WiMAX/16e/16m vs LTE

Technology and Performances comparison

Zion Hadad, Peretz Shekalim
Runcom
10/30/2008

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Runcom Technologies Ltd.

Market success

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Runcom Technologies Ltd.

4G standardization

OFDMA in Standardization

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Standardization Leadership
Runcoms OFDMA Generic Technology

Europe Digital Interactive Wireless TV

USA Broadband wireless Access Mobile Cellular

DVB-T/RCT
Fixed/Mobile

802.16.a/e/d

4G
IEEE 16e Extension to mobile Approved Nov 2005
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ETSI Approved
( EN301958 )

April 2001
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F - IEEE802.16m LTE Rel 8 ,9

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Runcom Technologies Ltd.

IMT advanced General requirements (1)

ITU IMT advanced is the base line for the 4G requirement Higher spectral efficiencies and peak data rates up to 1Giga bps. Lower latencies (air-link access latency, [Inter-FA HO, Intra-FA HO, interRAN HO] latencies) to enable new delay-sensitive applications. Mobility Support: Cellular systems including IMT-Advanced are required to support the environments described in following:
Pedestrian (Pedestrian speeds up to 10 km/h) Typical Vehicular (Vehicular speeds up to 120 km/h) High Speed Vehicular (Vehicular speeds up to 500 km/h) Seamless application connectivity to other mobile networks and other IP networks (global roaming capabilities).

Support for larger cell sizes and improved cell-edge performance. Low-cost and low-complexity terminals for worldwide use. Improved Unicast and multicast broadcast services. Provision for PAN/LAN/WAN Co-location / Coexistence.
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Runcom Technologies Ltd.

IMT advanced detailed requirements (2)

Multiple access methods OFDMA, CDMA and also Single-carrier/Multi-carrier operation, .. FDD, H-FDD and TDD modes DL:UL ration configurable Different Ch-BW configurable for FDD mode (e.g. 10MHz downlink, 5MHz uplink ) scalable bandwidths from 5 to 20 MHz Support of Advanced Antenna Techniques: Minimum antenna configuration requirements shall be:
For the base station, a minimum of 2xTX and 2xRX antennas For the MS, a minimum of 1xTX and 2xRX antennas

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IMT advanced detailed requirements (3)

Link Adaptation and Power Control Maximum Latency (MAC to MAC): 10msec BS and MS BS State transition latency: IDLE_STATE to ACTIVE_STATE : 100msec Maximum Handover Interruption :
Intra-frequency: 50 msec, Inter-frequency: 150 msec

MS

Enhanced Location Based Services (LBS) Enhanced Multicast Broadcast Service (E-MBS)

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Runcom Technologies Ltd.

16e OFDMA Communication, Tools

The 16e OFDMA used the most advanced GOODIES of the Communication Theory. Multiple Antennas- AAS (beam forming or switching)), MIMO open loop and close loop DL(2x2), (4x2), (4x4) UL (2x2) Transmit diversity STC (2x1), (4x1) Rx diversity MRC (1xN) MIMO Macro diversity (different sites) UL and DL Error control ARQ (selective repeat) or HARQ Chase or IR FEC- Convolutional, Turbo codes: CTC, LDPC, BTC Smooth Handoff HHF, Fast cell switching, New Mixed of Macro diversity and HO Adaptive Modulation and Coding [AMC] Encryption and fast Authentication. Time Frequency Space Scheduling. Duplexing FDD TDD HFDD DL OFDMA UL OFDMA or SC-FDMA Repeater/Relay stations ...
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OFDMA Com, Tools 3GPP Rel 8 (LTE)

Multiple Antennas- AAS (Adaptive Array (beam forming or switching), MIMO open loop and close loop DL (2x2), (4x2),(4x4) UL (2x2) Transmit diversity STC (2x1), (4x1) Rx diversity MRC (1xN) MIMO Macro diversity (different sites) UL and DL Error control ARQ (selective repeat) or HARQ Chase or IR FEC- Convolutional, Turbo codes: CTC (1/3 binary), LDPC, BTC Smooth Handoff HHF, Fast cell switching, New Mixed of Macro diversity and HO, Soft Ho Adaptive Modulation and Coding [AMC] Encryption and fast Authentication. Time Frequency Space Scheduling. Duplexing FDD TDD HFDD DL OFDMA UL SC-FDMA Repeater/Relay stations
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Wimax Profiles used subset of the 802.16 OFDMA

