A Proposal for Research

Comparison Between Convolutional Codes and Concatenated Codes According to their Performance
Submitted to Dr. Jamil Ahmed. By Majid Iftikhar, (6225),BSTN. Iqra University Islamabad. And Mobeen Akhter, (6230), BSTN. Iqra Universtiy Islamabad.
Abstract As bandwidth demands increase and the tolerance for errors and latency decreases, designers of data-communication systems are looking for new ways to expand available bandwidth and improve the quality of transmission. One solution isn't actually new, but has been around for a while. Nevertheless, it could prove quite useful. Called forward error correction (FEC), this design technology has been used for years to enable efficient, high-quality data communication over noisy channels. FEC is accomplished by adding redundancy to the transmitted information using a predetermined algorithm. A redundant bit may be a complex function of many original information bits. The original information may or may not appear literally in the encoded output; codes that include the unmodified input in the output are systematic, while those that do not are non-systematic In this research we will compare two type FEC coding schemes according to their performance on the basis of error detection and correction in best efficient way. Types of FEC coding schemes are Convolutional Codes and Concatenated codes. Introduction

Convolutional codes work on bit or symbol streams of arbitrary length. They are most often decoded with the Viterbi algorithm, though other algorithms are sometimes used. Viterbi decoding allows asymptotically optimal decoding efficiency with increasing constraint length of the convolutional code, but at the expense of exponentially increasing complexity. A convolutional code can be turned into a block code, if desired, Classical (algebraic) block codes and convolutional codes are frequently combined in concatenated coding schemes in which a short constraint-length Viterbi-decoded convolutional code does most of the work and a block code (usually Reed-Solomon) with larger symbol size and block length "mops up" any errors made by the convolutional decoder. Concatenated codes have been standard practice in satellite and deep space communications since Voyager 2 first used the technique in its 1986 encounter with Uranus. Concatenated codes are error-correcting codes that are constructed from two or more simpler codes in order to achieve good performance with reasonable complexity. Originally introduced by Forney in 1965 to address a theoretical issue, they became widely used in space communications in the 1970s. Turbo codes and other modern capacityapproaching codes may be regarded as elaborations of this approach. Objectives To To To To analyze the coding schemes. find the best comparison between these two coding schemes. simulate both coding schemes (depends on need) determine best coding scheme.

Bibliography

Sklar.B,2001,Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications second addition,Pearson Education,Delhi.

Dave Forney (2009) Concatenated codes. Scholarpedia,available from: http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Concatenated_codes