pokiest polite politer politest poor poorer poorest porky porkier porkiest portly portlier portliest posh posher poshest pretty prettier prettiest prickly pricklier prickliest prim primmer primmest prissy prissier prissiest profound profounder profoundest prosy prosier prosiest proud prouder proudest pudgy pudgier pudgiest puffy puffier puffiest pulpy pulpier pulpiest punchy punchier punchiest puny punier puniest pure purer purest pushy pushier pushiest quaint quainter quaintest quaky quakier quakiest queasy queasier queasiest quick quicker quickest quiet quieter quietest quirky quirkier quirkiest rainy rainier rainiest rangy rangier rangiest rank ranker rankest rare rarer rarest raspy raspier raspiest ratty rattier rattiest raw rawer rawest ready readier readiest real realer realest red redder reddest reedy reedier reediest remote remoter remotest rich richer richest ripe riper ripest risky riskier riskiest ritzy ritzier ritziest rocky rockier rockiest

roomy roomier roomiest rosy rosier rosiest rotten rottener rottenest rough rougher roughest rowdy rowdier rowdiest ruddy ruddier ruddiest rude ruder rudest runny runnier runniest runty runtier runtiest rusty rustier rustiest sad sadder saddest safe safer safest sage sager sagest saggy saggier saggiest saintly saintlier saintliest salty saltier saltiest sandy sandier sandiest sane saner sanest sappy sappier sappiest sassy sassier sassiest saucy saucier sauciest scabby scabbier scabbiest scaly scalier scaliest scanty scantier scantiest scarce scarcer scarcest scary scarier scariest schmaltzy schmaltzier schmaltziest scraggly scragglier scraggliest scrappy scrappier scrappiest scratchy scratchier scratchiest scrawny scrawnier scrawniest screechy screechier screechiest scrimpy scrimpier scrimpiest scrubby scrubbier scrubbiest scruffy scruffier scruffiest scurvy scurvier scurviest secure securer securest seemly seemlier seemliest severe severer severest shabby shabbier shabbiest shady shadier shadiest shaggy shaggier shaggiest shaky shakier shakiest shallow shallower shallowest shapely shapelier shapeliest

sharp sharper sharpest shifty shiftier shiftiest shiny shinier shiniest shoddy shoddier shoddiest short shorter shortest showy showier showiest shrewd shrewder shrewdest shrill shriller shrillest shy shyer shyest sick sicker sickest sickly sicklier sickliest sightly sightlier sightliest silky silkier silkiest silly sillier silliest silty siltier siltiest simple simpler simplest sincere sincerer sincerest sketchy sketchier sketchiest skinny skinnier skinniest slangy slangier slangiest slaphappy slaphappier slaphappiest sleek sleeker sleekest sleepy sleepier sleepiest sleety sleetier sleetiest slender slenderer slenderest slick slicker slickest slight slighter slightest slim slimmer slimmest slimy slimier slimiest slippery slipperier slipperiest sloppy sloppier sloppiest sloshy sloshier sloshiest slouchy slouchier slouchiest slow slower slowest sludgy sludgier sludgiest slushy slushier slushiest sly slier sliest sly slyer slyest small smaller smallest smart smarter smartest smeary smearier smeariest smelly smellier smelliest smoggy smoggier smoggiest smoky smokier smokiest smooth smoother smoothest smudgy smudgier smudgiest smug smugger smuggest

snaky snakier snakiest snappy snappier snappiest snarly snarlier snarliest sneaky sneakier sneakiest sneezy sneezier sneeziest snide snider snidest snippy snippier snippiest snobby snobbier snobbiest snoopy snoopier snoopiest snooty snootier snootiest snowy snowier snowiest snug snugger snuggest soapy soapier soapiest sober soberer soberest soft softer softest soggy soggier soggiest solid solider solidest soon sooner soonest sooty sootier sootiest soppy soppier soppiest sore sorer sorest sorry sorrier sorriest sound sounder soundest soupy soupier soupiest sour sourer sourest spare sparer sparest sparse sparser sparsest speedy speedier speediest spicy spicier spiciest spiffy spiffier spiffiest spiky spikier spikiest spindly spindlier spindliest spiny spinier spiniest splashy splashier splashiest splotchy splotchier splotchiest spongy spongier spongiest sporty sportier sportiest spotty spottier spottiest sprightly sprightlier sprightliest springy springier springiest spry sprier spriest spry spryer spryest spunky spunkier spunkiest squabby squabbier squabbiest square squarer squarest

