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y A MA RA L B
M0 x
RB
applied load
EIv
B.C. B.C.
2 3
MA x L 6 v(0) v(L)
v(0)
3
0 Lx 2 0 0
2
C1 M0 x 6L C2 MA
0
3
C2
(5)
0 M0 2
REACTIONS (SEE EQS. 1 AND 2) BENDING MOMENT (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) M RAx MA MA (x L L) M0 x L MA (3) M0 2 RA 3M0 2L RB 3M0 2L
MA x2 L 2
L x
(Continued)
633
634
CHAPTER 10
SLOPE (FROM EQ. 4) M0 x v (2L 3x) 4 LEI DEFLECTION (FROM EQ. 5) M0 x2 v (L x) 4 LEI
L 3 Mo 2 y q x MB RA L RB
Problem 10.3-2 A fixed-end beam AB of length L supports a uniform load of intensity q (see figure). Beginning with the second-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the bending-moment equation), obtain the reactions, shear forces, bending moments, slopes, and deflections of the beam. Construct the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams, labeling all critical ordinates. Solution 10.3-2 Fixed-end beam (uniform load) REACTIONS RA RB qL 2
MA
MA
MB
qL2 12
SHEAR FORCE (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) V x2 ) (1) BENDING MOMENT (FROM EQ. 1) M x2 ) SLOPE (FROM EQ. 2) C1 (2) v qx (L2 12 EI 3Lx 2x2 ) q 2 (L 12 6 Lx 6x2 ) RA qx q (L 2 2x)
M MAx
MA
q L x2 2 2
q (L x 2
EIv
B.C. B.C.
0 0
q L x3 2 6 C2
C1
x3 3 0
MA
0 qL2 12
x4 12
C2
(3)
x) 2 qL4 384 EI
L 2
SECTION 10.3
635
Problem 10.3-3 A cantilever beam AB of length L has a fixed support at A and a roller support at B (see figure). The support at B is moved downward through a distance B. Using the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation), determine the reactions of the beam and the equation of the deflection curve. (Note: Express all results in terms of the imposed displacement B.)
y x A MA RA L B RB
B
Solution 10.3-3
RA
V(0)
3 EI L3
MA
RBL
3 EI L2
C4
0 (8) (9)
(3L
x)
6EI
L2
C2
3 EI L2
636
CHAPTER 10
Problem 10.3-4 A cantilever beam AB of length L has a fixed support at A and a spring support at B (see figure). The spring behaves in a linearly elastic manner with stiffness k. If a uniform load of intensity q acts on the beam, what is the downward displacement B of end B of the beam? (Use the second-order differential equation of the deflection curve, that is, the bending-moment equation.)
y q x
MA RA
A k
RB L
Solution 10.3-4 q
Beam with spring support EIv (1) (2) (3) EIv RA RA x2 2 MAx qx3 6 C1 C2
EQUILIBRIUM RA MA SPRING RB
B
RB RB L
RA L3 6 q L4 8
MAL2 2
qL4 24
RB L3 3
3 qL4 24 EI 8 kL3
y q0
Problem 10.3-5 A propped cantilever beam AB of length L supports a triangularly distributed load of maximum intensity q0 (see figure). Beginning with the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation), obtain the reactions of the beam and the equation of the deflection curve.
MA
A RA L
x B
RB
Propped cantilever beam q0(L x) L EIv EIv x) C1 (1) (2) EIv M q0 x3 6 q0 x4 24 q0 x2 2 q0 x4 24 L q0 x5 120 L q0 x3 6L C1 x2 2 x3 6 C1x C2 C3 x2 2 C3 x (3) (4) C4 (5)
C2 x C2
C1
q0 x2 2L
SECTION 10.3
637
B.C. B.C.
1 v(L)
0 0 0 0
C1L C3 C4 C1L
C2 0 0 3C2
q0 L2 3
(6)
REACTIONS
RA RB
V(0)
2 q0 L 5 q0 L V(L) 10 q0 L2 15
v(L)
q0 L2 5
(7)
From equilibrium: MA q0 L2 6 RB L
8 L2x
2 q0 L x3 5 6
5 L x2
q0 L2 x2 15 2 x3 )
Problem 10.3-6 The load on a propped cantilever beam AB of length L is parabolically distributed according to the equation q q0(1 x2/L2), as shown in the figure. Beginning with the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation), obtain the reactions of the beam and the equation of the deflection curve.
q = q0 1
x2 L2
)
x
MA
A RA L
RB
Propped cantilever beam q0(1 x2 L2) Solve Eqs. (6) and (7): C1 61q0L 120 C2 11q0 L2 120
q V M q0
q0 (1 q0 (x q0 x 2
2
x2 L2 ) x3 3L2 )
4
(1) C1 C1x x 2
2
x4 q0 24
x 6
x 60 L2
5
0 0 0 0
x 12 L2
C1
C2 x
(6)
DEFLECTION CURVE (FROM EQ. 5) (7) v q0 x2 (33 L4 720 L2EI q0 x2 (L x) (33 L3 720 L2EI 61L3x 28 L2x 30 L2x2 2 Lx2 2x4 ) 2x3 )
2 3L (q )(L) 3 0 8
RB L
11 q0 L2 120
638
CHAPTER 10
Problem 10.3-7 The load on a fixed-end beam AB of length L is distributed in the form of a sine curve (see figure). The intensity of the distributed load is given by the equation q q0 sin x/L. Beginning with the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation), obtain the reactions of the beam and the equation of the deflection curve.
