Questions What do you mean by Bussiness Intelligence?

Category of Question DW/BI Concept

What is DataWarehouse?

DW/BI Concept

What are Data Marts? Why do we need staging area?

DW/BI Concept DW/BI Concept

OLTP vs OLAP

DW/BI Concept

What are measures and dimensions?

DW/BI Concept

What are the buisness intelligence DW/BI Concept tools?

What is dimensional data modeling?

DW/BI Concept

What are different types of servers?

General

What are types of dimensions?

DW/BI Concept

Business Intelligence (BI) Features and Functions

DW/BI Concept

Business Performance Management

DW/BI Concept

what is snow flake schema ?

DW/BI Concept

What is conformed dimensions?

DW/BI Concept

What are the attributes of time DW/BI Concept dimension and how time dimension is useful in dimensional model?

Explain ERP and MRP ?

General

Why staging is important during organising data?

DW/BI Concept

What are the various ETL tools available?

DW/BI Concept

What is ETL?

DW/BI Concept

What is Repository Server? What is a diff between joiner and lookup transformation

Informatica Informatica

What is Surrogate key?

DW/BI Concept

what are the features of fact and dimension table?

DW/BI Concept

how to decide which schema to DW/BI Concept use in the datawarehouse design?

What is the difference between Informatica Router and Filter transformation in informatica

SOA stands for? and its functions?

General

Illustrate informatica software architecture ?

Informatica

Can we view SQL queries for a Informatica particular workflow in Informatica? How can we update a record in target table without using Update strategy? Informatica

What is difference the between correlation and regression?

DW/BI Concept

What is Data Mining & Data Migration

DW/BI Concept

what is Data integrator?

General

What are informatica power center client tools?

Informatica

How does informatica work in background?

Informatica

What Is MDM?

General

Explain the types of schema in datawarehouse dimensional modelling?

DW/BI Concept

Why it is necessary to install the database before installing informatica

Informatica

What is aggregator transformation Informatica

What is slicing and dicing in business objects

DW/BI Concept

What are different transformation DW/BI Concept types?

What are MOLAP and ROLAP

DW/BI Concept

What is Mutating Table?

PL/SQL

What is KPI

Cognos

What is Autonomous Transaction?

PL/SQL

How can we use commit clause inside trigger?

PL/SQL

Can Cognos perform ETL task?? Cognos

What is Framework Manager?

Cognos

When to use procedure and when PL/SQL to use function in PL/SQL?

What is a Cursor?

PL/SQL

What is Trigger?

PL/SQL

What are the types of Trigger? What is difference between Record type and row type variable?

PL/SQL PL/SQL

What are different types of exceptions in PL/SQl?

PL/SQL

What is a package in cognos?

Cognos

Difference between namespace and folder in cognos?

Cognos

What are various reporting tools? Cognos

What is Business Insight in Cognos?

Cognos

What is Report Studio? What are parametrised cursors? what do you mean by drill down, drill up and drill through reports?

Cognos PL/SQL cognos

What dou mean by cognos sql and native sql?

COGNOS

what are the types of reports?

COGNOS

what is difference between summary filter and detail filter??

cognos

When the aggregate function or "roll up aggregate function" is set "TOTAL" or "AUTOMATIC"? What is object security in framework manager?

COGNOS

cognos

What are the difference between Report Studio and Query Studio?

What is the use of Generated Prompt?

what are packages ,query subject cognos and query item ?

what do you mean by transformer cognos and metric designer

What is the advantage of query cognos studio compare with report studio what is difference between namespace and folder cognos

Answers Business intelligence (BI) is a category of applications and technologies for gathering, storing, analyzing, and providing access to data to help enterprise users make better business decisions. BI applications include decision support systems, query and reporting, online analytical processing, statistical analysis, forecasting, and data mining A data warehouse is a database that has been structured specifically for decision support rather than for operational purposes. A data Warehouse facilitates corporate analysis and comparision across multiple lines of bussiness. Scaled Down Version of DW that focuses on a particular subject area. it can be limited to single subject. A staging area is storage area between the operational data source systems and the data presentation system. Staging area is a common place to keep extracted data from different source systems before applying business rules (transformation, cleansing). Staging area is place where you hold temporary tables on data warehouse server. Staging tables are connected to work area or fact tables. Staging area plays an important role in performing data validation, transformations, cleansing and merging before loading the data into warehouse. In the absence of the Staging area, there is a load on the source system or the data presentation system to have the data conformed to the dimension model. This is the primary reason for the existence of a staging area in any ETL system. In addition it also offers a platform for carrying out data cleansing.