squashy squashier squashiest squatty squattier squattiest squeaky squeakier squeakiest squirmy squirmier squirmiest stagy stagier stagiest staid staider staidest stale staler stalest starchy starchier starchiest stark starker starkest starry starrier starriest stately statelier stateliest steady steadier steadiest stealthy stealthier stealthiest steamy steamier steamiest steely steelier steeliest steep steeper steepest stern sterner sternest sticky stickier stickiest stiff stiffer stiffest still stiller stillest stingy stingier stingiest stinky stinkier stinkiest stocky stockier stockiest stodgy stodgier stodgiest stony stonier stoniest stormy stormier stormiest stout stouter stoutest straggly stragglier straggliest straight straighter straightest strange stranger strangest streaky streakier streakiest stretchy stretchier stretchiest strict stricter strictest stringy stringier stringiest strong stronger strongest stubborn stubborner stubbornest stubby stubbier stubbiest stuffy stuffier stuffiest stumpy stumpier stumpiest stupid stupider stupidest sturdy sturdier sturdiest sudsy sudsier sudsiest sulky sulkier sulkiest

sultry sultrier sultriest sunny sunnier sunniest supple suppler supplest sure surer surest surly surlier surliest svelte svelter sveltest swampy swampier swampiest swanky swankier swankiest swarthy swarthier swarthiest sweaty sweatier sweatiest sweet sweeter sweetest swift swifter swiftest tacky tackier tackiest talky talkier talkiest tall taller tallest tame tamer tamest tan tanner tannest tangy tangier tangiest tardy tardier tardiest tart tarter tartest tasty tastier tastiest taut tauter tautest tawdry tawdrier tawdriest tawny tawnier tawniest teary tearier teariest teeny teenier teeniest tense tenser tensest terse terser tersest testy testier testiest tetchy tetchier tetchiest thick thicker thickest thin thinner thinnest thirsty thirstier thirstiest thorny thornier thorniest thready threadier threadiest thrifty thriftier thriftiest throaty throatier throatiest tidy tidier tidiest tight tighter tightest tinny tinnier tinniest tiny tinier tiniest tipsy tipsier tipsiest toothy toothier toothiest touchy touchier touchiest tough tougher toughest trendy trendier trendiest tricky trickier trickiest true truer truest trusty trustier trustiest twangy twangier twangiest tweedy tweedier

tweediest ugly uglier ugliest unhealthy unhealthier unhealthiest unruly unrulier unruliest vague vaguer vaguest vile viler vilest wacky wackier wackiest wan wanner wannest warm warmer warmest wary warier wariest wavy wavier waviest waxy waxier waxiest weak weaker weakest wealthy wealthier wealthiest weary wearier weariest weedy weedier weediest weepy weepier weepiest weighty weightier weightiest weird weirder weirdest wet wetter wettest wheezy wheezier wheeziest whiny whinier whiniest white whiter whitest wide wider widest wild wilder wildest wily wilier wiliest windy windier windiest wintry wintrier wintriest wiry wirier wiriest wise wiser wisest wispy wispier wispiest witty wittier wittiest wobbly wobblier wobbliest woodsy woodsier woodsiest woody woodier woodiest woolly woollier woolliest woozy woozier wooziest wordy wordier wordiest worldly worldlier worldliest wormy wormier wormiest worthy worthier worthiest wriggly wrigglier wriggliest wry wrier wriest yeasty yeastier yeastiest young younger youngest zany zanier zaniest zippy zippier zippiest

Nombres: Singular y Plural - Nouns: Singular and Plural Reglas gramaticales A la mayoria de nombres se les agrega una "s" al final para formar el plural. camera / cameras pen / pens cup / cups car / cars Reglas generales para formar el plural Palabras que terminan en consonante + y: la "y" cambia a "i" y aadimos"es" party - parties city - cities Palabras que terminan en vocal + y: aadimos una "s". boy - boys toy - toys Palabras que terminan en SS, S, SH, CH, X, O: aadimos ES glass - glasses bus - buses brush - brushes watch - watches box - boxes tomato - tomatoes Palabras que terminan en F, FE: cambiamos la F o FE por VES leaf - leaves wife - wives Plurales irregulares Muchos sustantivos se pluralizan de un modo irregular, existen dos casos: Caso 1 Cuando el singular y plural no cambian. fish (pez o pescado) singular fish (peces o pescados) plural sheep (oveja) singular sheep (ovejas) plural Caso 2 Cuando el plural vara de modo irregular. Por lo tanto, no existe regla la cual se pueda seguir y hay que aprenderse las formas irregulares de cada uno.

