Spring 2011

ME 201
Thermodynamics
Ideal Gas Practice Problems Solutions 1. Determine the entropy change for air as it goes from 285 K and 150 kPa to 1850 K and 1000 kPa. Solution: Our entropy change will be given by
o s 2 s1 so s1 R ln(P2 / P1 ) 2 So we go to the air table (A-17, pg 934) and fill in our table below Substance Type: Ideal Gas (air) Process: Unknown State 1 State 2 T1 = 285 K T2 = 1850 K P1 = 150 kPa P2 = 1000 kPa so1 = 1.65055 kJ/(kgK) so2 = 3.7023 kJ/(kgK) Italicized values read from air tables or calculated from ideal gas equation. Now calculating o s 2 s1 so s1 R ln(P2 / P1 ) = 3.7023 - 1.65055 (0.287)ln(1000/150) 2 = 1.5073 kJ/(kgK)

2. Determine the internal energy change for air as it undergoes an isometric process from 320 K and 72 kPa to 720 kPa. Solution: Our internal energy change will be given by, u2 u1, where the us come form the tables So we go to the air table (A-17, pg 934) and fill in our table below Substance Type: Ideal Gas (air) Process: Unknown State 1 State 2 T1 = 320 K T2 = 1967 K P1 = 72 kPa P2 = 720 kPa u1 = 228.42 kJ/kg u2 = 1646.95 kJ/kg Italicized values read from air tables. Bold values are calculated. We note that our second state is not fixed (we only know the pressure), but we know the process, so that v2 = v1 From our ideal gas law we have RT (0.287 )(320 ) v1 1 1.2756 m 3 / kg P1 72 and v2 = 1.2756 m3/kg

ME 201 Thermodynamics

Spring 2011

We have now fixed our second state and can calculate the temperature using the ideal gas law Pv (720)(1.2756) T2 2 2 1967 K R 0.287 We can now go to the air table and use interpolation to find u2 = 1646.95 kJ/kg Then u = 1646.95 - 228.42 = 1418.53 kJ/kg 3. Determine the enthalpy change (in kJ/kg) for OH as is goes from 2400 K and 1300 kPa to 1600 K and 700 kPa. Solution: Our enthalpy change will be given by, h2 h1, where the hs come form the tables So we go to the air table (A-25, pg 947) and fill in our table below Substance Type: Ideal Gas (air) Process: Unknown State 1 State 2 T1 =2400 K T2 =1600 K P1 = 1300 kPa P2 = 700 kPa h1 = 77,015 kJ/kmole h2 =49,358 kJ/kmole Italicized values read from air tables or calculated from ideal gas equation. Then our change in enthalpy is h = 49,358 - 77,015 = -27,657 kJ/kmole But we want this in kJ/kg, so we must divide by the molecular of OH, which is 17 kg/kmole, so that h = -27,657/17 = -1627 kJ/kmole 4. Determine the internal energy change (in kJ/kg) for OH as it undergoes an isentropic process from 3200 K and 7.2 MPa to 720 kPa. Solution: Our internal energy change will be given by, u2 u1, where the us come form the tables So we go to the air table (A-25, pg 947) and fill in our table below Substance Type: Ideal Gas (air) Process: Unknown State 1 State 2 T1 = 3200 K T2 = K P1 = 7200 kPa P2 = 720 kPa u 2 = 43,004 kJ/kmol u 1 = 79,539 kJ/kmol Italicized values read from air tables. Bold values are calculated. We note that our second state is not fixed (we only know the pressure), but we know the process, so that
o o s2 s1 s2 s1 R u ln( P2 / P1 ) 0

o We know everything in this equation, except for s 2 , which we can solve for
o o s2 s1 R u ln( P2 / P1 )

ME 201 Thermodynamics

Spring 2011

From the OH tables we find

o s1 259.093kJ/(kmol K) Then calculating o s2 259.093 (8.314) ln(720 / 7200) 239.95kJ/(kmol K) This now fixes our second state, which allows us to go to the OH tables and interpolate to find u 2 = 43,004 kJ/(kmolK) Then our change in internal energy is u = 43,004 - 79,539 = -36,535 kJ/kmole But we want this in kJ/kg, so we must divide by the molecular of OH, which is 17 kg/kmole, so that h = -36,535/17 = -2149 kJ/kmole