Questioned by Priyanka Biswas

Betsy John

Sameer Nigam Priyanka Biswas

OLTP (On-line Transaction Processing) is characterized by a large Sushit Soni number of short on-line transactions (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE). The main emphasis for OLTP systems is put on very fast query processing, maintaining data integrity in multi-access environments and an effectiveness measured by number of transactions per second. In OLTP database there is detailed and current data, and schema used to store transactional databases is the entity model. - OLAP (On-line Analytical Processing) is characterized by relatively low volume of transactions. Queries are often very complex and involve aggregations. For OLAP systems a response time is an effectiveness measure. OLAP applications are widely used by Data Mining techniques. In OLAP database there is aggregated, historical data, stored in multi-dimensional schemas

Dimensions are used to describe the measures, and give them context. For instance, sales by customer group. 'Sales' is the base measure, and 'customer group' is the dimension. dimension table includes the 'subject area' of interest to the bussiness. Business intelligence tools are a type of application software designed to retrieve, analyze and report data. The tools generally read data that have been previously stored. Eg. IBM cognos, Informatica, Webfocus, Actuate, Style Intelligence, Microstratagy, SAP buisness objects enterprise XI

zenobia johns

Mradula Ghatiya

Dimensional Data Modeling comprises of one or more dimension Mradula Ghatiya tables and fact tables. Good example of Dimensions are location, time, product, promotion, organization etc. Dimension Tables store records related to that particular dimension and no facts(measures) are stored in these tables. For example , Product Dimension Table will store information about product(Product catagory, Product Subcatagory, Product and Product Features) and Location Dimension table will store information about location(Country, state, city). A fact(measure) table contains measures(sales gross value, total units sold) and Dimension columns. These Dimension columns are actually foriegn keys from the respective dimension tables. Dimensional Data MOdelling is used for calculating summarized data. Application Servers Lucky rajput Sometimes referred to as a type of middleware, application servers occupy a large chunk of computing territory between database servers and the end user, and they often connect the two. Middleware is a software that connects two otherwise separate applications For example, there are a number of middleware products that link a database system to a Web server This allows users to request data from the database using forms displayed on a Web browser and it enables the Web server to return dynamic Web pages based on the user's requests and profile. The term middleware is used to describe separate products that serve as the glue between two applications. It is, therefore, distinct from import and export features that may be built into one of the applications. Middleware is sometimes called plumbing because it connects two sides of an application and passes data between them. Common middleware categories include:

* TP monitors * DCE environments * RPC systems * Object Request Brokers (ORBs) * Database access systems * Message Passing

Audio/Video Servers Audio/Video servers bring multimedia capabilities to Web sites by enabling them to broadcast streaming multimedia content. Streaming is a technique for transferring data such that it can be processed as a steady and continuous stream. Streaming technologies are 1.) Degenerated dimension 2.)Monster Dimension 3.) Aggregate Purva Phanse dimension 4.)Dirty Dimension 5.)Slowly Growing dimension 6.) slowly changing Dimension