SINGULAR man woman child person tooth foot mouse

SIGNIFICADO hombre mujer nio persona diente pie ratn

PLURAL men women children people teeth feet mice

SIGNIFICADO hombres mujeres nios personas dientes pies ratones

Expresar cantidades: Contables e Incontables Express quantities: Countables and Uncountables

Es necesario entender correctamente la diferencia entre incontable y contable para poder expresar correctamente las cantidades. Podemos separar los nombres en dos grupos: los incontables y los contables. Los contables son aquellos nombres de cosas, gente, etc que nosotros podemos contar. Por ejemplo nosotros podemos decir: one pencil, two pencils, three pencils... Entonces decimos que pencil es contable. chair, book, cat, pen, box, letter ... Incontable es todo aquello que nosotros no podemos contar. Por ejemplo nosotros no podemos decir: one rice, two rices, three rices... Entonces decimos que rice es incontable. salt, wood, tea, wine, sugar, oxygen, advice, bread, furniture, hair, information, money, news, spaghetti, weather, rice Adems muchos nombres pueden ser contables e incontables a la vez dependiendo de la funcin que desempeen:
Por ejemplo:

There are two lambs. We like lamb.

(Hay dos corderos)

(Nos gusta la carne de cordero)

Podemos contar cantidades de cosas incontables usando por ejemplo: glass, bottle, litre, etc...
ejemplos:

a glass of water three cartons of milk a loaf of bread

En esta tabla puedes ver las principales difirencias entre contables e incontables: contables tienen plural: egg- eggs incontables no tienen plural: rice no puede ser rices no podemos usar a o an : no delante de singular contable podemos usar a o an : an apple podemos decir a milk. Deben ir precedidos, si quieren individualizarse, de alguna palabra con valor partitivo como a carton of milk. podemos usar nmeros delante de un contable: two eggs many se usa para nombres plurales contables How many students were there? There are too many people. Usamos few o a few para expresar una idea de cantidad reducida o media: few biscuits o a few biscuits (pocas galletas o unas cuantas galletas) no podemos usar nmeros delante de un incontable: no podemos decir two rices much se usa para nombres singulares no contables How much milk is in the fridge? There is too much information. Usamos little o a little para expresar una idea de cantidad reducida o media: little milk o a little milk (poca leche o un poco de leche)

Las preposiciones - The prepositions Las preposiciones es una de las partes de la lengua Inglesa que ms cuesta aprender a los hablantes de lengua Castellana o Espaola. Por ello es recomendable memorizar las diferentes variaciones y usos dependiendo de si hablamos de preposiciones de lugar, localizacin, movimiento o tiempo. Veremos que muchas de las preposiciones se repiten en los diferentes apartados. Por ello se recomienda hacer ejercicios prcticos que sean variados y que nos ayuden a ver la diferencia entre ellos. En otros casos veremos que habr expresiones que simplemente tendremos que memorizar. Es altamente recomendable que el alumno lea diferentes textos de diferentes fuentes para facilitar el aprendizaje. Preposiciones de tiempo y lugar IN

Significado: en, dentro, dentro de Uso: lugares tanto para indicar espacios cerrados como espacios abiertos. Lo utilizamos para indicar que algo est dentro de una cosa, en un lugar cerrado, o en el interior de algo fsicamente. Sin embargo, como vemos en los ejemplos tambin se utiliza para indicar que se est en un lugar geogrfico, detrs del verbo arrive cuando este indica ciudad o pas.
Ejemplos:

I live in Brighton. (Vivo en Brighton)

The cat is in the box. (El gato est dentro la caja) telefnica)

I found your address in the phone book. (He encontrado tu direccin en la gua My parents in law arrived in France on Monday. (Mis suegros llegaron a Francia el lunes) AT Significado: en, a, al, cerca de, tocando

Uso: delante de edificios como casas, aeropuertos, universidades (para indicar que estamos dentro), antes de top (parte superior), bottom (parte inferior), at the end of (al final de), para indicar acontecimientos como reuniones, fiestas, conciertos, deportes, etc.. detrs de arrive cuando nos referimos a lugares que no sean ciudades o pases.
Ejemplos:

I study at university. (Estudio en la universidad)

He is at home. (l est en casa)

I always visit my sister at work. (Siempre visito a mi hermana en el trabajo) del metro)

She doesnt like waiting at the metro stop. (A ella no le gusta esperar en la estacin

At the table. (En la mesa -para trabajar o comer-) Ill see you at the theatre. (Nos vemos en el teatro) ON Significado: sobre, encima de algo tocando

