NEWS LETTER OF ARMARC

AUGUST -2011 Editorial Oxford dictionary defines astrology as study of supposed planetary effects on human affairs. When such effects are related with health, naturally it comes to matter of medical-astronomy. Today even modern science has started to realize and work on such possible effects what Indian saints had already dealt hundreds of years back. Aryabhatt from Pataliputra (modern Patna) observed the elaborated relation of these planets with human bodies and tried to prove the facts with calculations of mathematics. Taittriya Brahmana and Bhrigu-samhita were already in practice that time even for the purpose of related aspects of astrology. Numbers of creations have exposed the relations of human affairs with planets, constellations etc. With proper understanding and calculations of relations among the planets under certain signs (rashis) in respect to constellations, almost correct speculations can be given. Only birth details including date, time, place etc. should be perfect. It also renders ideas regarding possible ailments to bodies with degree of occurrence and their cures, like any drug which may enhance the immunity to combat the evil effects of existing or forthcoming diseases is preferred to be given in Pushya nakshatra according to medical astronomy. This particular nakshatra is ruled by Brihaspati, the god of divine wisdom which gives ability to create spiritual energy (brahmavarchasa shakti) or will power and it is directly related with immunity or combating capacity against evils of bodies. Other than these, all plants are assigned with certain nakshatra and individual medicinal plant has maximum potency in that particular nakshatra. Again for combination of herbs in any formulation, it may depend upon the dominance of particular component and accordingly the nakashtra. Vol 2.10 All these planets, constellations etc. are bundles of elements with various proportions and certainly they emit energy, known as cosmic energy. Not only human bodies, but everything on this earth has life-long effect of such energies once they come in to existence. These effects start at molecular level. In living being, the constitution of body at molecular level also happens in accordance with these energies. The good or bad effect of such energies with their frequency also depends consequently. Whenever the body comes in contact with familiar energy received while in process of constitution, accordingly it is reflected with good or bad effect. Any mistake with understanding or calculation may give rise to false perception. Earlier our vaidyas used to provide the medicines keeping all these aspects in mind. A detailed scientific proof after exhaustive study on these aspects may bring a new boon where all diseases can be treated with simple medications and, health by all means of body, mind and sprituality can be achieved easily.

HAPPY INEPENDENCE DAY 15th August, A MOST SACRED DAY FOR EVERY CITIZEN OF INDIA In This Issue
1) An Insight into the concept of
Atattwaabhinivesham 2) Pharmacognostical evaluation of Yavani (Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague)

3) Formulation Profile (Series-A/31) Sadbindu Taila 4) Herbal Drug Profile (Series-A/32) Kantakari

Newsletter of ARMARC

AUGUST -2011

An Insight into the concept of Atattwaabhinivesham

Dr. Somit Kumar, PG Scholar, Dept. of Dravyaguna, ALNRMAMC, Koppa Dr. D. Raghvendran, PG Scholar, Dept. of Kayachikitsa, Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Hubli While discussing the spectrum of Psychic and neo-psychic disorders we come across a condition termed as Atattwaabhinivesham. Charaka has mentioned mahagada or atattwaabhinivesham twice, once in charaka sutra sthana 19th chapter while elaborating on number of samanyaja vikaras and then in charaka chikitsa at the end of apasmara treatment. Agnivesha particularly raises this topic for discussion with Atreya at the end of apasmara chikitsa. While in Sutrasthana he described Atattvabhinivesha as Eko Mahagada means the colossal disease; he straightway refused its description in Chikitsa Sthana saying it as Anarsha means edition of its text by someone else in later period. All the other scholars of Ayurveda of Samhita period including Sushruta and Vagbhatta did not describe this disease. If Raga is attachment to objects. Wherever there is a little pleasure, there is Raga. Wherever there is pain, there is Dwesha. Like and dislike are inter-related. Raga-Dwesha is also one of the important afflictions, according to Patanjali Maharshi. The five afflictions are Avidya (ignorance), Asmita (egoism), Raga-Dwesha (like and dislike) and Abhinivesha (clinging to life). First, there is ignorance, the original Avidya. From this is born egoism, Asmita, and from Asmita is born Raga-Dwesha, and from Raga-Dwesha, Abhinivesha, or clinging to this life or fear of death . If the context of discussion is closely scrtutinized, it is wonderful to find about its relevance in apasmara chikitsa and not in unmada . Even in nidana sthana no references have been quoted in context of apasmara. It has been always topic of deliberation, as to what is significance of atattwaabhinivesha and its relevance now both conceptually and clinically. The nidanas of atattwaabhinivesha in terms aahara and vihara seem to be almost alike apasmara and unmada. Abhinivesha makes a man attached to samsara (worldly concerns) and to forget his real destiny. He allows the mind to dominate him. As a result, he is subject to sorrow and depression, OCD, Anxiety neurosis etc. is manifested.Owing to this confusion and lack of detailed description of this disease, its thorough knowledge is the need of time since long past. Atattvabhinivesha is a minor psychological ailment and it resembles with neurotic disorders of modern psychiatry particularly anxiety states. Before we discuss the samprapthi of these three disorders I would like to elaborate upon few conceptions. Psychiatric disorders or neo psychiatric disorders like unmada and apasmara manifests through somatic plane to psychic plane and vice versa .It means disarranged corporeal tridoshas altering the balance in psychic humours rajo and tamo gunas and vice versa. Visualizing the samprapthi of unmada and apasmara we come across a major distinction. Apasmara and unmade tends to engross the realms of body, mind and higher intellect in a different way and intensity. The pathogenesis gradually seeps through physical and metaphysical domain of existence and vice versa. In Unmada higher metaphysical faculties like psyche, intellect, memory etc. are altered or afflicted. The prerequisite, as being highlighted in samprapthi is alpa satwa. In this state of alpa satwa any endogenous (humeral

