Linguistic Divine theories Language was considered as a divine gift because when God created Adam, he instantaneously had

d that ability to communicate and talk to God in Hebrew (The language spoken back then). As well, in Egypt, Psammetichus did an experiment that proved that speech is passed on to humans through human ancestors. He took two babies from different families and when they were two years old they said bread in The. Even though they never were allowed to hear a word in their current language. Panini His theory of language was conceived by the cration of an algebrical system through the grouping of words that had similar phonetic characteristics.

Plato He selected the use of philosophy and dialectic to be conscious that the name of an object is not only nature, but in use and conventionality. Besides the knowledge of things are not necessarily in words but in reality and interaction of them. Dionysius Thrax: He focused his studies in the different parts of grammar and the classification of words. He reached this knowledge by analyzing ancient authors like Homer. Also, the studies made in Alexandria allowed him to figure out the theories he developed Varro: He was the first raising questions about language at the level of episteme ( knowledge). To do that, he noticed that derivation (precedence. inception) was essential for word-formation. Varro made use of a metaphor of a plant growing from a seed to explain Natural Derivation. Naturally derived forms are produced by inflexible linguistic laws, just as the form of a plant is governed by inflexible laws of its growing.

Port Royal (Claude Lancelot - Sieur de Trigny) 1660 Grammar is the art of speech. Speech is explaining thoughts by signs that men have invented to accomplish that goal. It was found that these signs were sounds and voices. As these sounds didnt last for long, other signs were invented to make them durable and visible. The signs became writing characters that Greeks called grammata. To sum up it is possible to consider two things of signs: The first one is that they Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) Leibniz's achievements in the field of philosophy of language can be summarized in the following points: 1. The universal language is a primary basis. Leibniz rejects the idea of language evolution as a process from the individual to the universal. Universal ideas are not born as a result of the evolution of language, because without such ideas the language is simply impossible. Leibniz accepts the "abstraction" of species to genera, but not individuals to species. 2. The conception of species as "possibilities". Language is not a simple description of possibilities given once for all, because not all species are named, and these, therefore, do not designate the essence of things, but the essence as a possibility. The essence and the definition of a thing are interrelated, but the essence can not be identified simply by being seen or taken arbitrarily. The essence (wesenheit) is the possibility (Mglichkeit) of what is said. A definition is nominal, unless that includes the possibility of the thing. In the case of substances is possible to distinguish two kinds of definitions, which may be called nominal and real definition or causal. The first type of definition corresponds to things that are perceived by immediate experience, as in the case of "gold" which is presented as something heavy yellow and ductile. The second type corresponds to scientific knowledge about the causes of those properties of gold. 3. Verification of the social existence of linguistic species. A language, in a certain space of time, represents a choice between species logically possible. 4. The insistence on the primary character of the boundaries or linguistic determinations. On this point again later language other philosophers, like Hegel, Lotze, Croce, Heidegger, Cassirer.

logically possible Kristian Rask He took advantage of grammar comparative studies that were emerging at the time. "Experience teaches, said Rask, lexical coincidence that offers a much more solid proof of kinship or original unity, it was found to have a language that has been mixed with another does not take variations in form or flexion of this, but rare if ever, "Research on the origin of the old Norse or Icelandic language After exposing the Icelandic relationship with the other Gothic languages, Rask carefully compare Icelandic and Gothic on the one hand, and the Thracian other. The term "Thracian" or "Thracian language" can not be more unfortunate to refer to Latin and Greek. In general language groups adduced by Rask resent the arbitrary use of a particular name in a general sense. Franz Bopp (1791-1867) In his first exploratory trip through the fields of linguistics, what happened to Christopher Columbus, who, seeking new route to the Indies made the discovery of America. So Bopp, in the words of Meillet, trying to go back to the Indo-European, he found that he had discovered the comparative grammar. The essential object of the investigations of Bopp is well defined: to compare the grammatical forms of the various Indo-European languages, drawing in particular from the Sanskrit, and it must be admitted that his admirable and accurate vision. But discovering the similarities between these languages (which refused to give the name of "Indo-Germanic" as his compatriots) are not for Bopp but a means to older forms, less mutilated, more primitive, ie, towards the primitive Aryan or Indo-European. I fail to be achieved, but instead discovered the comparative grammar. On the Sanskrit conjugation system compared with Greek, Latin, Persian and Germanic, with episodes of Ramayana and Mahabharata in exact metric translations of the original text and some pieces of the Vedas. Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767 - 1835) Humboldt topics are diverse: first, the description of body language, which also called structure. His writings allow us to discover typological interest, the desire for a classification of languages according to their structures. On the other hand, essentially interested in the formation of languages, the power back to its origins, which in his mind, it can be more metaphysical than linguistic considerations For Humboldt, language is a natural gift, an innate property, specific to man (man and language are born at a time). On the other hand, believes that the tongue is the organ that is the thinking, expressing and shapes the national spirit, the worldview of the people own, convinced that their ideology clearly reflects purely romantic. Thus, the diversity of languages is a testament to the diversity of mentalities. The concept of "inner form of language" (innere Sprachform): linguistic form is constant and uniform element that occurs in the work of the spirit to transform the sound articulated expression of thought, understanding and presenting it systematically and so completely as possible in all its connections). Jakob Grimm (1785 - 1863) He was considered the father of German Philology. Grimm's Law. Grimm points out carefully in all German grammar and phonetic morphological details of the various languages of Germanic origin, but given this early it was in linguistics at the time, still can not throw enough light on the subtle and complex the laws that regulate and explain linguistic facts, so in his remarks abound rather than explanations. The German scholar calls this law displacement or translation of the sounds) or consonant rotation Act. Under that law, the whole system of consonants of Greek and Latin has been run as it were a degree that is, initial consonants p, t, k Greco-Latin, become the Germanic languages in their respective aspirated F, th, h (th zeta Spanish). Thus, for example, the Latin words pater, you, cornu are those of the Old Icelandic fadir, thu (zu) horn. On the other hand, the Germanic consonants p, t, k, correspond to b, d, g from Greek and Latin. August Schleicher (1821 - 1867) Schleicher defined linguistics as a natural science. It is a science belonging to a separate branch of knowledge. For Schleicher languages are studied in their evolution, which is independent of the individual laws. It is in Die Theorie und die Darwinsche Sprachwissenschaft where we see: "Languages are natural organisms that are born without being identifiable by the will of man, grow and develop according to fixed laws and in turn grow old and die. They have, therefore, the number of phenomena that are commonly understood by the name of life. linguistics, the science of language, then, is a natural science, its method is in everything and for all the same as the natural sciences. "