The papers are at the top shelf. (Los papeles estn en la estantera de arriba)

Uso: se coloca delante de nombres de lugares con base como mesas, suelos, etc, ante nombres de lugares de una habitacin como techo, pared o techo, para indicar que alguien esta dentro de un transporte pblico o dentro una planta de edificio, para indicar la distancia de un punto a otro.
Ejemplos:

The pen is on the table. (El bolgrafo est sobre la mesa)

They have a picture of Paris on the wall. (Tienen una foto de Paris en la pared) It was the first time I was on a plane. (Era la primera vez que suba a un avin)

My room is on the first floor. (Mi habitacin est en la primera planta)

I found a coin on the way to school. (Me encontr una moneda de camino a la escuela) TO Significado: hacia, direccin a (siempre indica movimiento)

Uso: se coloca tras los verbos de movimiento como ir, venir, volver, caminar, volar, etc detrs de el verbo get (para dar el sentido de llegar a algn lugar)
Ejemplos:

They will come to the wedding (Vendran a la boda) Sofia will fly to Canada (Sofia volar hasta Canad) BEFORE Significado: antes, antes de

Uso: se coloca tras verbos y nombres o sustantivos

Ejemplos:

Ring me before 1 oclock. (Llmame antes de la 1) They arrived before me. (Llegaron antes que yo) AFTER Significado: despus, despus de, tras

Uso: se coloca tras verbos y nombres o sustantivos.

Ejemplos:

My boss paid me after I told them the problem. (My jefe me pag cuando le cont el problema) DURING Significado: durante Uso: Se coloca y puede ir seguido de verbos y nombres o sustantivos.
Ejemplos:

Dont ring me during the morning. (No me llames durante la maana) FOR Significado: durante

Uso: Se coloca tras verbos y nombres o sustantivos. Aunque signifique lo mismo que during no tienen exactamente el mismo matiz. Este se utiliza para expresar un periodo de tiempo ya sean das, horas, meses o aos.

Ejemplos:

I stayed in England for 4 years. (Estuve en Inglaterra durante 4 aos) WHILE Significado: mientras Uso: Se coloca tras verbos y nombres o sustantivos.
Ejemplos:

I will work while I can. (Trabajar mientras pueda)

QUESTION TAGS

En ingls es frecuente que terminemos las frases con otra frase corta, de signo contrario, la cual tiene la intencin de pedir la opinin o buscar la aprobacin del interlocutor, son las llamadas question tags. Equivalen a: verdad?, no es verdad?, no?, no es as? en serio? Your brother is older than you, isn't he? (Tu hermano es mayor que t, no es as?) You can help me, can't you? (Puedes ayudarme, verdad?) Para formar esta pregunta corta utilizaremos el auxiliar de la frase principal y su sujeto pero de signo contrario. Si no tuviera auxiliar entonces utilizaramos el auxiliar to do. He doesn't like Susan, does he? He likes Susan, doesn't he? He is getting married, isn't he? He isn't getting married, is he? You worked yesterday, didn't you? El interlocutor puede contestar retomando las question tags. He likes Susan. (Le gusta Susan) Doesn't he? (de verdad?)
Conjunciones - Conjunctions

Las conjunciones son empleadas para enlazar entre s las palabras y/o oraciones. Segn constan de una o ms palabras las llamamos simples o compuestas: Conjunciones Simples After despus (de) que

Although And As Because Before But Except For Furthermore However If Lest Moreover Namely Nevertheless Notwithstanding Or Otherwhise Provided Since Still Therefore Though Till Unless Until Whenever Whereas Whether While

aunque, si bien y, e cuando, mientras, a medida que, como, pues porque antes que pero, sino excepto, salvo ya que, pues adems sin embargo si para que no, por temor de que adems, por otra parte a saber sin embargo, no obstante no obstante, con todo o, u de otra manera, si no a condicin de que, con tal de que puesto que, ya que, desde que sin embargo, no obstante por lo tanto, por eso aunque mientras no, hasta que a menos que hasta que cada vez que, siempre que visto que, mientras que si mientras, mientras que, aunque

Why Yet Conjunciones Compuestas According to As if As long as As often as As soon as As though As well as As..as Because of Both...and Even if Even when In case In case of In consequence In order that In order to In proportion as In such a way as Neither... nor Not only ... but Of course Or else Seeing that So as not to So as to

por qu sin embargo, no obstante

de acuerdo a, segn como si siempre que, con tal de que cada vez que, siempre que en cuanto, tan pronto como como si tan... como, tanto... como tan ... como debido a tanto...como aun si, aunque aun cuando en caso en caso de por consiguiente para que, a fin de que para a medida que de modo que ni... ni no slo... sino por supuesto o bien, sino puesto que, en vista de que para no para

