KPJ INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF NURSING AND HEALTH SCIENCE

GYNECOMASTIA PAPK 221.3

Group members:
Farah Najehah Binti Sazali Illiana Binti Ismail Muhammad Shafik Bin Shamsudin Nadrah Farhana Binti Zainal Zuhaidah Binti Abu Bakar Nor Radiah Binti Mohd Asri 10 DPH 0112 10 DPH 0115 10 dph 0123 10 DPH 0124 10 DPH 0142 10 DPH 0145

Lecturer: Sir Fazalda Bin Annuar

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, we would like to thank to ALLAH S.W.T for giving us the strength and spirit to complete this assignment. I would like to thank our lacturer Sir Fazalda Bin Annuar, who giving us support and guided us very well for complete our assignment on time and we also would like to thank our program coordinator, Mdm. Rasyidah, cohort 9 lecturer-in-charge, Mr. Mohd Faiz bin ABD Ghani for thier surveillance. Gynaecomastia is a very important and wide subject in pharmacy. To understand this subject, we must be guided by the right person for us the get the complete information regarding this disease Besides that, I would like to thank our family members especially who educate us with aspects from sciences, for unconditional support and encouragement to pursue my interest in this field and complete the assignment. Not to forget who financially helped us a lot and for believing us that we can finish up the course successfully. Last but not least to thank each of our friends, for their friendship, encouragement and co-operation in completing this assignment. We would like to thank god who makes all things possible for us to complete this assignment. In conclusion, we wish to thank all those who helped us in completing this assignment because without them we could not have completed this assignment.

Gynaecomastia
Gynecomastia is enlargement of the male breast tissue. It is common in men and boys at various stages of development and in association with certain medical conditions. True gynecomastia refers to enlarged glandular tissue rather than fat (adipose) tissue. The presence of fat tissue that appears in the breast area is known as pseudogynecomastia.

Abnormal increase in the size of glandular breast tissue in a male patient. The diagnosis is clinical, but investigation is required to determine the underlying cause. Gynaecomastia is a common condition that causes boys and mens breasts to become larger than normal. It is most common in teenage boys and older men. Gynaecomastia, a benign enlargement of the male breast as a result of proliferation of the glandular component, is common, being present in 30-50% of healthy men. It may be an incidental finding, an acute unilateral or bilateral tender breast enlargement or a progressive painless enlargement of the male breast. A general medical history and careful physical examination, looking for features suggestive of breast cancer, often suffice for evaluation in patients without symptoms or those with incidentally discovered breast enlargement. If the gynaecomastia is of recent onset, a more detailed evaluation, including selected laboratory tests to search for an underlying cause is necessary. Treatment depends on the cause: an offending drug may need to be withdrawn or alternatively radiation, surgery and/or medical therapy may be necessary. The use of a combination of surgical excision and liposuction through a periareolar incision represents the surgical approach of choice.

signs of gynaecomastia
Signs vary from a small amount of extra tissue around the nipples to more prominent breasts. It can affect one or both breasts.