Chapter 3 1.

Balance the following equations providing the missing coefficients ___ NH4NO3(s) ___ N2O(g) +___ H2O(l) ___ (NH4)2Cr2O7(s) ___ N2(g) + ___ Cr2O3(s) + ___ H2O(l) ___ C5H10O2(l) +___ O2(g) ___ CO2(g) + ___ H2O(l) 2. Write balanced chemical equations to correspond to each of the following descriptions (you must identify state of reactants and products) a) When ammonia gas is passed over hot liquid sodium metal, hydrogen gas is released and sodium amide, NaNH2 is formed as a solid b) Solid zinc metal reacts with aqueous sulfuric acid to form hydrogen gas and an aqueous solution of zinc sulfate. c) When liquid phosphorus trichloride is added to water, it reacts violently to form aqueous phosphorous acid and aqueous hydrochloric acid. d) When hydrogen sulfide gas is passed over solid hot iron(III) hydroxide, the resultant reaction produces solid iron(III) sulfide and gaseous water.

3. Balance the following equations and indicate whether they are combustion, combination or decomposition reactions (these are also examples of what type of reaction): a C5H10(l) + O2(g) CO2 (g) + H2O(l) b c KClO3(s) KCl(s) + O2(g) Cr(s) + Cl2 CrCl3(s)

4. Determine the molecular or formula weights of each of the following: nitric acid, lithium carbonate, disilicon hexachloride, ammonium sulfate, testosteroneC19H28O2, (used for chemotherapy) cisplatinPtCl2(NH3)2.

5. Calculate the percentage of carbon in each compound: C6H6O; C8H8O3 6. A sample of glucose C6H12O6 contains 4.0 1022 atoms of carbon. How many atoms of hydrogen does it contain? How many molecules of glucose does it contains? How many moles of glucose does it contain? How many grams of glucose are represented here?

7. Calculate the moles of 2.00 grams of each of the following: C3H8a hydrocarbon fuel; C2H2acetylene, a fuel used in welding; C8H9O2N, Tylenol;

8. The density of water is 1.0 g/mL. Calculate the number of water molecules in a swimming pool that measures 350 ft by 99 ft if the depth of the water is 6 ft. 9. Find the empirical formula of a compound that contains 11.6 g iron and 5.01 g of oxygen. 10. Find the empirical formula of a compound that is 62.1 %C, 5.21 % H, 12.1 % N and 20.7 % O.

11. Determine the empirical and molecular formula of caffeine, 49.5% C, 5.15 % H, 28.9 % N and 16.5 % O by mass with a molar mass of about 195 g. 12. An alloy of iron (71.0%), cobalt (12.0 %), and molybdenum (17.0%) has a density of 8.20 g/cm3. How many cobalt atoms are there in a cylinder with a radius of 2.50 cm and a length of 10.0 cm? 13. A compound is analyzed and found to contain 88.82 % C and 11.18% H. In another sample of the same compound, 9.4 grams of compound was determined to contain 0.0500 moles of compound. Find the empirical and molecular formulas. 14. Over the years, the thermite reaction has been used for welding railroad rails, incendiary bombs and to ignite solid fuel rocket motors. The reaction is Fe2O3 + 2 Al 2 Fe + Al2O3. What mass of iron(III) oxide must be used to produce 15.0 g of iron?

15. One of the major commercial uses of sulfuric acid is the production of phosphoric acid and calcium sulfate. The reaction is Ca3(PO4)2 + H2SO4 CaSO4 + H3PO4. What mass of concentrated sulfuric acid (98.0% (m/m)) must be used to react completely with 1.0 102 g of Ca3(PO4)2?

16. Coke is an impure form of carbon that is often used in the industrial production of metals from their oxides. If a sample of coke is 95.00% carbon by mass, determine the mass of coke needed to react completely with 1.0 to of copper(II) oxide. CuO + C Cu + CO2. 17. Elixirs such as Alka-seltzer use the reaction of sodium bicarbonate with citric acid in aqueous solution to produce a fizz: NaHCO3 + H3C6H7O7 CO2 + H2O + Na3C6H5O7.

What is the mass of H3C6H5O7 should be used for every 1.0 102 mg of NaHCO3? What mass of CO2 could be produce from such a mixture?

18. Hexamethylenediamine (C6H16N2) is one of the starting materials for the production of nylon. It can be prepared from adipic acid (C6H10O4) by the following overall reaction: C6H10O4 +2 NH3 + 4 H2 C6H16N2 + 4 H2O.

What mass of hexamethylenediamine can be produced from 1.00 103 grams of adipic acid?

What is the percent yield if 765 g of hexamethyldiamine is made from 1.00 103 adipic acid?

19. A 0.4230 g sample of impure sodium nitrate was heated, converting all of the sodium nitrate to 0.2864 g of sodium nitrite and oxygen gas (these are the only products). Determine the percentage of sodium nitrate in the original sample. 20. Commercial brass, an alloy of Zn and Cu, reacts with hydrochloric acid as follows: Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl2 + H2. When 0.5065 g of a certain brass alloy is reacted with excess HCl, 0.0985 g of ZnCl2 is eventually isolated. What is the composition of the brass by mass?