Business Intelligence (BI):Business intelligence (BI) and business lav khare performance management (BPM) features and functions help you analyze organizational data in order to optimize performance and stay competitive within your market. Typical BI and BPM features and function include reporting, analytics, data warehousing, and comprehensive data visualization tools like scorecards and dashboards. BI users employ these features and functions to take snapshots of transactional data and put it in a separate database (called a data warehouse) to analyze trends and develop reports based on the information captured. BPM users, in contrast, use data visualization tools to optimize organizational processes, especially for budgeting, activity-based costing, forecasting, consolidations, etc. To find the best BI or BPM system for your business, it's important to understand which features and functions you need before you compare BI/BPM solutions. Business performance management (BPM) enables organizations to Sameer Nigam translate strategies into plans, monitor execution, and provide insight needed to manage and improve financial and operational performance. This knowledge base covers scorecards, dashboards, business activity monitoring, and more. This business intelligence (BI) knowledge base covers a full range of BI functionality. BI applications enable real time, interactive access, analysis, and manipulation of mission-critical corporate information. BI users are able to access and leverage vast amounts of information to analyze relationships and understand trends that support business decisions. This knowledge base covers everything from data mining to analytics, querying, reporting, workflow, and in-depth analysis. In computing, a snowflake schema is a logical arrangement of tables Lucky Rajput in a multidimensional database such that the entity relationship diagram resembles a snowflake in shape. The snowflake schema is represented by centralized fact tables which are connected to multiple dimensions. The snowflake schema is similar to the star schema. However, in the snowflake schema, dimensions are normalized into multiple related tables, whereas the star schema's dimensions are normalized with each dimension represented by a single table. A complex snowflake shape emerges when the dimensions of a snowflake schema are elaborate, having multiple levels of relationships, and the child tables have multiple parent tables ("forks in the road"). The "snowflaking" effect only affects the dimension tables and NOT the fact tables. Star and snowflake schemas are most commonly found in dimensional data warehouses and data marts where speed of data retrieval is more important than the efficiency of data manipulations. As such, the tables in these schemas are not normalized much, and are frequently designed at a level of normalization short of third normal form.

A conformed dimension is a set of data attributes that have been Sushit physically implemented in multiple database tables using the same structure, attributes, domain values, definitions and concepts in each implementation. Unlike in operational systems where data redundancy is normally avoided, data replication is expected in the Data Warehouse world. To provide fast access and intuitive "drill down" capabilities of data originating from multiple operational systems, it is often necessary to replicate dimensional data in Data Warehouses and in Data Marts. A Conformed Dimension is a dimension that has a single meaning and content throughout a data warehouse. A conformed dimension can be used in any star schema. For Example - Time/Calendar dimension is normally used in all star schemas so can be designed once and used with many fact tables across a data warehouse.

In a dimensional model a separate time dimension is normally used. Sushit This time dimension contains separate attributes for year, month, and day and so on. This time dimension is initially populated with the data of a particular period like ten years. Whenever an event/transaction needs to be recorded in the fact table the time key from this dimension for the corresponding time is obtained from the time dimension. Surrogate key for time dimension is auto incremented just like any other dimension but it is always helpful to have it the right format. for eg:- 05-Mar-2010 the time key should be 05032010. This proves to be extremely useful as queries can be done directly based on the time key and thus improves performance. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) integrates internal and external Priyanka Biswas management information across an entire organization, embracing finance/accounting, manufacturing, sales and service, customer relationship management, etc. ERP systems automate this activity with an integrated software application. Material requirements planning (MRP) is a production planning and inventory control system used to manage manufacturing processes. Most MRP systems are software-based, while it is possible to conduct MRP by hand as well. An MRP system is intended to simultaneously meet three objectives: * Ensure materials are available for production and products are available for delivery to customers. * Maintain the lowest possible level of inventory. * Plan manufacturing activities, delivery schedules and purchasing activities.

Staging area is place where you hold temporary tables on data lav khare warehouse server. Staging tables are connected to work area or fact tables. We basically need staging area to hold the data , and perform data cleansing and merging , before loading the data into warehouse

