1

FLEXIBLE TECHNOLOGY

BY

M.NAGARCHITA
nagarchitamamani@gmail.com

P.SAHITHYA
Sahithya1991@gmail.com

III B.TECH MOULA ALI COLLEGE OF ENGG.& TECH.

Department of electronics & communications

ABSTRACT:
Nanotechnology is the process by which objects smaller than 100 NANOMETERS are built one atom or molecule at a time. Its ultimate goal is to create a UNIVERSAL ASSEMBLER that takes in raw atoms in one side and delivers finished products out the other. Nanotechnology was mostly a dream until the invention of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope and the Atomic Force Microscope. Now it was possible not just to see individual atoms, but to move them as well. Some technologies are already in use, from clothing, to Cosmetics, to medicine. Of direct impact to the field of computer science is the expected surge in storage capacity. In business a product could have a shorter life if it can't win the hearts of people and showcase new technology, so take the case of Nokia, who is coming up with the Nokia Morph flexible mobile phone which the company claims include nanotechnology and would immensely benefit its end-users. The main benefit of Nanotechnology is that its components are flexible, transparent and extremely strong. The company believes this latest technology would be a distinctive phone by 2015, but a few technical glitches remained to be solved, like the use of new battery materials etc. Nokia morph is a joint technology concept, developed by nokia research center (NRC) and the University Of Cambridge (UK). The morph demonstrate how future mobile device might be stretchable and flexible, allowing the user to transform their mobile devices into radically different shaped. It demonstrates ultimately that nanotechnology might be capable of delivering: flexible material, transparent electronics and self- cleaning surface.

Index:

Introduction

Specs & features

Usp

Principle

Features

Applications Miniaturization challenges Future potential

INTRODUCTION:
Morph is a concept that demonstrates how future mobile devices

4 might be stretchable and flexible, allowing the user to transform their mobile device into radically different shapes. It demonstrates the ultimate functionality that nanotechnology might be capable of delivering: flexible materials, transparent electronics and self-cleaning surfaces. The device, which is made using nanotechnology, is intended to demonstrate how cell phones in the future could be stretched and bent into different shapes, allowing users to morph their devices into whatever shape they want. Want to wear your cell phone as a bracelet? No problem, just bend it around your wrist. Even though Morph is still in early development, Nokia believes that certain elements of the device could be used in high-end Nokia devices within the next seven years. And as the technology matures, nanotechnology could eventually be incorporated into Nokias entire line of products to help lower manufacturing costs. This concept showcases some revolutionary leaps in technology that will open up an entirely new spectrum of possibilities. Nokia introduced earlier with its eco sensor concept that involves a wearable mobile phone and a sensing device that analyzes a person's health and surrounding environment.Nanotechnology holds out the possibility that the surface of a device will become a natural source of energy via a covering of Nanograss structures that harvest solar power. At the same time new high energy density storage materials allow batteries to become smaller and thinner, while also quicker to recharge and able to endure more charging cycles Nanotechnology holds out the possibility that the surface of a device will become a natural source of energy via a covering of Nanograss structures that harvest solar power. At the same time new high energy density storage materials allow batteries to become smaller and thinner, while also quicker to recharge and able to endure more charging cycles

Nanotechnology:
A basic definition: Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale. This covers both current work and concepts that are more advanced. In its original sense, 'nanotechnology' refers to the projected ability to construct items from the bottom up, using techniques and tools being developed today to make complete, high performance products. Nanotechnology may one day lead to low cost manufacturing solutions, and offers the possibility of integrating complex functionality at a low price. Nanotechnology also can be leveraged to create self-cleaning surfaces on mobile devices, ultimately reducing corrosion, wear and improving longevity. Nanostructured surfaces, such as Nanoflowers naturally repel water, dirt, and even fingerprints utilizing effects also seen in natural systems. assembled within a single nanoflower. Each petal, 100300 nm wide and only several nanometers thick, exhibited a hexagonal structure. The number of petal layers gradually decreased towards the edges, resulting in uniquely thin edges, typically less than 3 nm. The MoS2 nanoflowers appeared to be excellent field emitters displaying a current density of 0.01 and 10? mA/cm2 at macroscopic fields of 4.55.5 and 7.6 8.6 V/m, respectively; the electron field