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AUGUST -2011

imbalance in vatadi doshas) or exogenous (grahas or extra sensorial entities) mask or overshadow or alter the

Pharmacognostical evaluation of Yavani (Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague)

Dr. Kanchan Kulkarni, PG Scholar, Dept. RS&BK, innate or usual psycho-social characteristics of patients. Dr. Prashant Kumar Jha, Head, Q.C. Laboratories, ALNRMAMC, Koppa Apasmara, a transient state of vitiated tamas overcastting Botanical source: Fruits of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) the faculties of sense organs, mind, intellect and memory Sprague from family Apiaceae. associated with vibhatsa chesta or involuntary clonic Synonyms: Yavani, Kharhwa, Ywavanika, Dipyaka,Dipya, Yavasahwa, Yavagraja, Ugragandhi, and tonic spasm of the limbs. Pathogenesis of apasmara Dipaniya, Vatari, Sholahantri, Ugra, Tivra Gandha, predominantly involves the somatic or physical corporeal Bhoomi, Agnigandhi, Hridhya, Agni Vardaka, Yavahwa, plane, transiently influencing the sensorial and psychic Bhokadamba, Ajmodha, Brahm Darbha, Ajagandha, Bobiyika, Ksetra yavani, Lata oshadhi, Hilahula, Bhootika, plane. The pathogenesis and imbalance are rooted Ajawain. predominantly at somatic or physical body but expressed Rasa Panchaka: Rasa: Katu; Anurasa: Tikshna; Guna: Laghu, intermittently on metaphysical or Psycho-sensory plane Rukshna, Tikshna; Virya: Ushna; Vipaka: Katu as vegas(episodes) when the doshas vitiates beyond Yavani is an important ayurvedic drug mentioned in almost all Nighantus and other prominent ayurvedic texts threshold . under various vargas for various proeprties like krimighna, Now let us understand come to the concept of kusthaghna, chhardi, visha dosha, rochana, sosha, atattwaabhinivesham. In simple words, it is condition sothahara, deepana, pachana, jwara, kaphaghna, pratishyaya etc. just before a somatic disease becomes established at Yavani is used as one of important component of psychic plane .So it may be subclinical phase of unmade different formulations viz., Yavanikadi kwatha, Yavanikadi state. Virrudha aahara,dusta aahara, vega rodha churna, Yogaraj guggulu, Sudarshana churna, Hingvastaka churna, Yavani satva, Panchkoladi ghrita, Sukumara taila, aggravates the physical doshas and influence the rajo Ajmodadi churna, Takrarishta, Satyadi gutika, Yavanikadi and tamo guna of mind due to its sukshma sara reaching kada etc. Materials and Method: The drug ready for marketing mind. Clinically mimic unmade but pathogenesis is still (dried) was collected from the cultivated field in Bhagalpur corporeal (tridoshas vatadi dominant) influencing the district of Bihar. They were studies macroscopically and microscopically by the method suggested by T.E. Wallis faculties of psyche. The status of mind without being alpa in book Textbook of Pharmacognosy. The preliminary satwa. So sodhana chikitsa ,samsarjanadi karma and tests for phytochemicals were done by methods menmedhya rasayanas are recommended .Satwajaya tioned by Trease and Evanss Pharmacognosy. The quantitative data was collected after the experiments. The chikitsa has been recommended to prevent mind getting procedures given in British Pharmacopoeia were used feeble . If this condition left untreated it will slowly lead for the purpose. Fragments of essential oil was collected after running with column chromatography. The collected to unmade. material was done with phytochemical tests and then with ***** thin layer chromatography pure thymol was collected.

Newsletter of ARMARC

AUGUST -2011 each mericarp with four large vittae on dorsal surface and two on commissural surface. Four primary ridges are present on dorsal surface. These mericarps are attached with carpophore. The detailed section reveals the epidermis covered with striated cuticle as outermost cells followed by parenchyma cells in mesocarp. They are traversed with vitta, a special type of cell secreting essential oil. They are internally lined with epithelial cells. Some vascular cells are also present in this region. The broader portion of the seed is covered with endosperm. Embryo lies almost in centre of endosperm.

The minerals were quantitatively determined using flame photometer and titrimetric methods using procedures given with Pharmacopoeial Standards of Ayurvedic Formulations. Result: Plant Morphology: This is a up to 60 cm tall slender herb with pinnately decompounds leaves. The segments of leaves are narrowly linear and glabrous. Flowers are whitish or pinkish whilein umbelliferous inflorescence. Fruits arehispidulous and prominently ridged. They are in 2 indehiscent laterally compressed mericarps.