No. List of ETL Tools Version ETL Vendors 1. Oracle Warehouse Builder (OWB) 11gR1 Oracle 2. Data Services XI 3.2 SAP Business Objects Newest version examined 3. IBM Information Server (Datastage) 9.1 IBM 4. SAS Data Integration Studio 4.21 SAS Institute Newest version examined 5. PowerCenter Informatica 9.0 Informatica 6. Elixir Repertoire 7.2.2 Elixir 7. Data Migrator 7.7 Information Builders Newest version examined 8. SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) 10 Microsoft 9. Talend Open Studio & Integration Suite 4.0 Talend 10. DataFlow Manager 6.5 Pitney Bowes Business Insight 11. Pervasive Data Integrator 9.2 Pervasive Software 12. Open Text Integration Center 7.1 Open Text 13. Transformation Manager 4.1.4 ETL Solutions Ltd. 14. Data Manager/Decision Stream 8.2 IBM (Cognos) 15. Clover ETL 2.9.2 Javlin 16. Centerprise 5.0 Astera Newest version examined 17. DB2 Warehouse Edition 9.1 IBM 18. Pentaho Data Integration 4.1 Pentaho 19 Adeptia Integration Suite 5.1 Adeptia ETL is an abbreviation of the three words Extract, Transform and Sushit Soni Load. It is an ETL process to extract data, mostly from different types of systems, transform it into a structure that's more appropriate for reporting and analysis and finally load it into the database The repository server takes care of all the connections between the repository and the power center client. Joiner will join the two different data sources based on a join condition ,and pass only the rows which satisfy that condition.discards the remaining rows. Joiner transformation supports 4 types of joins at Informatica level Normal Master Outer Detail Outer Full Outer LookUp Transformation Lookup transformation basically for Reference,based on the lookup condition.when u want some data based on target data ,will take lookup on that particular table and retrieve the corresponding fields from that table. we can override the lookup transformation using the SQL query. Sushit Priyanka Biswas

A surrogate key in a database is a unique identifier for either an Priyanka Biswas entity in the modeled world or an object in the database. The surrogate key is not derived from application data. It is important that primary keys of dimension tables remain stable. It is strongly recommended that surrogate keys be created and used for primary keys for all dimension tables. Surrogate keys are keys that are maintained within the data warehouse instead of keys taken from source data systems. There are several reasons for the use of surrogate keys: * Data tables in various source systems may use different keys for the same entity. Legacy systems that provide historical data might have used a different numbering system than a current online transaction processing system. A surrogate key uniquely identifies each entity in the dimension table regardless of its source key. A separate field can be used to contain the key used in the source system. Systems developed independently in company divisions may not use the same keys, or they may use keys that conflict with data in the systems of other divisions. This situation may not cause problems when each division independently reports summary data, but it cannot be permitted in the data warehouse where data is consolidated. * Keys may change or be reused in the source data systems. This situation is usually less likely than others, but some systems have been known to reuse keys belonging to obsolete data. However, the key may still be in use in historical data in the data warehouse, and the same key cannot be used to identify different entities. * Changes in organizational structures may move keys in the

Dimension Table features 1. It provides the context /descriptive information for a fact table measurements. 2. Provides entry points to data. 3. Structure of Dimension - Surrogate key , one or more other fields that compose the natural key (nk) and set of Attributes. 4. Size of Dimension Table is smaller than Fact Table. 5. In a schema more number of dimensions are presented than Fact Table. 6. Surrogate Key is used to prevent the primary key (pk) violation(store historical data). 7. Values of fields are in numeric and text representation. Fact Table features 1. It provides measurement of an enterprise. 2. Measurement is the amount determined by observation. 3. Structure of Fact Table - foreign key (fk), Degenerated Dimension and Measurements. 4. Size of Fact Table is larger than Dimension Table. 5. In a schema less number of Fact Tables observed compared to Dimension Tables. 6. Compose of Degenerate Dimension fields act as Primary Key. 7. Values of the fields always in numeric or integer form. In data warehouse development, selecting a right and appropriate data schema (Snowflake, Star, Star Cluster,) has an important Impact on performance and usability of the designed data warehouse. The type of queries and attributes affect schema selection in a framework. The type of query depends on number of join operation needed to response it and type of attribute it access. The type of attributes are multivalued attributes, singlevalued attributes, indexed attributes. We can analyse the average response time of the queries to select the right schema for the data warehouse. Star schema is the mostly used schema for datawarehouse design. Also when dimension tables are small, there is no important difference between star schema and snowflakeschema.

shruti chauhan

Router transformation divides the incoming records into multiple rohit nigam groups based on some condition. Such groups can be mutually inclusive (Different groups may contain same record) while Filter transformation restricts or blocks the incoming record set based on one given condition. Router transformation itself does not block any record. If a certain record does not match any of the routing conditions, the record is routed to default group while Filter transformation does not have a default group. If one record does not match filter condition, the record is blocked.Router acts like CASE.. WHEN statement in SQL (Or Switch().. Case statement in C) while Filter acts like WHERE condition is SQL.

