Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Thermodynamic (Kelvin) scale of temperature: theoretical scale that is independent of the properties of any
particular substance. An absolute scale of temp is a temp scale which does not depend on the property of any particular substance (ie the thermodynamic scale)
Absolute zero: Temperature at which all substances have a minimum internal energy {NOT: zero internal energy.}
c = Q / mT
Specific latent heat of vaporisation is defined as the amount of heat energy needed to change unit mass of a
substance from liquid phase to gaseous phase without a change of temperature.
Specific latent heat of fusion is defined as the amount of heat energy needed to change unit mass of a substance from
solid phase to liquid phase without a change of temperature
Note:
1. the use of comparative terms: greater, more, and> 2. the increase in internal energy is due to an increase in the PE, NOT KE of molecules 3. the system here is NOT to be considered as an ideal gas system Similarly, you need to explain why, when a liq is boiling, thermal energy is being supplied, and yet, the temp of the liq does not change. Melting Occurrence Spacing(vol) & PE of molecules Temperature & hence KE of molecules Boiling Evaporation On the surface, at all temperatures
Increase slightly Increase significantly Remains constant during process Decrease for remaining liquid
1/2
U = W + Q
{Need to recall the sign convention for all 3 terms}
U: Increase in internal energy of the system Q: Heat supplied to the system W: work done on the system
Work is done by a gas when it expands; work is done on a gas when it is compressed. W = area under pressure - volume graph. For constant pressure {isobaric process}, Work done = pressure x Volume
p V = n R T, where T is in Kelvin {NOT: C}, n: no. of moles. p V = N k T, where N: no. of molecules, k:Boltzmann const
Ideal Gas: a gas which obeys the ideal gas equation pV = nRT FOR ALL VALUES OF P, V & T Avogadro constant: defined as the number of atoms in 12g of carbon-12. It is thus the number of particles (atoms or
molecules) in one mole of substance. For an ideal gas, internal energy U = Sum of the KE of the molecules only {since PE = 0 for ideal gas}
www.xtremepapers.com/revision/a-level/physics/thermal_physics.php
2/2