5 emission was consistent FowlerNordheim theory. with the Energy harvesting from RF using wideband antennas and using NEMS structures Microwatt level energy harvesting from waste energy in the air Charging battery from ultra low power energy Sources and power management for that

Solar cell capacitor architecture A Nano Flower

Four major topics:

Enhanced energy density batteries Nanostructured electrodes for very low equivalent series R energy sources New electrolyte solutions (ionic liquids) for safe and high power batteries. Deformable and Bendable structures. Super capacitors Nanoenhanced dielectrics for separator and high Power capacitors Ultra thin flexible structures, for ultimately Distributed energy storage, and integration with battery structures Solar cell research Nanowire solar cells using nanowire networks Silicon solar cell production for emerging markets as primary power source

Harvesting RF energy with nano electroMechanical methods The newly developing Morph Concept offers opportunities for insane growth in the mobile phones sector while especially in terms of features that can be offered. To name a few among the likely possibilities:

(Imagine the oppurtunies? Maybe the color of the phone will change along with the time of the day or night, maybe the phone itself will bend around with your wrist like a nifty new watch while you are driving, maybe my themes will change with them one day hey! Imagine a QWERTY keyboard on the smallest of the Nokia device and imagine high end

6 Touch UI keypads which only come out when you want it to come out.) All devices will be more self cleaning, self preserving, (I personally think that it will be self sustainable, maybe it will detect itself that it is inside your pocket and will automatically active scratch proof mode since nanostructuredsurfacesnanoflowersnatur ally repel water, dirt, and even your own fingerprints automatically.) The whole electronic circuits inside the phone itself will be entirely transparent, thus making the phone even more dynamic in terms of futuristic designs. The batteries will become much smaller with solar energy being the vital source of our so called talk time. Or maybe batteries will serve as a backup to the Nanograss (a technology of nano structures that harvest solar power independently) covered, solar energy powered, Nokia phones, thus out running the currently used traditional Lithium Ion batteries completely, who knows! There might be built in environment sensors that will come with the phone, thus aesthetics of nanotechnology will be used to its fullest. Built-in solar absorption might charge a device, whilst batteries become smaller, longer lasting and faster to charge Integrated sensors might allow us to learn more about the environment around us, empowering us to make better choices

NOKIA MORPH:
Nokia Morph is a joint nanotechnology concept, developed by Nokia Research Center (NRC) and the University of Cambridge (UK). The Morph demonstrates how future mobile devices might be stretchable and flexible, allowing the user to transform their mobile devices into radically different shapes. It demonstrates the ultimate functionality that nanotechnology might be capable of delivering: flexible materials, transparent electronics and by Sweet dreams self-.

SPECS & FEATURES:

Morph concept technologies might create fantastic opportunities for mobile devices: Newly-enabled flexible and transparent materials blend more seamlessly with the way we live Devices become self-cleaning and selfpreserving. Transparent electronics offering an entirely new aesthetic dimension Phone mode snap

USP:
This device concept showcases some revolutionary leaps in technology that will open up an entirely new spectrum of possibilities. We believe nanotechnology could provide enhanced usability, and enable far more intelligent

7 devices. Consumers will want this because it adapts to the context of the user, is easy to use and transformable (such as wrapping it around the wrist). It will give us a new kind of connectivity to our Surroundings, allowing us to connect in ways never thought of before through our mobile devices and so will give us new types of services like never before Some of its highlights will be: sensing device that analyzes a person's health and surrounding environment.