A service-oriented architecture is essentially a collection of services. NIPUN GARG These services communicate with each other. The communication can involve either simple data passing or it could involve two or more services coordinating some activity. Some means of connecting services to each other is needed. The first service-oriented architecture for many people in the past was with the use DCOM or Object Request Brokers (ORBs) based on the CORBA specification. For more on DCOM and CORBA.

"Informatica ETL product, known as Informatica Power Center consists of 3 main components. 1. Informatica PowerCenter Client Tools:- These are the development tools installed at developer end. 2. Informatica PowerCenter Repository:- Repository is the heart of Informatica tools. Repository is a kind of data inventory where all the data related to mappings, sources, targets etc is kept.This can be treated as backend of Informatica. 3.Informatica powercenter server:- Server is the place, where all the executions take place. Server makes physical connections to sources/targets, fetches data, applies the transformations mentioned in the mapping and loads the data in the target system." Yes, there is a generate sql option in every transformation that we do, to view the sql queries out of it.

Soumya Sanghi

Ankit Shrivastava

A target table can be updated without using 'Update Strategy'. For Amol Mhetre this, we need to define the key in the target table in Informatica level and then we need to connect the key and the field we want to update in the mapping Target. In the session level, we should set the target property as "Update as Update" and check the "Update" check-box. Let's assume we have a target table "Customer" with fields as "Customer ID", "Customer Name" and "Customer Address". Suppose we want to update "Customer Address" without an Update Strategy. Then we have to define "Customer ID" as primary key in Informatica level and we will have to connect Customer ID and Customer Address fields in the mapping. If the session properties are set correctly as described above, then the mapping will only update the customer address field for all matching customer IDs. Correlation basically gives a general relationship between two Sharad Gupta variables, that is, whether a variable increases or decreases as another variable increases or decreases and to what extent. Whereas regression gives a mathematical relationship between two or more variables. The process of finding hidden patterns and relationship in the data is Raja Chawla known as data mining. The movement of data from one environment to other environment is known as data migration.

Data Integrator product consists primarily of a Data Integrator Sumita Chawla Designer and the Data Integrator Job Server.It is commonly used for building data marts, ODS systems and data warehouses,etc. Data Integrator Designer stores the created jobs and projects in a Repository.DI Job Server executes, monitors and schedules jobs that have been created by using the Designer. 1) designer- the extract, transform and load mapping is designed in Rashmi Joshi the designer. it has following sub tools for doing so: - source analyzer - target analyzer -transformation developer - mapplet designer -mapping designer. 2)work flow:-create, schedule and run the task and work flow of the created mapping. it has following sub tools: -task developer -worklet designer -workflow designer 3) work flow manager :- monitor the scheduled and running workflows. Mapping and workflow logic are processed by the Powercenter Nipun Garg server (it's engine) and it translates the metadata from the code to do what it needs to do. With Informatica 8, there is a feature what is called "Push down optimization". Basically, if the server feels that all of the logic can be performed in the databases one is working with, then it will execute everything it can within that database (similiar to Oracle Warehouse Builder). Informatica stores all repository and domain metadata in database tables -- which is standard for any enterprise tool today.

In computing, master data management (MDM) comprises a set of Lucky Rajput processes and tools that consistently defines and manages the nontransactional data entities of an organization .MDM has the objective of providing processes for collecting, aggregating, matching, consolidating, quality-assuring, persisting and distributing such data throughout an organization to ensure consistency and control in the ongoing maintenance and application use of this information. Processes commonly seen in MDM solutions include source identification, data collection, data transformation, normalization, error detection and correction, data consolidation, data storage, data distribution, and data governance. MDM may apply to such entities as customer (Customer Data Integration), product (Product Information Management), employee, and vendor. MDM processes identify the sources from which to collect descriptions of these entities. In the course of transformation and normalization, administrators adapt descriptions to conform to standard formats and data domains, making it possible to remove duplicate instances of any entity. Such processes generally result in an organizational MDM repository, from which all requests for a certain entity instance produce the same description, irrespective of the originating sources and the requesting destinations

