UNIT 1 How I shall spend my next holidays Picky Excessively meticulous; fussy.

To leap, leapt, leaped Saltar (large jump or sudden movement) To spear Arponear
To lounge about/around
to spend your time in a relaxed way, sitting or lying somewhere and doing very little

Big companies can afford to be picky about who they hire. The dog leapt over the gate into the field. They catch the fish by spearing them. We spent our days lounging around the pool. With the extra resources, the scheme now seems feasible. I have a craving for chocolate. Drought has stunted (the growth of) this year's cereal crop. We want to decide our own fate. a gifted psychic "Why do you think he offered to take all that work home?" "Ah, he's just sucking up to the boss."

Feasible Craving To stunt Stunted adolescents Fate Psychic To suck up to sb

Factible, realizable, viable Ansia, antojo (pregnant) Detener, atrofiar Destino Medium, psquico Hacer la pelota

Around the world in 94 days Single-handed Sin la ayuda de nadie Agasajar To fte /fet/ Achiever Landlocked Unpromising Lifelong Runners-up Triunfador Sin salida al mar Poco prometedor De toda la vida A person who comes second in a race or competition

A single-handed voyage She was fted by audiences both in her own country and abroad. Not enough attention is given to the low achievers in the class. A landlocked country It was a rather unpromising start to the holiday. She was a lifelong member of the Labour party.

Tenuous To spark off Fiberglass To undertake (too formal) To set your sights on sht/ on doing sth To lead up to sht Fleet Feat Gale Helm In terms of To be in the doldrums To burst /bst/ Sore To endure /ndjr / The doldrums Blistering Stride Black and blue Encore /.kr / Knackered /nk.d/ Composed To take sth in stride

Poco fundado, endeble Provocar algo Fibra de vidrio emprender Decididir conseguir algo Precede Flota, armada, parquet de coches Hazaa, proeza Vendaval Timn En cuanto a De capa cada To feel a strong emotion Llaga Soportar, aguantar Sin actividad Abrasador Paso Amoratado Repeticin, bis Hecho polvo, exhaust Sereno, tranquilo Tomarse algo con calma

We were only able to make a tenuous connection between the two robberies. The riot sparked off violence in the rest of the city a fibreglass hull/speedboat Students are required to undertake simple experiments. Jenny has set her sights on winning the competition. In the eight months leading up to the start of the race He owns a fleet of taxis. The Eiffel Tower is a remarkable feat of engineering.
A gale force nine

Who was at the helm when the collision occurred? In terms of money, I was better off in my last job. Her career was in the doldrums during those years. Tom was bursting to tell everyone the news. My feet were sore with all the walking. The political system established in 1400 endured until about 1650. Her career was in the doldrums during those years. We went out in the blistering heat She attributes her record-breaking speed to the length of her stride. His arm was black and blue. We were shouting for an encore. I'm too knackered to go out this evening. She looked remarkably composed throughout the funeral.
When you become a politician, you soon learn to take criticism in your stride. 2

Savour

It was the first chocolate he'd tasted for over a year, so he savoured every mouthful. Take the lead Tomar la delantera The candidate takes the lead in the pollsto Eventual Final, ltimo Although the original budget for the project was $1 billion, the eventual cost is likely to be 50% higher. Deep down En el fondo Deep-down, I know you love me really. To go to great lengths Hacer lo posible Some people go to great lengths to make their homes attractive. Undertaking Job or activity The construction of the tunnel is a large and complex undertaking. Eviction, to evict Deshaucio After falling behind with his mortgage repayments he now faces evictionfrom his home. On edge Nervous and not relaxed Is something wrong? You seem a bit on edge this morning. Threshold Umbral He stood on the threshold of Sheilas bedroom To turn over a new leaf Pasar pgina Apparently he's turned over a new leaf and he's not smoking any more. Issue Cuestin, asunto, tema environmental/ethical/personal issues Justice has to take its course, traffic garden (policia ORA) Useful language Very happy Delighted, elated, thrilled (exciting), overjoyed Sad or wanting to cry Tearful, miserable, close to tears, weepy (llorn), Nervous or worried Anxious, apprehensive, tnese, on edge Challenge words: riskiest, undertaking, issue The essence of Brithishness With time on my hands I didnt have nothing to do To outline Describir, resumir To vacate Dejar libre, desalojar