Multiple Antennas- Adaptive array optional at BS mandatory in UT MIMO open loop and close loop (2x2), (4x2),(4x4). UL (2x2) Transmit diversity STC (2x1), (4x1) Rx diversity MRC (1xN) MIMO Macro diversity (different sites) UL and DL Error control ARQ (selective repeat) or HARQ 10 Chase or IR Runcom Technologies Ltd. 10
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OFDMA

Frame Structure

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Runcom Technologies Ltd.

IEEE802.16e Frame Structure

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Runcom Technologies Ltd.

WiMAX Multi-Zone Frame Structure

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Runcom Technologies Ltd.

16m Frame Structure

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Standardization
It turns out that UL-SC FDMA is a flop when it comes to high level of MU-MIMO (This will probably be changed back to OFDMA in LTE advanced Rel 9). The claimed PAPR advantage is negligible with the constraints of narrow band transmission that suffer from larger fading losses with no frequency Diversity. The round trip delay is lower in WiMAX using the 2.5ms frame structure instead of the 5ms frame structure. The flexibility of using the zones approach instead of fixed sub frame is still present. The VoIP MAC overhead in WiMAX/16e can be decreased with the use of sustain MAP techniques, such as Persistence Allocations and so on.
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Global Spectrum allocation

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Technology choice

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Frequencies, Regulation and backward compatible

3GPP has more legacy cellular that uses lower frequencies and provides better range and coverage. It also has a simpler multimode user/BS, due to the fact that RF frequencies are close while WiMAX using higher frequencies. This advantage gap is narrowing. WiMAX has ITU IMT 2000 approval. WIMAX is Expanding throw Rel 1.5 profile to FDD and other lower frequencies, such as 700MHz and AWS. Also, WiMAX may probably expand to 2G, 3G spectrum and PCS in the future.

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Runcom Technologies Ltd.

IEEE802.16m OFDM parameters

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LTE FDD transmission parameters

Transmission BW Slot duration (frame structure type 1) Sub-carrier spacing Sampling frequency OFDM symbol length in time units* (excluding cyclic prefix) Number of occupied resource blocks Occupied sub-carriers OFDM symbols per slot (frame structure type 1) Cyclic Prefix (CP) length (frame structure type 1) where l is the symbol 10/30/2008 position in a slot Normal CP Extended CP Normal CP 1.4 MHz 0.5 ms 15 kHz 30.72 MHz 2048 3.0 MHz 0.5 ms 15 kHz 30.72 MHz 2048 5 MHz 0.5 ms 15 kHz 30.72 MHz 2048 10 MHz 0.5 ms 15 kHz 30.72 MHz 2048 15 MHz 0.5 ms 15 kHz 30.72 MHz 2048 20 MHz 0.5 ms 15 kHz 30.72 MHz 2048

6 73 7 6 160 for l = 0 144 for l = 1 to 6

15 181 7 6 160 for l = 0 144 for l = 1 to 6

25 301 7 6 160 for l = 0 144 for l = 1 to 6

50 601 7 6 160 for l = 0 144 for l=1 to 6 512 for l = 0 to 5

75 901 7 6 160 for l = 0 144 for l = 1 to 6

100 1201 7 6 160 for l = 0 144 for l = 1 to 6

Extended CP

512 for l = 0 to 5

512 for l = 0 to 5

512 for l = 0 to 5

512 for l = 0 to 5

512 for l = 0 to 5

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Runcom Technologies Ltd.