So that So then Whether... or

para que as pues si... o

ingls

traduccin correcta

error de traduccin

en ingls sera...

actually abuse actual anticipation apparition arena carpet calve cart code design dude emergent editor floor fracas fume gala grass habit introduce

realmente insultos verdadero, real esperanza fantasma estadio alfombra parir carro cdigo diseo petimetre
en vas de desarrollo

actualmente abuso actual anticipacin aparicin arena carpeta calvo carta codo designar duda emergente editor flor fracaso fumar gala grasa habitar introducir

nowadays imposition present advance appearance sand file bald letter elbow to designate doubt resultant publishing flower failure to smoke full dress grease to occupy to bring in

redactor (jefe) piso, suelo ria, alboroto humo fiesta, de fiesta hierba costumbre presentar

invidious lute lecture mar mayor notice notify official pale panties quiet quote realize record rice spade sale scenery sensible tape topic united viva

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Gerundio (Usos) - Gerund (Uses)

CASOS EN LOS QUE USAMOS EL GERUNDIO

Caso 1: Cuando la accin acta como sujeto. Ejemplo: Driving is getting dangerous. - Conducir es peligroso Caso 2: Despus de verbos como like (gustar), hate (odiar), prefer (preferir) cuando hablas de gustos. Ejemplo: I hate studying history - Odio estudiar historia Caso 3: Despus de be used to. Ejemplo: He's not used to wearing a hat - l no suele llevar sombrero. Caso 4: Despus del verbo mind. Ejemplo: Do you mind waiting in the car? - Te importa esperar en el coche? Caso 5: Despus de los verbos como start, keep on, stop, para expresar el principio y el fin de una accin. Ejemplo: I'm trying to keep on working - Intento seguir trabajando Please, stop laughing at me - Por favor, para de reirte de mi What do I need to start studying at University? - Qu necesito para empezar a estudiar en la universidad? Caso 6: Despus del verbo need (necesitar). Ejemplo: Young people need caring adults. - Los jvenes necesitan los cuidados de los adultos. Caso 7: Despus de la expresin: look forward to Ejemplo: I'm looking forward to seeing you. - Tengo muchas ganas de verte. Caso 8: Despus de la expresin: what about o how about, para sugerir cualquier cosa. Ejemplo: What about going to the beach? - Vamos a la playa? Caso 9: Despus de la expresin: be worth. Ejemplo: This game is not worth buying. - No vale la pena comprar este juego.

Caso 10: Despus de la expresin: can't help. Ejemplo: I can't help falling in love. - No puedo evitar enamorarme.

PHRASAL VERBS

break down break (something) down bring (someone) up carry on

parar de trabajar (mquina o vehculo) destruir algo, tirar abajo (ej.pared) criar y educar a un nio seguir haciendo algo

close something down cerrar o terminar una actividad cut down fall out with (someone) get (something) across get away with get by get down to (something) tirar abajo (al suelo, ej. un rbol) pelearse o discutir con alguin comunicar una idea estar a punto de ser castigado sobrevivir empezar a hacer algo seriosamente

get on (with someone) llevarse bien con alguin get out get over give back give in (to someone) go on go down grow up hold on keep on look out look up (something) look up to (someone) tener tiempo libre despus del trabajo recuperarse de una mala experiencia o enfermedad devolver estar deacuerdo on alguin continuar haciendo algo caer, bajar ( los precios) crecer, llegar a hacerse adulto esperar continuar haciendo algo prestar atencin, tener cuidado buscar informacin admirar a alguin

make (something) up inventar algo make (time) up make up (with recuperar tiempo empezar a ser amigos otra vez

someone) pick on (someone) put (money) by put (someone)down put (something) off put (someone) through put (someone) up put (price) up slow down speak up take after take down take off criticar duramente o fastidiar ahorrar dinero denigrar, ensuciar la honra de alguin posponer,retrasar algo transmitir, conectar por telfono dar alojamiento a alguin incrementar (precios) reducir la velocidad hablar alto, subir la voz parecerse o tener el mismo carcter de alguin apuntar, tomar nota despegar

take (something) over encargarse de algo o tomar el control take up tell (someone) off throw out (someone) watch out ocupar, empezar una aficin regaar a alguin echar a alguin de tu casa tener cuidado