Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Development Science I:
QUIZ
What is agroforestry landscape? What is watershed?
Graduate School of International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima University Japan Spring 2012
Material Source: AFLA Modul (Arifin HS, Wulandari C, Pramukanto and Kaswanto RL, 2008); Arifin HS, Wulandari C, Pramukanto and Kaswanto RL, 2010. Analisis Lanskap Agroforestri. IPB Press. Bogor. 199p
AGROFORESTRY LANDSCAPE Agroforestry in landscape scale Ecological boundaries Bio- regional Watershed ~ Water catchment ~ Water drainage ~ Catchment Area
DRAINAGE PATTERN AND SETTLEMENTS IN SOUTHERN PART OF RINJANI ECOSYSTEM ECPE, WWF LOMBOK)
WATERSHED
Is an area of internal drainage, the size an shape of which is determined by surface topography. Is completely encircled by a divide or a ridge line. Precipitation falling on one side of the divide drains toward the outlet or mouth of the watershed on that side of the divide.
WATERSHED
4. Evapotranspiratration
Mt. Gede
5. Percolation
Cianjur City
0 N 10km
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HS Arifin Doc
HS Arifin Doc
HS Arifin Doc
HS Arifin Doc
HS Arifin Doc
HS Arifin Doc
HS Arifin Doc
HS Arifin Doc
SIMPLE AGROFORESTRY
COMPLEX AGROFORESTRY
HS Arifin Doc
HS Arifin Doc
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Agrosylvofisheries
HS Arifin Doc
HS Arifin Doc
COMPLEX AGROFORESTRY
HS Arifin Doc
TUMPANG SARI
HS Arifin Doc
HS Arifin Doc
HS Arifin Doc
Landscape Change ~ Landscape Dynamic is the changing of landscape in the scale of spatiotemporal.
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Maninjau Bukittingi
Local government
PLTA Coffee enclave Multistakeholder interactions, governance, conflict, incentives: historical development, drivers of change, scenarios & future Landscape scale pattern of interactions, emergence of environmental services Value chain and marketing of AF products Farmer management of agroforestry patches on farm Tree-Soil-CropClimate-Fauna interactions Solok town
Singkarak
Paninggahan
Ombilin river
Padang
100%
Kapuas Hulu Lantapan W Aceh Upper Ping Singkarak Claveria 60% Batang Toru Halimun
80%
20% 0% 0
How does forest cover compare to population density & Bao Shan Hoa Binh SEAsia baseline? Tulang Bawang
200 250
50
100
150
Conditions & Trends: What are the goods and services people derive? Where is the landscape on the degradation/ rehabilitation transition?
Prima- Seconry dary
Stakeholders: What are the roles, who are the players, what are their interests?
NEGOTIATION SUPPORT SYSTEM (NSS); Bringing science and knowledge to negotiation tables
4. Innovation drivers
Natural capital Knowledge systems Market access
Tree cover
Planted trees
Agreed changes
3.Negotiation Process
Spontaneous changes
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As a macro scale, forest area in Kapuas Hulu District is 2.984.203 ha. 17.5% (523.094 ha) was forest production. 15.5% (461.063 ha) was marginal land due to illegal logging and mining exploitation. In October 1, 2003 Decree of Forest Minister No. 144 (2003) published Declaration of Kapuas Hulu District as a conservation district. The protected area is 54.9% from the total areaBKNP (800.000 ha), DSNP (132.000 ha), Danau Empangau Protected Forest (628.973 ha), water catchment area (360 ha), and peat soil area (67.082 ha).
As a micro scale, the landscape mosaic could be observed through landscape dynamic from the riparian area to the inland near the forest. It was established the land use order, i.e. tembawang (kebun campuran = mixed gardens), which is lied between river and housing site; pekarangan (home gardens); kebun tanaman (plantation); ladang (dry lands); and finally is hutan (forests).
LAND COVER TYPE OF MENDALAM RIVER BASIN 1990, 2000 AND 2005 *
Area (ha) No. Land Cover Type ha 1 2 3 4 Low Land Forest Secondary Dry Land Forest Secondary Wetland Forest Mixed Agriculture Dry Land Total**
142,317 20,599 5,658 15,159 185,723
1990 %
76.6 11.1 3.0 8.2 100
2000 ha
141,917 19,668 5,013 17,136
183,734
2005 %
77.2 10.7 2.7 9.3
ha
141,37 1 19,231 4,547 18,723
%
76.9 10.5 2.5 10.2 100
100 183,872
* Sources: Landsat TM analysis 1990, 2000 and 2005 in Livelihood Study of the Upper Stream of Kapuas Watershed (2007) ** The total area is based on Landsat Data.
SOCIAL-ECONOMICAL-CULTURAL CONDITION
Total Populations
NO 1 Village / Hamlet Datah Diaan village, the hamlets of: a. Nanga Hovat b. Uma' Suling c. Pagung SUB TOTAL 2 Padua Mendalam village, the hamlets of: a. Teluk Telaga b. Tanjung Karang c. Lung Miting SUB TOTAL 3 Tanjung Jati village, the hamlets of: a. Semangkok b. Nanga Sambus c. Tanjung Jati SUB TOTAL TOTAL Populations 144 280 376 800 706 222 311 1,212 342 714 1,702 2,758 4,770 Total Families 35 64 106 205 152 57 74 287 73 175 143 391 883
Land Cover Type of Sub DAS Mendalam (Landsat ETM 1990-left, and 2000-right)
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2.
Pekarangan (Home Durian, rambutan, pamelo, coconut, Cultivated Gardens) pumpkins, pepper, juna (Dayak onion), intensively. taro, vegetable zinger (Alpinia sp.), poultry. Kebun Tanaman/ Plantations Ladang (Dry Lands) Hutan (Forest) Rubber, coffee, cocoa Rice, corn, vegetable zinger (Alpinia sp.), cucumber, pepper, cassava Mangosten, cekalang, pandanus, star fruit (belimbing darah), rambutan, bamboo, rottan, tengkawang (Shorea stenoptera), trees for honey bee (lebah madu) Semi-intensive Semi-intensive Cultivated extensively
3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8.
Houses
Hilir
Ladang
TELUK LUNG TELAGA: SEMANGKOK: MITING: - KAYAN - KAYAN - TAMAN - TYPE A + B - TYPE A - TYPE D TG. KARANG: - KAYAN NANGA SMABUS: - TYPE B + C - MALAY - TYPE B + C
Hutan
TYPE A
Kebun
Pekarangan Houses
Houses
Tembawang, Abandon Land, Kebun
22
Tembawang, Abandon Land, Kebun
Ladang
Ladang
Hutan
Hutan
TYPE B
TYPE C
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Kebun
LANDSCAPE PLANNING
landscape planners must look beyond the 'closely drawn technical limits' and 'narrowly drawn territorial boundaries' which constrain design projects. Landscape planners tend to work on projects which: * are of broad geographical scope * concern many land uses or many clients * are implemented over a long period of time In rural areas, the damage caused by unplanned mineral extraction was one of the early reasons for a public demand for landscape planning.
Hutan
TYPE D
LAND COVER
Land cover Class Forest Agroforestry Crop land Bush Grassland Rice field Settlement
Proportion of area 2001 91.9 2.6 0.07 0.4 0.02 0.2 0.1 2004 90.5 2.9 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.3 0.2
PROBLEM MAP
Sedimentation (mg/l)
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0