Four types of schemas Jobin Joseph 1.)Star Schema: A star schema is the one in which a central fact table is sourrounded by denormalized dimensional tables. A star schema can be simple or complex. A simple star schema consists of one fact table where as a complex star schema have more than one fact table. 2.)Snow Flake Schema: A snow flake schema is an enhancement of star schema by adding additional dimensions. Snow flake schema are useful when there are low cardinality attributes in the dimensions. 3.)Galaxy Schema: Galaxy schema contains many fact tables with some common dimensions (conformed dimensions). This schema is a combination of many data marts. 4.)Fact Constellation Schema: The dimensions in this schema are segregated into independent dimensions based on the levels of hierarchy. For example, if geography has five levels of hierarchy like teritary, region, country, state and city; constellation schema would have five dimensions instead of one.

Informatica stores all repository and domain metadata in database tables , which is a standard for any enterprise tool. before installing iinformatica it will ask for the database, because it will create repository tables into that schema.

Nipun Garg

The Aggregator transformation allows performing aggregate calculations, such as averages and sums. Unlike Expression Transformation, the Aggregator transformation can only be used to perform calculations on groups. The Expression transformation permits calculations on a row-by-row basis only. Aggregator Transformation contains group by ports that indicate how to group the data. While grouping the data, the aggregator transformation outputs the last row of each group unless otherwise specified in the transformation properties.

Shruti Chauhan

Various group by functions available in Informatica are : AVG, COUNT, FIRST, LAST, MAX, MEDIAN, MIN, PERCENTILE, STDDEV, SUM, VARIANCE. Slicing and dicing of business objects is used for a detailed analysis Priyanka Biswas of the data. It allows changing the position of data by interchanging rows and columns. It is used to rotate the cube to view it from different perspectives. Source Qualifier : read data from Flat files and Relational sources Mukesh Gawhade XML source Qualifier : read XML data Normalizer : recognizes records from VSAM, Relational and Flat files Expressions : performs row-level calculations Aggregator : performs aggregate calculations Filter : drops rows conditionally Router : splits rows conditionally Sorter : sorts data

MOLAP: A more traditional way of OLAP analysis. Data is persisted Manish Lalwani in a multidimensional cube in MOLAP. The storage is in proprietary formats but not in the relational database. MOLAP data cubes are built in such a way that data retrieval is faster and are optimal for dicing and slicing operations. ROLAP: A methodology that is relied on manipulating the persisted data in the relational database, for providing an appearance of traditional OLAPs dicing and slicing functionality. The actions of slicing and dicing are equivalent to adding the WHERE clause in the SQL statement, is the essential part of ROLAP. The amount of data is not limited by ROLAP itself, thus able to handle large amounts of data.. "Mutating" means "changing". A mutating table is a table that is Mayur Jain currently being modified by an update, delete, or insert statement. When a trigger tries to reference a table that is in state of flux (being changed), it is considered "mutating", and raises an error since Oracle should never return inconsistent data. Another way this error can occur is if the trigger has statements to change the primary, foreign or unique key columns of the table off which it fires. If you must have triggers on tables that have referential constraints, the workaround is to enforce the referential integrity through triggers as well.

KPI stands for Key Performance Indicators. These are the key Sushit Soni features usually represented in dashboards prepared for specific end users. KPI's help users to take important business related decisions. An autonomous transaction is an independent transaction that is Mayur Jain initiated by another transaction, and executes without interfering with the parent transaction. When an autonomous transaction is called, the originating transaction gets suspended. Control is returned when the autonomous transaction does a COMMIT or ROLLBACK. A trigger or procedure can be marked as autonomous by declaring it as PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;. You may need to increase the TRANSACTIONS parameter to allow for the extra concurrent transactions. SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER tab1_trig 2 AFTER insert ON tab1 3 DECLARE 4 PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION; 5 BEGIN 6 INSERT INTO log VALUES (SYSDATE, 'Insert on TAB1'); 7 COMMIT; -- only allowed in autonomous triggers 8 END; 9 / Trigger created. SQL> INSERT INTO tab1 VALUES (1); 1 row created. NOTE:THIS IS EXAMPLE FOR AUTONOMOUS TRANSACTION AS WELL BM Cognos Data Manager provides dimensional ETL capabilities for high performance business intelligence. IBM Rational Insight leverages IBM Cognos Data Manager for executing its ETL operation. Some of its features are: Mukesh Gawhade