21. One of the harmful effects of acid rains is the deterioration of structures and statues made of marble or limestone, both essentially calcium carbonate. The reaction of calcium carbonate with sulfuric acid yields carbon dioxide, water and calcium sulfate. Since calcium sulfate is soluble in water, the rain washes part of the object away. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of sulfuric acid with calcium carbonate.

Answers 1. (a) NH4NO3(s) N2O(g) +2 H2O(l); (b) (NH4)2Cr2O7(s) N2(g) + Cr2O3(s) + 4 H2O(l); (c) 2 C5H10O2(l) + 13 O2(g) 10 CO2(g) + 10 H2O(l) 2. (a) 2 Na(l) + 2 NH3(g) 2 NaNH2(s) + H2(g); (b) Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) H2(g) + ZnSO4(aq);

3. (a) 2 C5H10(l) + 15 O2(g) 5 CO2(g) + 5 H2O(l); (b) 2 KClO3(s) 2 KCl(s) + 3 O2(g); (c) 2 4. HNO3= 63.02 amu; Li2CO3 = 73.88 amu; Si2Cl6 = 268.88 amu; (NH4)2SO4 = 132.15 amu; part 100; 76.6 C, 17.0 O, 6.4 H; 63.2 C, 5.26 H, 31.6 O total 12 H atoms 1 glucose 6. 4.0 1022 C atoms = 8.0 1022 H; 4.0 1022 C atoms = 6.7 6 C atoms 6 C atoms 1 mole glucose 1021 C6H12O6; 6.7 1021 glucose = 0.011 moles C6H12O6; 0.011 6.022 1023 glucose 180.0 g glucose mole glucose = 2.0 g C6H12O6 1 mole glucose 1mole 7. 2.00 g C3H8 = 0.0454 mol; 0.0769 mol; 0.0132 mol 44.1 g 1 mole H2O 12 in 3 2.54 cm 1.0 g 3. 8. 350 ft 99 ft 6 ft 1ft 1 in 1 mL 18.0 g H2O 5. C19H28O2 = 288.22 amu; PtCl2(NH3)2 = 300.05 amu Cr(s) + 3 Cl2(g) 2 CrCl3(s)

(c) PCl3(l) + 3 H2O(l) H3PO4(aq) + 3 HCl(aq); (d) 3 H2S(g) + 2 Fe(OH)3(s) Fe2S3(s) + 6 H2O(g)

6.022 1023 H2O 1 mol H2O

= 2 1032 molecules water

1 mole 1 mole = 0.2077 mol Fe; 5.01 g O = 0.3131 mol O; 1.5 O: 1 Fe; Fe2O3 55.847g 16.0 g 1 mol C 1 mol 1 mol 10. 62.1 g C = 5.175 ; 5.21 g H = 5.184 ; 12.1 g N = 0.8643; 20.7 g 12.0 g 1.01 g 14.0 1 mol O = 1.294; 6 C: 6H: 1.5 O: 1N ; need to multiply all by 2; C12H12N2O3 16.0 11. C4H5N2O; C8H10N4O2 9. 11.6 g Fe 12. 8.20 g Vol. of cylinder = (2.50 cm)2(10.0 cm) = 196 cm3; mass of cylinder = 196 cm3 1 cm3 Co atoms = 1610 g; 1610 g alloy 12 g Co 1 mol 6.022 1023 Co = 1.97 1024 100 g alloy 58.9332g Co 1mol Co

13. 88.82 g C

1 mol

Fe2O3 159.70 g 1 mol = 2.14 g 55.85 g 2Fe 1 mol 3 NH4ClO4 117.49 g 1 mol 15. 1 g Al = 4.35 g 26.98 3 Al 1 mol 3H2SO4 98.08gH2SO4 1 mol 100 g sol 16. 100g Ca3(PO4)2 = 96.8 g sol 310.18 g Ca3(PO4)2 1mol 98.0 g H2SO4 14. 15.0 g Fe 17. 1.0 ton

12.01 g C2H3; MM = 189g/mol; C14H21

= 7.396 C; 11.18 g H

1 mol 1.008 g

= 11.09 H; 1.50 H: 1C; multiply by 2

2000 lb 453.59 g 1 mol 1C 12.o1 g C 100 g coke = 72020 g Coke 1 ton 1 lb 79.55 g 2 CuO 1 mol 95.00 g C H3C6H7O7 194.14 g 1g 1 mol 18. 1.0 102 mg of NaHCO3 = 0.23 g; 1000 mg 84.008 g NaHCO3 1 mol 44.01 g = 0.052 g CO2 1 mol C6H16N2 116.21 1 mol actual 19. 1.00 103 C6H10O4 = 795.2 g; % yield = = 146.14 g C6H10O4 1 mol theoretical 0.001190 mol CO2 765 g 100 = 96.2 % 795 g

20. 0.2864 g NaNO2 21. 0.0985 g ZnCl2

2NaNO3 85.00g 1 mol 0.3528 g = 0.3528 g; 100= 83.41 % 69.00 g 2NaNO2 1 mol 0.4230 g

0.04762 g Zn = 9.33 % 0.5065 g brass 22. CaCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) CO2(g) + CaSO4(s) + H2O(l)

1 mol 1 Zn 65.38 g = 0.04762 g; % composition Zn in brass = 136.26g 1 ZnCl2 1 mol