Mandible fractures

Anatomy

 Blood supply

Anatomy

 Innervations

Anatomy

Anatomy

overview
Mandible fractures are a frequent injury because of the mandible's prominence , relative lack of support. Early reduction better outcomes. The mandible is the second most frequently fractured bone of the face,10th in the body . Men are 3 to 6 times more likely to have a mandible fracture.

Causes
Motor vehicle accidents Assaults -> most common mechanism Sports-related injuries Falls

CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTURES
Mandibular fractures may be classified according to: 1. Anatomical location. 2. The relationship between the direction of the fracture line and the muscular function. 3. The presence of dental elements (Type I, II and III). 4. The severity of the mandibular damage (Complete, incomplete, greenstick, comminuted and and complex). 5. The relationship between the fracture site and the external environment (Closed, exposed, intraoral wounds). *The complete diagnosis of a mandibular fracture requires classification according
to these proposed criteria, to enable a better therapeutic approach.

Anatomical classification

1. Symphyseal fractures.
central incisors

2. Parasymphyseal fractures.
canine teeth

3. Body.

4. Angle.

5. Vertical ramus

6. Coronoid process.

7. Condylar fractures.

Symptoms
Severe pain in the jaw Problem in opening the mouth and mastication Loose teeth Numbness in the chin and the lower lip Difficulty chewing

Diagnosis
Physical examination along with the questions like how the accident occurred and what are the symptoms faced. The doctor then examines your jaw for any Deviation on opening the mouth ,cut, swelling, bruising, tenderness ,hematoma or deformity external exam.

 Internal exam Dental check for any broken or loose teeth ,impaired movement ,mucosal lining for bleeding.

 A panoramic X-rays good picture of the mandible, teeth and their roots. CXR may also be required if teeth are unaccounted for. CT scanning details

Routine tests CBC ,blood sugar (random or fasting)

Treatment
1. Conservative treatment
When only fracture line seen but no displacement
Control of pain. Control of infection. Temporary stabilization of fractured part. Soft diets. Oral hygiene Instructions.

2. Active treatment / principles of treatment:

When displacement occurs A. Reduction: It is the process of bringing the fractured fragments into normal Position.
Closed reduction: Pulls or manipulate the bone under the intact skin until the fracture is in proper position. Open reduction: Bringing fractured area in its right position surgically

B. Fixation and immobilization: It is the procedure by which the fractured bone ends are fixed in reduced position.
Indirect fixation by IMF Direct fixation by bone plate, screws.

C. Rehabilitation / Physiotherapy.

Complications of mandibular fractures

1. risk of airways' impairment as the muscular action pulls the distal mandibular segment backwards, allowing the tongue to obstruct the oropharynx. 2. Neuropraxia. 3. Infection increases complications including malunion or nonunion. 4. Ankylosis. 5. The psychological implication of facial trauma that the risk of post- traumatic stress disorder is increased.

Thank you for listening

DONE BY Aseel Hamarsheh Hanan Abu Eisheh