Sabor, gusto

With time on my hands, I made a thorough search for a guesthouse At the interview she outlined what I would be doing. Hotel guests are requested to vacate their rooms by noon.
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Wretched A bedspread Dumbly Weary To stride, strode, stridden Yank To tug To give sth/sb the once-over

Desgraciado, horrible, espantoso Colcha, cubrecama Without speaking Cansado Dar zancadas Tirn Tirar de algo con fuerza Examiner por encima

a wretched childhood My wretched car's broken down again. She stared dumbly into space. I think he's a little weary after his long journey. He strode across/into/out of the room. Give the door a yank and it should open. Tom tugged at his mother's arm. The security guards gave me the once-over, but they didn't ask me for any identification.

Crazy English Ox, oxen Fowl Hose, hosepipe /hz/ Eggplant, aubergine Quicksand Guinea pig To make amends for sth Odds and ends Preacher /pri.tr/ Slim chance = fat chance Wise guy, wise ass

Buey Ave de corral Manguera berenjena Arenas movedizas Conejillo de indias Reparar algo Cosas, trastos Predicador

As strong as an ox The severe drought has led to a hosepipe ban in eastern England.

I wanted to make amends for the worry I've caused you. I've taken most of the big things to the new house, but there are a few odds and ends left to collect. "Perhaps they'll invite you." "Fat chance (of that)!"

Listillo

Okay, wise guy, if you're so damned smart, you can tell everyone how it's done! 4

To burn up, burn down To fill in, fill sht out To go off, to go on

Be destroyed by fire Rellenar

To happen in a particular way

The spacecraft finally burned up in the atmosphere of Venus. Please fill in the application form and send it back by November 2nd. The protest march went off peacefully.

Collocations An overnight success A burning ambition Increase student motivation Met with complete failure Faces the formidable challenge of Take up rise to a challenge Fulfill realize an ambition End in result in failure Achieve enjoy success Improve lack of motivation Major new daunting (de enormes proporciones) challenge Huge great resounding (rotundo) success Secret lifelong main ambition Total continued dismal (psimo) failure High strong poor motivation Strong distinct real possibility Outside a slight a remote chance Predictably (it goes at the beginning of the sentence and refers to the pass) Faint (remote) / a fair (quite sure) To get a kick out of doing sth To squeal To cost an arm and leg Vulgar / grotesque To get use + ing to enjoy doing something very much to make a long very high sound or cry Ser muy caro Grotesco Anyone who gets a kick out of horror movies will love this show. I get a real kick out of shopping for new shoes. We could hear the piglets squealing as we entered the farmyard. The brakes squealed as the van rounded the corner. These opera tickets cost us an arm and a leg! Gothic churches are full of devils and grotesque figures. I still cant get used sharing the same working space with the boss

UNIT 2 Vocabulary: changes Change your doctor Change your mind Change your sides Change the subject

Change your name Cambiar de opinin Cambio ideas polticas Cambiar de tema

Change your mind Change your tune Change places Change gear

Change a tyre Cambiar de opinin Cambiar de lugar Cambiar de marcha

Verbs and nouns Bring about a, call for a, cope with, introduce a, lead to a, resist, welcome a, witness a Chance To bring about sth Ocasionar, provocar He promise that he would bring about a chance To call for sht Pedir Members have called for his resignation. To lead to sht Llevar a, inducer Reducing speed limits should lead to fewer deaths on the roads. Verbs and nouns Adapt to Change, college Adjust to Life, a new job Adjust Alter Amend Change Convert Clothing, the volume, the height of Plans, clothes, your appearance A law, a document Places, the subject, your mind, your tune, your ways A building, money, to a religion