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LTE Frame structure type 2 (TDD mode)

One radio frame =10 ms
One half frame =5 ms

1 ms #0 #2 #3 #4 #5 #7 #8 #9

DwPTS GP UpPTS

DwPTS GP UpPTS

Configuration

Switch-point periodicity 0 1 S S S S S S S 2 U U U U U U U

Subframe number 3 U U D U U D U 4 U D D U D D U 5 D D D D D D D 6 S S S D D D S 7 U U U D D D U 8 U U D D D D U 9 U D D D D D D

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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5 ms 5 ms 5 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms

D D D D D D D

Uplink-downlink allocations.
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Spectral Efficiency multiple antennas

bps/Hz 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5
3xEVDO DL UL HSPDA HSDA Wimax/LTE MIMO 2X2 16e/LTE MIMO 4X4 16E CLMIMO 16X4 or AAS +COL MIMO

COL UL MIMO Application of SM, CL-MIMO and Diversity according to channel condition
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PEAK User DATA RATE

FDD 2x5 MHz TDD 10 MHz TDD 20 MHz FDD 2x 20 MHz

280 Mbps 240 200 160 120 80 40

3G HSUPA 14Mbps Wimax SISO Wimax MIMO 2X2 16e MIMO DL: 4X4 UL: 2x4 TDD TX/Rx~2:1 16e MIMO DL: 2X2 UL 2x2 16e MIMO DL: 4X4 UL: 2x4 16e/LTE MIMO 2X2 16e / LTE MIMO DL: 4X4

DL UL LTE

2Mbps

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Throughput conclusion

The Throughput of the systems is comparable and the different may be with less then 10%

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Networking

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A deployment example for the Media Independent Handover services 802.21

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Multi-mode User Terminal design

GSM
Transceiver

BB Airlink
UMTS WLAN . RNA300

Modem Application Processor Triple play

Diversity RFIC
Ant 1 Rx 1

RFIC #1
Transceiver

I/Q
Tx 1

RNA200 IEEE802-16e

CMR

Ant 2 Rx 2

SoC
RFIC #2
Transceiver

Crystal OSC 10/30/2008

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WiMAX to 3GPP interworking general architecture

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WiMAX integrated to 3GPP network (Interworking Converging networks !!)

MSC/VLR

Circuit Core HLR

GSM mobile

BSS

BTS GSM / 3GPP mobile

BSC / PCU
Packet Core IP Network

SGSN
3GPP all IP NodeB RNC 3GPP / WiMAX BS
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GGSN
Intelligent Network / Applications / AAA

ASN-GW Voice Data IP 29 VoIP and Data IP

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Runcom Technologies Ltd.

Dual Radio 3GPP Pre-Rel8 Packet Core Interworking Architecture Roaming model (WiMAX NWG Rel 0.1)

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WiMAX Mobility Access

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HSPA vs. WiMAX architecture

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LTE network architecture (3GPP)

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Network conclusion
The WiMAX and LTE networks came to be simple scalable and less expensive. This network is different than the current networks. The add-on and/or integration of the network into current networks is handled by several standardization and is currently under development. The advantage of the LTE as a continuation of the 2G-3G is not clear. Runcom Technologies Ltd. 34
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Winning technology !
??

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Technology conclusion
There is no real technological advantage of LTE air interface over 16e it is basically another profile. 16e is good solution for long time. 3GPP LTE adopted the 16e OFDMA technology and created an OFDMA variant with some minor improvement and with some dis-improvements in certain areas.
The 802.16 upgraded with another OFDMA standard (16m), thus adopting some minor improvement with some dis-improvements.

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Final Conclusion
1. 2. 3. LTE & WIMAX are based on excellent technology and are variant of each other. IT IS PHISIBLE TO DEVELOP MULTIMOD WIMAX-LTE ON THE SAME CHIP Currently, WiMAX has the time-to-market advantage over LTE, but it is behind HSPA. If WiMAX vendors finalize the development of the add-on networking approach soon enough, they may be able to take a larger market share from the LTE and HSPA Another possibility that the financial crises will dictate that in the future, there will be slow down in R&D and consequently new network roll-out will be slower. The question will still exist of, HSPA versus WiMAX and not LTE

4.

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References

Public documentation and White Papers from Nokia, Motorola, Ericsson and others. IEEE802.16e/m 3GPP WiMAX Forum NWG and TWG documents

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Thank you from Runcom

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