LNB 21103: ADVANCED SHIP RESISTANCE & PROPULSION LABORATORY SHEET MINI PROJECT 2 RESISTANCE PREDICTION OF SHIPS IN CALM

M WATER USING EXPERIMENTAL MODEL TEST

OBJECTIVES:

i. ii.

To carry out resistance prediction using model test for a 28.3m trawler in calm water condition. To predict total resistance of ship using ITTC 1978 Performance Prediction Method for Single Screw Ships.

iii.

To present the result of the total resistance and the effective power for the tanker including the form factor prediction using Prohaska Plot.

iv.

To compare the resistance and powering result from extrapolation (model test) and prediction method (Nav Cad or Max Surf).

v.
INTRODUCTION:

In the resistance test the ship model is towed by the carriage and the total longitudinal force acting on the model is measured for various speeds. Turbulence stimulators are present at the bow of the ship model to stimulate transition from a laminar into a turbulent boundary layer. During the measuring run the ship model is free to heave and pitch.

In the extrapolation of the resistance test results Froudes hypothesis and similarity law is followed. According to Froudes hypothesis the resistance of a ship (or of its model) can be split up into two independent components, one (the viscous component) being proportional to the (frictional) resistance of a flat plate of the same length and wetted surface area when towed at the same speed and another component RW which follows Froudes similarity law. The proportionality factor between the viscous component and the flat plate resistance is called the form factor (1+k) because it corrects for the effect of the three dimensional hull form.

EQUIPMENT:

1. Towing Tank and a 28.3 mm tanker scaled model as shown in Figure 1. 2. Max Surf or Nav Cad Software 3. Lines Plan Drawing (in AutoCad .dwg )

Figure 1: Towing Tank Principal Dimensions (UTM)

PROCEDURE AND PROTOCOL :

1. Obtain the total resistance for model for various speeds as tabulated in Table A32 and Table A3.3. 2. The main particulars for both model and ship can be obtained in Table A3.1. 3. Determine the form factor (1+k) using Prohaska method by selecting the result of Froudes number below 0.2. Plot CTM/CFM versus Fn4/CFM. 4. Extrapolate the total resistance of model to total resistance of ship using ITTC ITTC 1978 Performance Prediction Method for Single Screw Ships 5. Obtain the effective power versus the ship speed in knots. 6. Compare the result by using software MaxSurf or Nav Cad

VESSEL PARTICULARS

The trawler particulars with respect to the actual full-scale test condition are listed as follows: Length overall Length between perpendiculars Breadth moulded Depth moulded Draft designed Displacement Block coefficient Tonnes per cm immersion (TPC) Engine room height GRT Deck equipment: Windlass Trawl winch Net drum Anchor winch (windlass) Capacities: Fuel oil/diesel Fresh water Fish hold/RSW Crew Cabin Hull structure: Frame spacing : 28.3 m : 23.8 m : 6.0 m : 2.5 m : 1.9 m : 171 tonnes : 0.61 : 1.409 t/cm : 2.37 m : 95.64 : 1 pair : 1 pair : 1 pair : 1 pair : 30,000 liter : 15,000 liter : 60 t / -2oC : 8 persons : 0.5 m

Figure 2 The 28.3 m Trawler alongside UniKL MIMET Slipway

3

PROTOCOL FOR MODEL TESTS: 28.3 m TRAWLER 1. Objective: To conduct resistance tests on a model of 28.3 m trawler. 2. Scope of Tests: 2.1 To conduct bare hull resistance tests 2.2 To prepare report (including photographs and video where applicable). 3. Model Particulars A model of the 28.3 m trawler with scale of 1:12 was constructed using Jelutong wood. It was hand-finished and painted yellow. Tolerance for model making is + 1.0 mm. Table A3.1: Ship and Model Particulars Particulars ScaleRatio LOA(m) LBP(m) Beam(m) DraftMean(m) LCG(fromamidships)(m) KG(frombaseline)(m) 4. Experimental Plan Resistance Tests The test programme shall consist of a series of calm water resistance tests. The model will be tested at the following conditions: Table A3.2: Model Tests Test Condition Barehull at 171.5 tonnes (fully loaded) Designated (knots) 7.0 ~ 16.0 knots at 1.0 knot increment Speed Ship 12 28.3 23.8 6.0 1.90 0.295 1.993 Model 1 2.36 1.98 0.5 0.16 0.025 0.166

Model test speeds in the towing tank are: Table A3.3: Model Test Speeds Vs (knots) 16.00 15.00 14.00 13.00 12.00 11.00 10.00 9.00 8.00 7.00 2.079 1.930 1.782 1.633 1.485 1.337 Vm (m/s)

Figure A2: Model Test at 2.08 m/s (14 knots) at UTM Towing Tank, Marine Technology Lab
PROPERTIES OF WATER Density of fresh water, FW Density of salt water, SW Viscosity of fresh water, FW Viscosity of salt water, SW UNIT 1 tonne/m3 tonne/m3 m2/s m2/s

1.025 1.14E-06 1.16E-06

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

1. The form factor (1 + k) was determined from the resistance test results. This was done using

Prohaskas plotting. Plot the Prohaska plot and obtain the form factor (1+k) and discuss.
2. Extrapolate the total resistance of model to total resistance of ship using ITTC 1978 Performance Prediction Method for Single Screw Ships. (Refer to your notes) and use the value of a standard amplitude of 150 x 10-6m for kS, (the mean apparent amplitude of the surface roughness). For the CAA, (the air resistance), the AVT which is the transverse area above waterline (to be calculate or estimate from Lines and GA given ). Plot and discuss on: a. the total resistance coefficient, CT versus Vs , Froude number and Reynold number b. the frictional resistance coefficient CF versus Vs , Froude number and Reynold number c. the residuary resistance coefficient CR versus Vs , Froude number and Reynold number d. the ship RT versus Froude number e. and the PE versus the ship speed in knots. 3. Check if the model used is too large in relation to the dimensions of the towing tank as the limited dimensions of the towing tank impose undesired restriction on the flow around the model and therefore caused undesired effects on the measured results. Use any method which is available in my notes for blockage corrections. 4. Please attached burned CD of your results and reports.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: 1. What can you conclude from this resistance prediction? How does the resistance vary with speed in calm water? 2. Discuss the reason on the necessity of blockage correction on your results. 3. Discuss on the temperature of water in the towing tank. Will the results change if the temperature of the towing tank is decrease to a value of 15oC? Discuss on how the temperature can be corrected to 15oC? 4. Comparison of the extrapolated results from model test with prediction method and

discuss.
5. Determination of the parameters affecting the model-ship correlation uncertainty analysis. 6. Recommendation of powering , engine selection , propeller and rudder design (if

applicable)