Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Solid model
Solid modeling is based on complete, valid and unambiguous geometric representation of physical object.
Complete points in space can be classified.(inside/ outside) Valid vertices, edges, faces are connected properly. Unambiguous there can only be one interpretation of object
Solid model
Analysis automation and integration is possible only with solid models has properties such as weight, moment of inertia, mass. Solid model consist of geometric and topological data
Geometry shape, size, location of geometric elements Topology connectivity and associativity of geometric elements non graphical, relational information
Primitive Instancing
In a hierachical model, there are parts that are exactly the same. For example, all four wheels of a car can be the same model. Instead of saving four copies of the model, we save just one primitive model and three instances If we modify the primitive, we know that the primitive and the instances are identically changed.
Sweep Representations
a 2D area swept along a linear path normal to the plane of the area to create a volume 2D/3D along a trajectory through space defines a new object -- sweep
AB
This procedural data is stored in a data structure referred to as a CSG tree The data structure is simple and stores compact data easy to manage
+ -
Data Structure for CSG Solids: CSG Trees How to divide a given solids into primitives?
OP7 OP3 OP3 P4 P5 P3 OP1 P2 P1 P3 n = Total nodes OP7
OP7
OP1
nL + nR = 2n 2 Perfect Tree: nL = nR = n 1
P1
P2
20
solution
CSG representation tends to accompany the corresponding boundary representation hybrid representation Maintaining consistency between the two representations is very important.
25
B- Rep model
Technique guarantees that surfaces definitively divide model space into solid and void, even after model modification commands.
v5
f3
v1
E4
E1 v4
f4 f5 E8
E5
f1
solid
v2
geometry
EULER OPERATIONS
Euler in 1752 proved that polyhedra that are homomorphic to a sphere, that is their faces are non self-intersecting and belong to closed orientable surfacse, are topologically valid if they satisfy the following Euler-Poincare Law equation: F E + V L= 2(B G) F= Number of faces E= Number of edges V= Number of vertices L = Inner loops on faces B= bodies G = genus (handles)
4/20/2012 31
4/20/2012
33
4/20/2012
34
4/20/2012
35
4/20/2012
36
4/20/2012
37
4/20/2012
38
POLYHEDRAL OBJECTS
Four different classes:
1. Simple polyhedra 2. Polyhedra having loops 3. Polyhedra having boundary (blind) holes and interior holes 4. Polyhedra having through holes or handles
4/20/2012
39
Examples:
4/20/2012
40
V = 5, f2
E3 E7 E2 E6 v3
E = 8, F = 5
f3
E4
E1 v4
58+5=2
E8 v1 E5
f4 f5
f1
v2
Boundary representationadvantages
Capability to construct unusual shapes that would not be possible with the available CSG aircraft fuselages, swing shapes Less computational time to reconstruct the image
Boundary representationdisadvantages
Requires more storage More prone to validity failure than CSG Model display limited to planar faces and linear edges - complex curve and surfaces only approximated
Tweaking
Face of an object is moved in some way