Soumya Sanghi

* Supports high performance analysis of relational data by creating aggregate tables at multiple levels within and across hierarchies in the dimension tables * Provides multilingual support to enhance your data integration capabilities and help you quickly build a global data integration platform * Automates many of the processes associated with warehouse dimension table creation and management, without the need for manual coding * Enables multiple developers to share information It is cognos metadata modeling tool for creating and managing Sushit Soni business related metadata for use in cognos reporting and analysis. Whenever there is a need of directly returning any value out of the execution block of the sub program, a function is used. and whenever any operation has to be done after comparing the accepted value, a procedure is used. however, using the In,Out, InOut parameter in a procedure also a value can be returned, but this value is used with the help of bind variable.

A cursors is a pointer used to fetch rows from a result set. One can Rashmi joshi think of a cursor as a data structure that describes the results returned from a SQL SELECT statement. One of the variables in this structure is a pointer to the next record to be fetched from the query results. Note that if you do repetitive stuff inside a loop and you fail to close your cursors, you would soon run into the ORA-01000: maximum number of open cursors exceeded error. A trigger is a program in a database that gets called each time a row in a table is INSERTED, UPDATED, or DELETED. Triggers allow you to check that any changes are correct, or to fill in missing information before it is COMMITed. there are 4 types of triggers:- 1. DDL triggers 2. DML triggers 3. system or DB event triggers 4. instead of triggers. %ROWTYPE is used to declare a row type variable. It declares the variable with the same types as found in the table of the specified database. and a record type variable contains every column for a particular record, any attribute can be accessed by using record_var_name.column_name. There are four kinds of exceptions in PL/SQL: *Named system exceptions. Exceptions that have been given names by PL/SQL and raised as a result of an error in PL/SQL or RDBMS processing. *Named programmer-defined exceptions. Exceptions that are raised as a result of errors in your application code. You give these exceptions names by declaring them in the declaration section. You then raise the exceptions explicitly in the program. *Unnamed system exceptions. Exceptions that are raised as a result of an error in PL/SQL or RDBMS processing but have not been given names by PL/SQL. *Unnamed programmer-defined exceptions. Exceptions that are defined and raised in the server by the programmer. Package is a collection of name spaces and dimensional maps. A package gets published [exported] from FW manager into Cognos Content Store in Cognos Server. Package is a collection of name spaces and dimension maps. It is the subset of the model. Namespace takes part in the absolute path where data-items are Rashmi joshi referenced with. A folder simply rearranges objects WITHOUT actually changing the path. you can check this from , say, report studio. A data-item is identified by the namespace path, whereas a folder does not appear in the definition.Also you can have query subjects of same name in two different namespaces but in folder FM does not allow you keep Query subjects of same name. Eg: there are two namespaces namely 'SALES' and 'MARKETING', u can import time dimension into two namespaces by the same name but it not possible to store the same dimension in two different folders.

IBM Cognos Business Insight is a revolutionary business intelligence Priyanka Biswas workspace that gives users the ability to assemble, personalize and analyze virtually all types of data in any time horizon. Create reports and communicate using familiar tools and applicationsall from a single interface. It is professional report authoring tool formatted for the web. It is one Rashmi Joshi of the client tier tools of IBM. Drill DOWN means a way to filter the results to a more detailed level from the Parent Level. Drill UP on the other hand means to go up to a Higher (Parent) Level from a Lower (Child) level. PURVA PHANSE