x q = q0 sin L x MB RB
MA RA
A L
Fixed-end beam (sine load) SHEAR FORCE (EQ. 2) RB MA MB V q0 L cos x L RA RB (1) (2) M (3) MA (4) DEFLECTION CURVE (FROM EQ. 5) EIv or v q0 L4
4
V(0) RA
q0 L q0 L
q0 sin x L x cos L C1
q0 L2
M(0)
sin
x L 2 q0 L2
3
MB
MA
2 q0 L2
3
x3 x2 C2 C3 x C4 (5) 4 6 2 L B.C. 1 From symmetry, V C1 0 0 2 B.C. 2 v(0) 0 C3 q0 L3 3 B.C. 3 v(L) 0 C2 2 q0 L2 3 B.C. 4 v(0) C4 0 0
sin
x L
q0 L2x2
3
q0 L3x
3
q0 L2 2 x L sin 4 L EI
y q0
x2
Lx
Problem 10.3-8 A fixed-end beam AB of length L supports a triangularly distributed load of maximum intensity q0 (see figure). Beginning with the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation), obtain the reactions of the beam and the equation of the deflection curve.
MA
A L
x B RB MB
RA
q0 x
x 2L
2
x L
q0
x3 6
q0
x2 2
x4 24
x4 24 L
x5 120 L
x3 6L
C1x x2 2 x3 6
C2 C2 x C2 x2 2 C3 C3 x
C1
C1
SECTION 10.3
639
1 2 3 4
0 0 0 0
C3 C1L C4 C1L
REACTIONS
DEFLECTION CURVE (EQ. 5) v q0 x2 (3L3 120 LEI q0 x2 (L 120 LEI 7L2x 5 Lx2 x3 )
or v x) 2 (3L x)
REACTIONS
Problem 10.3-9 A counterclockwise moment M0 acts at the midpoint of a fixed-end beam ACB of length L (see figure). Beginning with the second-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the bending-moment equation), determine all reactions of the beam and obtain the equation of the deflection curve for the left-hand half of the beam. Then construct the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams for the entire beam, labeling all critical ordinates. Also, draw the deflection curve for the entire beam. Solution 10.3-9 Fixed-end beam (M0 = applied load)
y M0 MA RA A L 2 C L 2 B RB x MB
Beam is symmetric; load is antisymmetric. Therefore, RA RB MA x MB L 2) (1) (2) C2 0 0 RAL Also, MB 6 (3)
C
EQUILIBRIUM (OF ENTIRE BEAM) 0 a MB RAL or, 6 0 M0 MA RAL 6 RA MA RAL 6 MA M0 RAL RB MB MB 0 3M0 2L M0 4 RAL 0
M RA
RAx
MA C1 C1x C1 C2 MA
x2 MAx 2 x3 x2 RA MA 6 2 0 0 0
L 2
(Continued)
640
CHAPTER 10
DIAGRAMS
3M0 2L O L 6 L 3 M0 2 L 6 M0 4
max
L 6
M0 4
max
M0 2 y P A RA L 2 L 2 C B x
Problem 10.3-10 A propped cantilever beam AB supports a concentrated load P acting at the midpoint C (see figure). Beginning with the second-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the bending-moment equation), determine all reactions of the beam and draw the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams for the entire beam. Also, obtain the equations of the deflection curves for both halves of the beam, and draw the deflection curve for the entire beam.
MA
RB
Solution 10.3-10 P
applied load at x
x PL 2
PL 2 x
RB (L
x)
L 2
RB L L 2
PL RB L x C1 2 PL x2 RB L C1x 2 2 C1 0 C2 0 x L)
RB L
L 2)
x)
RB
x C3 2 x3 RB C3x 6
SECTION 10.3
641
B.C. B.C.
3 4
v(L)
C3 L
C4
RB L3 3
(9)
x x
Continuity condition at point C L : 2 (v) Left PL 2 (v) Right L RB L 2 C3 (10) PL3 8 (11)
At x (P
L2 RB ) 8 RB L
L (FROM EQ. 8)
or C3
PL2 8
L 2
RB
L2 8
P ( 2L3 12L2x 15Lx2 5x3 ) 96EI P (L x)( 2L2 10Lx 5x2 ) 96EI (L/2 x L)
RB L3 3
SLOPE IN RIGHT-HAND PART OF THE BEAM From eq. (7): v Point of zero slope: 5x2 1 10Lx1 4L2 0 x1 P (4L2 32EI 10Lx 5x2 )
At x (P
or RB
RB L
PL2 L 8 2 11P 16
RB L3 3
PL3 8
L 5 5 5 0.5528L PL3 EI
MAXIMUM DEFLECTION
max
(v) x
x1
0.009317
RB
DEFLECTION CURVE
A 3L 11 x1 C B
RBL
3PL 16
max
5P 16 5PL 32
M O
3L 11
3PL 16
642
CHAPTER 10
Method of Superposition
The problems for Section 10.4 are to be solved by the method of superposition. All beams have constant flexural rigidity EI unless otherwise stated. When drawing shear-force and bending-moment diagrams, be sure to label all critical ordinates, including maximum and minimum values. Problem 10.4-1 A propped cantilever beam AB of length L carries a concentrated load P acting at the position shown in the figure. Determine the reactions RA, RB, and MA for this beam. Also, draw the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams, labeling all critical ordinates.
P A RA B
MA
a L
RB
Solution 10.4-1
( B)2 a) a)
0 RBL3 3EI 0
RB
Pb (3L2 2L3
b2 )
MA
Pab (L 2L2
b)
M1 M O MA M1 RBb