What Is Calculus Used For

What Is Calculus Used For Calculus (Latin, calculus, a small stone used for counting) is a branch of mathematics focused on limits, functions, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series. This subject constitutes a major part of modern mathematics education. It has two major branches, differential calculus and integral calculus, which are related by the fundamental theorem of calculus. Calculus is the study of change,in the same way that geometry is the study of shape and algebra is the study of operations and their application to solving equations. A course in calculus is a gateway to other, more advanced courses in mathematics devoted to the study of functions and limits, broadly called mathematical analysis. Calculus has widespread applications in science, economics, and engineering and can solve many problems for which algebra alone is insufficient.

Calculus has historically been called "the calculus of infinitesimals", or "infinitesimal calculus".
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More generally, calculus (plural calculi) refers to any method or system of calculation guided by the symbolic manipulation of expressions. Some examples of other wellknown calculi are propositional calculus, variational calculus, lambda calculus, pi calculus, and join calculus. Calculus is Latin for stone, and the ancient Romans used stones for counting and arithmetic. In its most basic sense, calculus is just that - a form of counting. After advanced algebra and geometry, it is the next step in higher mathematics, and is used for solving complex problems that regular mathematics cannot complete. Calculus was developed by two different men in the seventeenth century. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), a self-taught German mathematician, and Isaac Newton (1642-1727), an English scientist, both developed calculus in the 1680s. While Leibniz invented it ten years later than Newton, he published his findings twenty years earlier, and that overlap led to decades of controversy about which man reached his conclusions first. Today it is generally agreed that both men developed calculus independently. Calculus is the mathematics of change, of calculating problems that are continually evolving. This is possible by breaking such problems into infinitesimal steps, solving each of those steps, and adding all the results. Rather than doing each step individually, calculus allows these computations to be done simultaneously. There are two primary branches of calculus: differential calculus and integral calculus. Differential calculus, or differentiation, is used primarily to determine the slope or steepness of a curve, also called a curve's derivative.
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Slope is a rate of change in a curve - a very steep curve is changing very fast - and calculus is used when a curve is very complicated, such as calculating the slope of a mountain or the speed of a roller coaster. Differential calculus involves any problem that may be graphed when the desired result is a single point on that graph. For example, if a rancher wants to construct a corral with a limited amount of fence, he can vary the lengths of the sides of the corral. Using calculus, he could determine which lengths would enclose the greatest area and make the largest corral. A graph could be drawn using every possible combination of lengths, and the highest point on that graph - the maximum - would signify the greatest area. Integral calculus, or integration, deals with areas and volumes of complex figures, such as determining the greatest amount of space or volume beneath a dome in a stadium design in order to incorporate as many seats as possible. To find the area beneath a curve, integration breaks the area beneath the curve into minute pieces, determines the area of each piece, and adds them all together, or integrates them, into a final answer.

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