Drill Through on the other hand means to drill into (get into ) another report for getting more details. The values from the Parent(Main) report are passed to the Child (Detailed Report) for filter conditions. When viewing the SQL of a query, a user can either view the Native PURVA PHANSE or the Cognos SQL. The Native SQL is what is being passed to the database. Where the Cognos SQL is the entire SQL used to perform the SQL. In certain scenarios, the native SQL will be a subset of the Cognos SQL which may indicate that the application will do some local processing.Framework Manager generates the most optimized SQL possible while preserving its functionality. In this way, Cognos SQL offers the most added value. Native SQL is the SQL the data source uses such as Oracle SQL. You cannot use Native SQL in a model query subject that references more than one data source in the project. List Report A list report is a representation of your data in rows and columns and is useful for showing detailed database information. You can manipulate list report data in various ways to obtain the information you need. Crosstab Report you can create a crosstab report to show information in summary form. The report still has rows and columns, but the intersection of the rows and columns shows a summary of information. Charts Cognos Report Studio You can create a chart to show your information in graphical form. There are several types of graphs you can use in Report Studio. lav khare

When you use a detail filter to filter a report only on detail data items, Sumita Chawla none of the data items in a detail filter are summary data items. Examples of detail data items are product, order number, and customer name. You can filter detail data items that you select from a query or a catalog. A detail filter applies one or more specified conditions to each row of data. If the conditions are true for a row, the row is retrieved and appears in the report: if the conditions are not true, the row is not retrieved and does not appear in the report. A summary filter is used to filter summary data items in a report. Before you create a summary filter, you must calculate the summary data items that you want to use in the filter. Summary data items that you include in the filter are calculated before the filter is applied while summary data items that arent in the filter are calculated after the summary filter is applied. You can filter summary data items that select from a report query or the catalog. Mradula Ghatiya

You secure an object directly by allowing users access to the object, Priyanka Biswas denying users access tothe object, or keeping it hidden for all users. Metadata security can be applied directly to objects in a project. When you add object-based security, you apply a specific user, group, or role directly to the object. You choose to make the object visible to selected users or groups. If you do not set object-based security, all objects in your project are visible to everyone who has access to the package. When you apply security to one object, all objects in the model will also have security applied to them. They will not be visible to anyone. Once you set security for one object, you need to set it for all objects. You can do this by setting security on the root namespace. Both Report Studio and Query Studio can be accessed from within Mradula Ghatiya the Cognos Connection web portal. Report Studio is used to create sophisticated reports and charts with complex prompts and filters. Query Studio is used to create ad hoc queries and simple reports and charts. Generated Prompt is a kind of prompt which automatically chooses Lucky Rajput & display any of the other prompt(Text prompt,value Prompt etc) at run time according to the data type of the data item added for the filtering . For Example - If you add date and time value as the filter item in a generated Prompt, the prompt will automatically choose the 'Date and Time Prompt' at the run time. Query subject are the table itself, and query items are the column of those tables.

TRANSFORMER: It helps in designing and developing rohit nigam multidimentional cubes. METRIC DESIGNER: it is a windows based user interface which is used by metric studio to monitor kpi of a company as a whole by senior management of company. In Query studio we can view the values in the work area while rohit nigam creating or editing the report but in report studio , you can view the values only when you run the report in report viewer. Namespace shows the location of the file but folder does not show it. Rashmi Jodhi Duplicacy is not allowed in namespace while it is allowed in folder structure

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Questions When the aggregate function or "roll up aggregate function" is set "TOTAL" or "AUTOMATIC"? What are the difference between Cognos Report Studio and Query Studio?

What is the use of Generated Prompt?

Answers

Both Report Studio and Query Studio can be accessed from within the Cognos Connection web portal. Report Studio is used to create sophisticated reports and charts with complex prompts and filters. Query Studio is used to create ad hoc queries and simple reports and charts. Generated Prompt is a kind of prompt which automatically chooses & display any of the other prompt(Text prompt,value Prompt etc) at run time according to the data type of the data item added for the filtering . For Example - If you add date and time value as the filter item in a generated Prompt, the prompt will automatically choose the 'Date and Time Prompt' at the run time.

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Mradula Ghatiya

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