MEASURING TOOL Definition Voltmeter

voltmeter is an instrument used to measure the electrical potential difference. Voltmeter is usually arranged in parallel (parallel) with the source voltage or electrical peralataan. How to install the voltmeter is to connect the tip of a voltage source which has a higher potential (positive pole) must be connected to the positive terminal of the voltmeter, and the tip voltage source which has a lower potential (negative pole) must be connected to the negative terminal of voltmeter. voltmeter is usually used to measure the voltage source such as batteries, Volta element, or a

battery. The parts consist only of the scale voltmeter pointer magnitude of the voltage, the regulator setup functions, and positive and negative poles. In addition to a simple voltmeter, also artifacts of the voltmeter electronic voltmeter electronic analog and digital voltmeter. Definisi Amperemeter Ammeter is a powerful tool to measure the electrical current in a closed circuit. Ammeters are usually mounted in series (rows) with an electric element. In a practical source of direct current electricity, ammeters typically used to measure the magnitude of current flowing in the wire conductor.

Gambar Diagram rangkaian sederhana ampermeter Bagian-bagian amperemeter juga seperti voltmeter yaitu terdiri dari skala , setup pengatur, dan kutub positif-negatif.

Gambar ampermeter Definisi Multimeter

Multimeter measurement often dignakan in quantities of electricity. Additionally the tool is also called regular or AVO (amperes, volts, and ohms) meters, which means a measuring instrument that can be used to measure strong electric current (I) with units of amperes, measure voltage (V) with units of volts, and for ) with units of ohms.measure the magnitude of electrical resistivity ( The usefulness of this other than a multimeter to measure electrical quantities are also very useful to search for and find the interference that occurs in all types of aircraft or electronic devices.

Picture a simple chart of the multimeter

C. Ohmmeter / Ohm Meter Ohm meter is a device used to measure the electrical resistance is a force that is able to withstand the flow of electricity on the conductor. The tool uses a galvanometer to see the magnitude of the electric current which is then calibrated to units of ohms.

SPECTRUM ANALYZER A spectrum analyzer measures the magnitude of an input signal versus frequency within the full frequency range of the instrument. The primary use is to measure the power of the spectrum of known and unknown signals. The input signal a spectrum analyzer measures is electrical, however, spectral compositions of other signals, such as acoustic pressure waves and optical light waves, can be considered through the use of an appropriate transducer. By analyzing the spectra of electrical signals, dominant frequency, power, distortion, harmonics, bandwidth, and other spectral components of a signal can be observed that are not easily detectable in time domain waveforms. These parameters are useful in the characterization of electronic devices, such as wireless transmitters. The display of a spectrum analyzer has frequency on the horizontal axis and the amplitude displayed on the vertical axis. To the casual observer, a spectrum analyzer looks like an oscilloscope and, in fact, some lab instruments can function either as an oscilloscope or a spectrum analyzer.

Spectrum analyzer display

Oscilloscope

Illustration showing the interior of a cathode-ray tube for use in an oscilloscope. Numbers in the picture indicate: 1. Deflection voltage electrode; 2. Electron gun; 3. Electron beam; 4. Focusing coil; 5. Phosphor-coated inner side of the screen

A Tektronix model 475A portable analog oscilloscope, a very typical instrument of the late 1970s An oscilloscope (also known as a scope, CRO, DSO or, an O-scope) is a type of electronic test instrument that allows observation of constantly varying signal voltages, usually as a twodimensional graph of one or more electrical potential differences using the vertical or 'Y' axis,

plotted as a function of time, (horizontal or 'x' axis). Although an oscilloscope displays voltage on its vertical axis, any other quantity that can be converted to a voltage can be displayed as well. In most instances, oscilloscopes show events that repeat with either no change, or change slowly. Oscilloscopes are commonly used to observe the exact wave shape of an electrical signal. In addition to the amplitude of the signal, an oscilloscope can show distortion, the time between two events (such as pulse width, period, or rise time) and relative timing of two related signals.[1] Oscilloscopes are used in the sciences, medicine, engineering, and telecommunications industry. General-purpose instruments are used for maintenance of electronic equipment and laboratory work. Special-purpose oscilloscopes may be used for such purposes as analyzing an automotive ignition system, or to display the waveform of the heartbeat as an electrocardiogram. Originally all oscilloscopes used cathode ray tubes as their display element and linear amplifiers for signal processing, (commonly referred to as CROs) however, modern oscilloscopes have LCD or LED screens, fast analog-to-digital converters and digital signal processors. Although not as commonplace, some oscilloscopes used storage CRTs to display single events for a limited time. Oscilloscope peripheral modules for general purpose laptop or desktop personal computers use the computer's display, allowing them to be used as test instruments. Power supply

A vacuum-tube rackmount adjustable power supply, capable of +/- 1500 volts DC, 0 to 100mA output, with amperage limiting capability. A power supply is a device that supplies electrical energy to one or more electric loads. The term is most commonly applied to devices that convert one form of electrical energy to another, though it may also refer to devices that convert another form of energy (e.g., mechanical, chemical, solar) to electrical energy. A regulated power supply is one that controls the output voltage or current to a specific value; the controlled value is held nearly constant despite variations in either load current or the voltage supplied by the power supply's energy source. Every power supply must obtain the energy it supplies to its load, as well as any energy it consumes while performing that task, from an energy source. Depending on its design, a power supply may obtain energy from:

Electrical energy transmission systems. Common examples of this include power supplies that convert AC line voltage to DC voltage.

Energy storage devices such as batteries and fuel cells. Electromechanical systems such as generators and alternators. Solar power.

A power supply may be implemented as a discrete, stand-alone device or as an integral device that is hardwired to its load. In the latter case, for example, low voltage DC power supplies are commonly integrated with their loads in devices such as computers and household electronics. Commonly specified power supply attributes include:

The amount of voltage and current it can supply to its load. How stable its output voltage or current is under varying line and load conditions. How long it can supply energy without refueling or recharging (applies to power supplies that employ portable energy sources).

FUCTION GENERATOR

Function generator is a piece of equipment or software, electronic test was used to create an electric wave. These waves can be repetitive or one time that in this case triggers a kind of necessary resources, internally or externally.

Another type of generator function is a sub-system that provides output proportional to input some mathematical functions. For example, the output form of proportionality with the square root of the input. Such tools are used in the feed control system and an analog computer. Example of a simple function generator Analog function generator generally produces a triangle wave as the basis of all the outputs. This triangle is generated by the capacitors are loaded and removed repeatedly from the constant current source. This produces a voltage ramp uphill and decreased linearly. When the output voltage reaches upper and lower limits, loading and discharge process is reversed using a comparator, producing a linear triangle wave. By varying the flow and the size of the capacitor, different frequencies can be generated.