INTODUCTION In this section, we are going to see how the conversion of Direct to Indirect Speech and Indirect to Direct

Speech is done? We may report the words of a speaker in two ways. 1. Direct Speech We may quote the actual words of the speaker. This method is called Direct Speech. 2. Indirect Speech We may report what he said without quoting his exact words. This method is called Indirect Speech or Reported Speech.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Direct and indirect speech is used to tell or retell what someone says to others. In Direct Speech (Sentences Direct) we are repeating exactly what someone says or what we hear with no change in a single word. For example: My sister said: "I have lost my money". In Direct Speech, speech or words that are repeated are placed in quotation marks preceded by a colon after the Reporting Verb. Sentence directly (Direct Speech) are commonly used in conversations in books, plays, drama, or quotations. If the above Direct speech is converted into Indirect Speech would be: My sister said she had lost her That money. Based on the above examples it is clear that the Simple Past Tense in quotation marks turned into Past Perfect Tense in Indirect Speech. To change Direct Speech into Indirect Speech that is essential to note is the Reporting Verb Present Tense Simple in form, then in Indirect Speech will not experience change in tense. Which changed its course just pronouns. For example: He says: "The first train will arrive early today". He Says That the first train will arrive early today.

In a change Direct Speech into Indirect Speech tenses will be amended as follows: No Direct Speech Simple Present Tense Indirect Speech Simple Past Tense

Linda said: "I buy my dictionary at theThat Linda said she bought her dictionary at book shop" the book shop Present Continuous Tense Past Continuous She said: "I doing my EnglishShe said That she was doing her English homework" homework Present Perfect Past Perfect Tense John said: "I have finished doing myThat John said he had finished doing his reports" reports Present Perfect Continuous Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense He said: "We have been living here forThey said he had been living That there for three years" three years Future Tense Past Tense Future Laila said: "We will Singapore" Past Continuous leave forThat said Laila They would leave for Singapore. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

He said: "I was reading an EnglishThat he said he had been reading English novels" novels In addition to changes in tense in the examples above, a description of time is also changing as follows: No Direct Speech Indirect Speech Father said: "I'll be very busy today" Father said That he would be very busy that day He said: "I CAME to your houseThat he said he had come to my house the yesterday" day before He promised: "I will return your booksThat he promised he would return my tomorrow" books the next day They said: "We will go to your houseThey said That They would come to my next week" house the Following week She said: "I am going to America next She said That she was going to America the

2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8.

year" year Following He said to me: "I bought thisHe of toll me that he had bought the dictionary last week previous week That dictionary John said: "My father CAME backThat said his father John had come back from Japan last month" from Japan the previous month She said: "I sent my application letterThat she said she had sent her a letter two the day before yesterday" days before application

CONCLUSION Direct and Indirect Speech, which is also familiar with another term that is Reported Speech. Direct Speech is a sentence uttered by the speaker directly and if it is written that sentence will be quoted. While Indirect Speech is a phrase that we report to others indirectly and without any commas.

EXERCISE

Turn the following sentences into indirect speech. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. What do you want? she asked him. Are you coming with us? he asked me. He asked, When do you intend to make the payment? Do you come from China? said the prince to the girl. The poor man exclaimed, Will none of you help me? Which way should I go? asked the little girl. Alladin said to the magician, What have I done to deserve so severe a punishment? Dont you know the way home? I said to her. Do you write a good hand? the teacher said to the student. Have you anything to say on behalf of the accused? said the judge finally. Have you anything to tell me, little bird? asked Ulysses. Who are you, sir, and what do you want? they asked. The king was impressed with the magician and asked, What can I do for you? She asked, What is it that makes you stronger and braver than other men? Can you solve this problem? he asked me.