Types of Chemical reactions A chemical reactions is reaction between two or more substances (reactants) to form different substance(s) (products).

A chemical equation is used to represents a chemical reaction. It shows the relationsip between the reactants and product. There are five types of reactions 1. Combination reactions 2. Decomposition reactions 3. Substitution/displacement reactions 4. Double decomposition reactions 5. Neutralization reactions

Combination reactions occur when two substances unite to form a third substance. The general equation for this type of reaction is A+B AB

there are several type of combination reactions metal + oxygen = metal oxide non-metal + oxygen = non-metal oxide meat + non-metal = salt water + metal oxide = metal hydroxide water + non-metal oxide = acid meta oxide + non-metal oxide = salt For example, combining magnesium (Mg) and oxygen (O2) results in the production of magnesium oxide (MgO): 2Mg + O2 ? 2MgO. This reaction can be accomplished by burning magnesium in air, which supplies the oxygen.

B.Decomposition Reactions Decomposition reactions occur when a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. The general equation fpor this type of reaction is AB A+B

Some types of decomposition reactions are Action of heat on some compounds, carbonates Loss of water of crystallisation by hydrated salts Decomposition of hydrogen carbonates.

In the decomposition of mercuric oxide (HgO), the elements mercury (Hg) and oxygen (O2) are produced: 2HgO ? 2Hg + O2.

C.Displacement Reactions When one element replaces another in a compound, it is known as a displacement reaction. For example, iron (Fe) may displace copper (Cu) in a solution of cupric sulphate (CuSO4): Fe + CuSO4 ? FeSO4 + Cu.

D.Double Decomposition Reactions When two compounds interact to form two other compounds, it is known as a double decomposition reaction. For example, sodium iodide (NaI) and lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) react to form lead iodide (PbI2) and sodium nitrate (2NaNO3): 2NaI + Pb(NO3)2 ? PbI2 + 2NaNO3. E.Hydrolysis Hydrolysis is a double decomposition reaction in which water reacts with a second substance. When ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is combined with water (H2O), it undergoes hydrolysis, yielding ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl): NH4Cl + H2O ? NH4OH + HCl.

F.Neutralization Reactions Neutralization is the interaction of an acid with the equivalent quantity of a base (see Acids and Bases). If the process is carried out in an aqueous solution (dissolved in water), the products are water and a salt. For example, hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) neutralize each other when dissolved in water, forming sodium chloride (NaCl), a salt, and water (H2O): HCl + NaOH ? NaCl + H2O.

Gm.Substitution Reactions A substitution reaction is one in which an element or group in a compound is replaced by another element or group. The general equation for this type of reaction is A + BX AX + B

There are two types of substitutions 1. Metal ion displacement- where a metal replaces ions of another metal from its salt or replaces the hydrogen ion in an acid. For a metal to displace another it must be more reactive than the metal in the salt. 2. A non-metal displacing another non-metal. Substitution reactions occur when an element, such as chlorine (Cl), replaces one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon, such as methane (CH4): CH4 + Cl2 ? CH3Cl + HCl. Microsoft Encarta 2006. 1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.