FEASIBLE TECHNOLOGY:
In addition to the above mentioned advantages, the integrated electronics shown in the Morph concept could cost less and include more functionality in a much smaller space, even as interfaces are simplified and usability is enhanced. All of these new capabilities will unleash new applications and services that will allow us to communicate and interact in unprecedented ways. Nanograss

Design:
Fibril proteins are woven into a three dimensional mesh that reinforces thin elastic structures. Using the same principle behind spider silk, this elasticity enables the device to literally change shapes and configure itself to adapt to the task at hand.A folded design would fit easily in a pocket and could lend itself ergonomically to being used as a traditional handset. An unfolded larger design could display more detailed information, and incorporate input devices such as keyboards and touch pads.Even integrated electronics, from interconnects to sensors, could share these flexible properties. Further, utilization of biodegradable materials might make production and recycling of devices easier and ecologically friendly.

Principle:
The concept uses a similar principle as spider silk, enabling elasticity in mobile devices so they could be transformed into different shapes to adjust to a specific task. It could involve a folded design to be used in a traditional mobile phone, or a larger unfolded design for displaying more information and involving keyboards and touch pads. Morph could lead to mobile devices that use transparent materials, repel dirt and fingerprints, use solar energy to charge, and use integrated sensors to provide more information about the environment - an idea that Nokia introduced earlier with its eco sensor concept that involves a wearable mobile phone and a

Mimicking Spider Silk :

Nokia's technology uses Fibril proteins woven into a three-dimensional mesh that reinforces thin elastic structures. The resulting elasticity is much like that of spider silk, and it will enable the devices to change shapes and configure themselves to adapt to the task at hand.

8 Users could fold or unfold the device to suit their immediate purpose, whether it's to talk on the phone or use input devices such as keyboards or touch pads. Even the electronics integrated into the device, from interconnects to sensors, would be flexible, Nokia said. The Morph would also be built from biodegradable materials, making production and recycling easier. Built-in solar absorption could charge the devices, while batteries could get smaller, longer-lasting and faster to charge, Nokia said. Integrated sensors, meanwhile, could let users learn more about the environment around them. Devices like the Morph could also cost less while including more functionality in a smaller space, the company said, while interfaces are simplified and usability is enhanced. The result, it added, will be the ability to communicate and interact in unprecedented ways. quality of our surroundings, or as simple as knowing if the fruit we are about to enjoy should be washed before we eat it. Our ability to tune into our environment in these ways can help us make key decisions that guide our daily actions and ultimately can enhance our health.

Flexible & Changing Design:

Features: Power Source & Environment:

Nanotechnology holds out the possibility that the surface of a device will become a natural source of energy via a covering of Nanograss structures that harvest solar power. At the same time new high energy density storage materials allow batteries to become smaller and thinner, while also quicker to recharge and able to endure more charging cycles. Nanosensors would empower users to examine the environment around them in completely new ways, from analyzing air pollution, to gaining insight into bio-chemical traces and processes. New capabilities might be as complex as helping us monitor evolving conditions in the

Nanotechnology enables materials and components that are flexible, stretchable, transparent and remarkably strong. Fibril Proteins are woven into a three dimensional mesh that reinforces thin elastic structures. Using the same principle behind spider silk, this elasticity enables the device to Literally change shapes and configure itself to adapt to the task at hand.A folded design would fit easily in a pocket and could lend itself ergonomically to being used as a traditional handset.. An unfolded larger design could display more detailed information, and incorporate input devices such as keyboards and touch pads.

Self-Cleaning:
Nanotechnology also can be leveraged to create self-cleaning surfaces on mobile devices, ultimately reducing corrosion, wear and improving longevity. Nanostructured surfaces, such as Nanoflowers naturally repel water, dirt, and even fingerprints utilizing effects also seen in natural systems.

9 .

Miniaturization Challenges : Sensing the Environment:

"This idea of morphing is not new for mobile devices," Hazelton explained. "This is different device vendors trying to meet the demands of users and push capabilities into the users and push capabilities into the phone but still keep it pocket-sized." Nokia's Morph continues the morphing trend, as software transformations give way to hardware ones, he said.Of course, several barriers will need to be overcome, Hazelton added, such as the miniaturization of internal components including the processor, memory, storage and particularly the battery. All parts will either need to be flexible or be small enough to fit into a tiny corner of the device that doesn't need to bend, he pointed out.

