RESULTS

Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Thickness (mm) 3.18 3.13 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.12 3.14 3.17 Width Impact strength (mm) (KJ/m2) 12.57 61.948 12.61 50.534 12.62 58.170 12.54 44.056 12.56 40.841 12.56 58.548 12.54 98.976 12.54 75.707 Table 1: Data for un-notch sample Width Impact strength (mm) (KJ/m2) 12.83 5.456 12.70 25.147 12.65 5.086 12.68 3.793 12.67 4.131 12.63 5.487 12.66 5.762 Table 2: Data for notch sample Energy correction(J) 0.3289 0.3402 0.3314 0.3247 0.3510 0.3323 0.3076 0.3020 Absorbed energy (J) 2.4762 1.9945 2.3124 1.7458 1.6261 2.2943 3.8972 3.0095

Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Thickness (mm) 3.15 3.15 3.17 3.18 3.20 3.16 3.16

Energy correction(J) 0.3502 0.3408 0.3523 0.3546 0.3572 0.3555 0.3598

Absorbed energy(J) 0.2205 1.0060 0.2040 0.1530 0.1675 0.2190 0.2305

Impact Strength
120 Impact Strength (KJ/m2) 100 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sample Un- notch Notch

Figure 1: Impact strength graph for notch and un- notch sample

Absorbed energy
4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sample Absorb Energy (J)

Un- notch Notch

Figure 2: Absorbed energy graph for notch and un- notch sample

Energy Correction
0.37 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.3 0.29 0.28 0.27 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 sample Energy Correction (J)

Un- notch Notch

Figure 3: Energy Correction graph for notch and un- notch sample

DISCUSSION From the experiment, the reason why notch and un-notched sample was used is to see the difference its effect gives on the impact strength of the materials. From the impact results, it can be used to determine whether the material is ductile or brittle. For instance, if the material breaks on a flat plane, the fracture is brittle, whereas if the material breaks with jagged edges or shear lips, then its ductile. Based on the results collected, notch sample gives lower impact strength compare to sample without notches. The graph in Figure 1 clearly shows the difference in impact strength between these two tests. For the notch samples, the highest impact strength recorded is 25.147kJ/m2 , 0.3408J for its energy correction and absorbed energy is 1.00J. On the other hand, un-notched sample highest impact strength is 98.976 kJ/m2 , with energy correction 0.3076J, and absorbed energy is 3.8972J. Hence, un-notched sample gives higher value of impact strength compared to notched samples. By applying the Charpy test to identical specimens at different temperatures, and then plotting the impact energy as a function of temperature, the ductile-brittle transition becomes apparent. This is essential information to obtain when determining the minimum service temperature for a material. The ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) may derive from the temperature where the energy needed to fracture the material drastically changes. Rupture energy and notch impact strength increases with increase in temperature and lowers down at lower temperature. However, these effects are noticed at a critical temperature called ductile brittle transition temperature Tdb . Toughness is a measure of the amount of energy a material can absorb before fracturing. It becomes of engineering importance when the ability of a material to withstand an impact load without fracturing is considered. Toughness requires a balance of strength and ductility meanwhile, resiliencies is the ability of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed elastically, and release that energy upon unloading. The modulus of resilience is defines as the maximum energy that can be absorbed per unit volume without creating a permanent distortion. For a single characteristic value, Charpy test is preferred. This test usually performed on un-notched specimens with impact on the narrow face (1eU). But, if the specimen does not break in this configuration, the test is performed with notched specimen, although the test results

are not directly comparable. The necessity of making notch to the samples is to produce stress concentration area. If the sharpness of V notch is more in one specimen, it will result many ductile materials lose their energy absorbing capability and fail in brittle manner. Under the assumptions of notch sharpness and structural brittleness, it was found that the edge of crack is not the most dangerous configuration and that the critical amplitude depens both on notch depth and material properties through the brittleness number. The specimen which has very sharp V notch than other will break easily although it uses same amount of pressure. The learning outcome of this experiment are, the students are able to identify the different in test result on impact test by using notched and un-notched sample, what are the factors that affect the impact strength and what are the differences between toughness and strength, brittle and ductile of the materials. CONCLUSION The objectives of the experiment were achieved. The un-notched samples give the highest result on impact strength compare to notched sample. From this experiment, to measure the impact strength and other properties of polymer matrix composite (PMCs) materials and what are the factors that affect the result during the testing were successfully achieved. REFERENCES 1. http://www.wmtr.com/Content/charpy.htm 2. http://www.wmtr.com/Content/izod.htm 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charpy_impact_test