An Introduction To Linux

For :

Sir Maqsood Razi

By :

Iqbal Uddin Khan

What is Linux ?
It is an Operating System. Derived from Unix. The mother of Linux is MINIX. Initially started as a Final year project. Uses Monolithic Kernel. Indented to be open source. Most apps are available under GPL and GNU license.

What is Linux ?

(Contd)

A glimpse of history In 1987 Andrew S. Tanenbaum developed MINIX (mini-Unix), a light weight version of Unix. As its source code was generally available in all universities for research and studies. In 1991 Linus Torvalds developed kernel for Linux as his Final year project.

The GNU project

In 1983 Richard Stallman, started the GNU Project, creating a "complete Unix-compatible software system" composed entirely of free software. As in early era of operating systems, the only OS was UNIX developed in 1969 and OS was costly and difficult to manage. The vision of Richard Stallman now lies in the foundation of Linux.

Flavors of Linux
Debian based Gentoo based Pacman based RPM based Slackware based Others

Flavors of Linux

(Contd)

Most Popular flavors are : Debian based , mostly for home users.
o Easy to manageable by normal user. o Example is Ubuntu and other Canonical Distributions.

RPM based, mostly for server ends

o Experts required. o Examples are RHEL and SUSE.

Distributions of UBUNTU
Ubuntu Gnome based Distribution by Canonical. Kubuntu Uses KDE desktop. Lubuntu Light desktop edition of Gnome(LXDE). Edubuntu for educational purpose. Ubuntu Server Sever solution. Ubuntu mobile For general embedded systems. Ubuntu Android for Android based Cellophanes.

Installation of UBUNTU
Points to remember:
Before installation first run LIVE CD. Root partition must be ext3 or ext4. Swap partition should be manually created. Root password should be different from user. First install Windows than Linux. If using Dual OS, common partition should be NTFS. Use different Computer names if using Dual OS.

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GNU Object Model Environment - GNOME

Screenshots
K Desktop Environment - KDE

Package Managers
Ubuntu
Synaptic Package Manager. Ubuntu Software Center

KDE
MOUN Package Manager

MOUN Software Center

CLI Installation
Run Terminal/Konsol/Command Line Interface Enter in super user mode. Write sudo i and enter root password. Write apt-get <package name> -install. Write apt-get - update or -upgrade. Enter Y or yes if prompt.

Applications
Multimedia
o Amarok audio player for KDE. o Banshee audio player for Gnome and Unity. o VLC Multimedia player for both platforms.

Office applications.
o Libre Office both platforms. o Open Office both platforms. o Star Office and Koffice are other Office apps.

Applications
Internet

(Contd)

o Mozilla Firefox both platform. o Rekonq and Konqueror for KDE platform. o Chromium Google Chrome derivative for both platform.

Mobile Suite
o WAMMU for both Gnome and KDE platforms.

Thank You !