Nanosensors would empower users to examine the environment around them in completely new ways, from analyzing air pollution, to gaining insight into biochemical traces and processes. New capabilities might be as complex as helping us monitor evolving conditions in the quality of our surroundings, or as simple as knowing if the fruit we are about to enjoy should be washed before we eat it. Our ability to tune into our environment in these ways can help us make key decisions that guide our daily actions and ultimately can enhance our health.

Applications:
Nanotechnology enables the use of materials that are both flexible and strong. Fibril proteins are woven into a three dimensional mesh that reinforces thin elastic structures, making these devices highly adaptable.Another advantage of nanotechnology is the selfcleaning attribute of such devices, which reduces corrosion, wear, and improves longevity. Also, by using a cover of Nanograss structures that harvest solar power, the device's surface becomes a natural source of energy. Batteries improve and become smaller, longer lasting, and faster to charge thanks to new high energy density storage materials."Even integrated electronics, from interconnects to sensors, and could share these flexible properties. Further, utilization of biodegradable materials might make production and recycling of devices easier and ecologically friendly,"

Figure: B A,B shows the sensing surface

10 states Nokia.Nanosensors would raise the awareness of mobile devices' users to the environment in a new way. When air pollution or bio-chemical traces and processes are right before our eyes, we will not be able to ignore them. It will also enhance our natural abilities and ease our daily decisions even on small matters such as whether or not to wash a certain fruit before eating it. The whole electronic circuits inside the phone itself will be entirely transparent, thus making the phone even more dynamic in terms of futuristic designs. The batteries will become much smaller with solar energy being the vital source of our so called talk time. Or maybe batteries will serve as a backup to the Nanograss (a technology of nano structures that harvest solar power independently) covered, solar energy powered, Nokia phones, thus out running the currently used traditional Lithium Ion batteries completely, who knows! There might be built in environment sensors that will come with the phone, thus aesthetics of nanotechnology will be used to its fullest "We just don't know where a lot of this is headed, because nanotech is pretty out there and exciting," Strother said. "It may take a generation or two, but this certainly has some interesting applications." And if those are not enough for you to be in total awe, it is being foreseen that after the implementation of the Nokia Morph concept, the cost of the phone itself will come down significantly while offering dynamic space for further 3rd party application and feature development. The actual size of the Nokia will get much smaller, keeping the navigation simple and subtle while focusing on the external interactions we do through our cell phones which will only leap forward endlessly, seamlessly.

CONCLUSION:
According to the developers, using nanotechnology can lead to low cost manufacturing solutions as well as adjustable, empowering devices, bringing us new, versatile possibilities. These mobile devices will be flexible, stretchable and shape changing, so that they can be easily integrated in our everyday routines without special adjustments on our part. Nanosensors would raise the awareness of mobile devices' users to the environment in a new way. When air pollution or bio-chemical traces and processes are right before our eyes, we will not be able to ignore them. It will also enhance our natural abilities and ease our daily decisions even on small matters such as whether or not to wash a certain fruit before eating it.

Future Potential :
The technology is certainly leading edge "if not bleeding edge and the fun part is to speculate what it could mean," Neil Strother, a wireless analyst with Jupiter Research told TechNewsWorld. Technology embedded in clothing or other items that aren't traditionally considered devices could be among the applications that might follow, Strother pointed out. The Morph's flexibility could also unlock some of the potential for phones to be fashion items, he added.

REFERENCES:

11 www.nanoscience.cam.ac.uk Foresight Nanotech Institute: www.foresight.org Institute for Nanoelectronics and Computing (INaC) www.inac.purdue.edu National Nanotechnology Initiative: www.nano.gov Nature Nanotechnology: www.nature.com/nnano/index.ht ml PhysOrg.comNanotechnology: www.nanotech.physorg.com Nokia Research Center NanoSciences: research.nokia.com/projects/nano science