SECTION 4.

1 Special Right Triangles and Trigonometric Ratios

Chapter 4
Trigonometric Functions Section 4.1:

Special Right Triangles and Trigonometric Ratios

Special Right Triangles Trigonometric Ratios

Special Right Triangles Right Triangles:

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CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions

45o-45o-90o Triangles:

Theorem for 45o-45o-90o Triangles:

Example:

Solution:

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SECTION 4.1 Special Right Triangles and Trigonometric Ratios

30o-60o-90o Triangles:

Theorem for 30o-60o-90o Triangles:

Example:

MATH 1330 Precalculus

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CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions Solution:

Additional Example 1:

Solution: Part (a):

Part (b):

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SECTION 4.1 Special Right Triangles and Trigonometric Ratios

Additional Example 2:

Solution:

MATH 1330 Precalculus

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CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions

Additional Example 3:

Solution: Part (a):

Part (b):

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SECTION 4.1 Special Right Triangles and Trigonometric Ratios

Additional Example 4:

Solution:

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CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions Additional Example 5:

Solution:

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SECTION 4.1 Special Right Triangles and Trigonometric Ratios

Trigonometric Ratios The Three Basic Trigonometric Ratios:

Example:

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CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions Solution:

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SECTION 4.1 Special Right Triangles and Trigonometric Ratios

The Three Reciprocal Trigonometric Ratios:

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CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions Example:

Solution:

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SECTION 4.1 Special Right Triangles and Trigonometric Ratios Additional Example 1:

Solution: Part (a):

Part (b):

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CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions

Part (c):

Additional Example 2:

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SECTION 4.1 Special Right Triangles and Trigonometric Ratios

Solution:

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CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions Additional Example 3:

Solution:

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SECTION 4.1 Special Right Triangles and Trigonometric Ratios Additional Example 4:

Solution:

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CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions

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Exercise Set 4.1: Special Right Triangles and Trigonometric Ratios

Answer the following. 1. If two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the __________ opposite those sides are also congruent. If two angles of a triangle are congruent, then the __________ opposite those angles are also congruent. In any triangle, the sum of the measures of its angles is _____ degrees. In an isosceles right triangle, each acute angle measures _____ degrees. Fill in each missing blank with one of the following: smallest, largest In any triangle, the longest side is opposite the __________ angle, and the shortest side is opposite the __________ angle. Fill in each missing blank with one of the following: 30o, 60o, 90o In a 30o-60o-90o triangle, the hypotenuse is opposite the _____ angle, the shorter leg is opposite the _____ angle, and the longer leg is opposite the _____ angle. 11.
45o

9.
4 2
45o

2.

x 10.
45o

3.

3 2

4.

5.

x 6. 12. x

45o

For each of the following, (a) Use the theorem for 45o-45o-90o triangles to find x. (b) Use the Pythagorean Theorem to verify the result obtained in part (a).

13.

7.
45o

x 5 x 14. x 12

8. x 15.
45o

8 2

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Exercise Set 4.1: Special Right Triangles and Trigonometric Ratios

16.
45o

2 3

22. In the figure below, an altitude is drawn to the base of an equilateral triangle. (a) Find a and b. (b) Justify the answer obtained in part (a). (c) Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find c, the length of the altitude. (Write c in simplest radical form.)

17.
2 3
45o 30o 30o

4
60o

c x 18. x For each of the following, Use the theorem for 30o-60o90o triangles to find x and y. 23.
5 2
60o

30o

The following examples help to illustrate the theorem regarding 30o-60o-90o triangles. 19. What is the measure of each angle of an equilateral triangle? 20. An altitude is drawn to the base of the equilateral triangle drawn below. Find the measures of x and y. yo 25. xo
6 3

24.
30
o

22

x y

x
60o

21. In the figure below, an altitude is drawn to the base of an equilateral triangle. (a) Find a and b. (b) Justify the answer obtained in part (a). (c) Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find c, the length of the altitude.
30o 30o

26.
30o

y 10 8
60
o

c
60
o

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Exercise Set 4.1: Special Right Triangles and Trigonometric Ratios

27. x (b) Find the following:
sin A _____ sin B _____

60o

cos A _____ tan A _____

cos B _____ tan B _____

28.

60o

34.

D 25

15 3

E 29. x
30o

24

(a) Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find DE. 6 (b) Find the following:
sin D _____ sin F _____
cos F _____ cos D _____

tan D _____

tan F _____

30. x

60o

4 2

35. Suppose that is an acute angle of a right 5 triangle and sin . Find cos and 7 tan .
60o

31.

5 3

36. Suppose that is an acute angle of a right triangle and tan

cos .

4 2 . Find sin and 7

32. x

y
30o

37. The reciprocal of the sine function is the _______________ function. 38. The reciprocal of the cosine function is the _______________ function. 39. The reciprocal of the tangent function is the _______________ function. 40. The reciprocal of the cosecant function is the _______________ function.

Answer the following. Write answers in simplest form. 33. A 17

15

41. The reciprocal of the secant function is the _______________ function. B 42. The reciprocal of the cotangent function is the _______________ function.

(a) Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find BC.

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Exercise Set 4.1: Special Right Triangles and Trigonometric Ratios

47. Suppose that is an acute angle of a right 43. 6

5 x

2 10 . Find the six 3 trigonometric functions of .

triangle and cot 48. Suppose that is an acute angle of a right 5 triangle and sec . Find the six 2 trigonometric functions of .

(a) Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find x. (b) Find the six trigonometric functions of . (c) Find the six trigonometric functions of .

44.

49.

x
45o 30
o

60o

4 (a) Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find x. (b) Find the six trigonometric functions of . (c) Find the six trigonometric functions of .

3 (a) Use the theorems for special right triangles to find the missing side lengths in the triangles above. (b) Using the triangles above, find the following:
sin 45 _____ csc 45 _____

45. 4

cos 45 _____

sec 45 _____
cot 45 _____

8 (a) Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find x. (b) Find the six trigonometric functions of . (c) Find the six trigonometric functions of .

tan 45 _____

(c) Using the triangles above, find the following:

sin 30 _____ csc 30 _____ sec 30 _____

cos 30 _____
tan 30 _____

46. 8

cot 30 _____

6 x (d) Using the triangles above, find the following:

sin 60 _____ csc 60 _____
sec 60 _____ cot 60 _____

(a) Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find x. (b) Find the six trigonometric functions of . (c) Find the six trigonometric functions of .

cos 60 _____
tan 60 _____

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University of Houston Department of Mathematics

Exercise Set 4.1: Special Right Triangles and Trigonometric Ratios

50.
45o

12
60o

30o

(a) Use the theorems for special right triangles to find the missing side lengths in the triangles above. (b) Using the triangles above, find the following:
sin 45 _____ csc 45 _____

cos 45 _____
tan 45 _____

sec 45 _____
cot 45 _____

(c) Using the triangles above, find the following:

sin 30 _____ csc 30 _____ sec 30 _____

cos 30 _____
tan 30 _____

cot 30 _____

(d) Using the triangles above, find the following:

sin 60 _____ csc 60 _____
sec 60 _____ cot 60 _____

cos 60 _____
tan 60 _____

51. Compare the answers to parts (b), (c), and (d) in the previous two examples. What do you notice?

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