Macroscopy Macroscopy: The fruits are ovoid, greyish-brown, 12.3 mm long and 1-2.1 mm wide, compressed with pale coloured short protuberances. They are ovoid to conical in shape. Mericarps are usually separated. The dorsal surface of each mericarp is with five distinct primary ridges. Odour is characteristic thymol type while the taste is slightly bitter pungent.

Outline of TS (Transverse section) Microscopy: The outline of the transverse section shows Outline of A fragment of complete section

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AUGUST -2011

Fibres of Carpophore

Epicarp and mesocarp

Surface view of epidermis with striated cuticle

Vessels Vitta (Essential Oil Secretory Gland)

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AUGUST -2011

Powder- The powder is yellowish-brown in colour and shows cells of epicarp exhibiting characteristic striations. Fragments of trichomes, parenchyma cells of mesocarp, fragments of yellowish-brown vittae, fragments of endosperm composed of thick-walled polygonal cells containing aleurone grain etc. are present. The odour is characteristic while taste is slightly bitter. Preliminary Phytochemical Tests: Phytochemicals Carbohydrate Protein Tannin Glycoside Terpenoids Alkaloids +: Traces Physicochemical Parameters: Total Ash Acid Insoluble ash Water soluble ash Alcohol soluble extractives Water soluble extractives Quantitative Assessment of Phytochemicals: Carbohydrate Protein Fat Essential Oil Thymol Minerals Calcium Potassium Soidum Iron : 1.51% : 1.21% : 0.21 % : 2.71% : 22.65% : 13.87% : 19.11% : 3.55% : 43.63% of total essential oil : 7.12% : 3.48% : 2.97% : 18.33% : 7.41% ++: Average Inference +++ +++ ++ +++ +++ + +++: Moderate

Conclusion: This is an important drug and commercial spice with lot chances to be exploited for number of other constituents and their pharmacoloical uses. *****

Newsletter of ARMARC

AUGUST -2011

Formulation Profile (Series-A/31)

Sadbindu Taila Prof: D.K.Mishra Dr.Prashant Kumar Jha Dr. Somit Kumar Niranjan J. (Reference: Bhaisajyaratnawali: Shirorogadhikar) Ingredients: 1. Tila oil 2. Aja milk 3. Bhringraj whole plant 3.07 gm 4. Erand root 5. Jivanti root 6. Rasna root 7. Yastimadhu root 8. Tagara rhizome 9. Sunthi rhizome 10. Tehpatra leaf 11. Vidanga fruit 12. Satavha fruit 13. Saindhava lavana 19 gm 19 gm 19 gm 19 gm 19 gm 19 gm 19 gm 19 gm 19 gm 19 gm 768 gm 3.07 gm

Herbal Drug Profile (Series-A/32)

Kantakari Prof. M.Vidyasagar Dr. Hari Venkatesh Prof. K.S.Sanjay Dr. Prashant Kumar Jha

Botanical Source: Whole plant of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. from family Solanaceae. Geographical Source: It is found throughout India specially in deciduous forest area to semi arid zone. Plant Morphology: It is bushy stellately pubescent diffused or procumbent armed undershrub. Leaves are 2-12 x 1-7.5 cm in size, pinnatified. Flowers are light to deep purple in colour and in extra-axillary racemes. Berries are 1-1.5 cm across, spherical, yellow or orange when ripe. Seeds are sub-spherical, compressed, yellowish-brown and minutely rugose. Macroscopy: Roots are cylindrical, tapering with wrinkles and scars on surface. Fracture is short and taste bitter. Throny or prickly stems are enveloped with minute hairs. They are externally greenish-yellow in colour and often with hollow pith. Fracture is short to slightly fibrous. Leaves are hairy with full of sharp prickles along the veins and veinlets. They are ovate, pinnatified and petiolate. Fruits are surrounded by persistent calyx and yellow coloured. They are spherical to globular in shape and are filled with seeds. Seeds are sub-spherical and compressed with bitter and acrid taste.

Description: It is brownish-red oil with characteristic pleasant odour. Loss on drying at 110 C Total ash Acid insoluble ash Refractive index Saponification value Iodine value Acid value : 0.75% : 4.53% : 2.14% : 1.4671 : 194.32 : 96.22 : 4.12

Dose : Quantity sufficient Therapeutic Indication: Externally applied for nasya, abyanga etc. to improve eyesight, general debility, mental disorders etc.

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Chemical Constituents: Fruit is having carpesteral, solasonine, solamargine, solanocarpine and solasodine. Petals yields apigenin while stamens quercetin and sitosterol. The whole plant contains around 3-4 % of alkaloid while diosgenin is also reported from whole plant. Uses: Root is expectorant, used in cough, asthma etc. Stems, flowers and fruits are bitter and carminative. Leaves are locally applied with bacl pepper for rheumatism. Both glycoalkaloidal and fatty acid fractions of plant are histamine liberator and due to depletion of histamine, the plant may be useful in bronchial asthma.

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