Modify Shift Switch Transfer Transform Very

Your behavior, your language, a design The blame or responsibility for sht ono sb Sides, to a new currency, TV channels Money to another account, to a team or department (the appearance of character of) a person, a place, a thing Your diet, the menu, your routine, in price

Verbs and adverbsz Adapt Automatically Adjust Easily, effortlessly Alter Completely, dramatically, slightly Change Drastically, overnight, significantly

Modify Transform Vary

Slightly, substantially, subtly Completely, instantly, radically Considerably, greatly, widely

Prepositions and nouns A change in Attitude, government, policy, the law, a patients condition, someones fortune, the weather A change of Address, direction, government, heart, luck, mind, mood, pace, plan, scene Adjective and nouns A dramatic, economic, a far-reaching, a pleasant, political, a refreshing, a significant, social, a sudden, a sweeping, an unexpected, a welcome Amish To thrive Thriving To lessen Warfare Oath To make, swear or take an oath To be on/on oath Brat Hurdle Shaky Libel /la.bl/

change

Prosperar, crecer con fuerza Prspero, exitoso, Decrecer, disminuir Guerra, enfrentamiento juramento Hacer un juramento Estar bajo juramento Mocoso, nio mimado Obstculo, valla Tembloroso, poco firme Calumnia, difamancin

His business thrived in the years before the war. a thriving economy A healthy diet can lessen the risk of heart disease. guerrilla/naval/nuclear/trench warfare Medieval knights took an oath of allegiance/loyalty to their lord.

The judge reminded the witness that she was under oath. She's behaving like a UK spoilt/US spoiled brat. He fell at the last hurdle. The child wrote her name in large shaky letters. She threatened to sue the magazine for libel.
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Idioms Like father, like son Man of his word Old wives tale Renaissance man Run in the family Mans man Tied to your mothers apron strings Mummys boy To have a lot on your plate Flash in the pan Tables are turned Youve made your bed, you have to lie in it Glass ceiling Behind the times One night stand To stick to your guns

De tal padre, tal hijo Un hombre de palabra Cuento de Viejas a man who does many different things very well Le viene de familia machote Still dependent on mom, needing your mom's help Nene de mam Tener ya bastante Fiasco Se han cambiado las tornas, se dio la vuelta a la tortilla Se cosecha lo que se siembra Techo de cristal To be old fashioned Rollo de una noche Mantenerse en sus trece

When different generations of a family behave in the same way or have the same talents of defects. You can trust him - he's a man of his word. Old wives' tales are perhaps as old as language itself. He's a writer, politician, musician and athlete - a real Renaissance man. Intelligence seems to run in that family. We're all ambitious - it seems to run in the family. Terry's what you'd call a man's man. I don't expect you'd find him at the ballet too many nights a week. He has to ask his mother. He's still tied to her apron strings. Is he a mummys boy? she's got enough on her plate with her husband in prison Sadly, their success was just a flash in the pan. I used to make fun of people. Now the tables are turned and I am the one being made fun of. Don't come crying to me if it all goes wrong. You've made your bed and you'll have to lie in it. Various reasons are given for the apparent glass ceiling women hit in many professions. My uncle is a little behind the times I had a one night stand with this guy I picked up at the club. Despite harsh criticism, she's sticking to her guns on this issue.
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All things considered To fumble Offhandedly To unravel Pivotal Headlines To slash Quiz Haul To plunge Bid To dash To brawl To hike

Buscar a tientas Bruscamente Desenredar, desenmaraar Capital, fundamental

He fumbled in his pockets for some change.

I hope I didn't appear offhand with her - it's just that I was in such a hurry. You'd better mend that hole before the whole sweater starts to unravel.

a pivotal figure/role/idea

Reducir drticamente Interrogar Botn Caer (valor) Intento Move really quickly Pelearse, armar camorra Subida de algo

Prices have been slashed by 50%! There was a pop (= surprise) quiz in history at school today. The fall in demand caused share prices to plunge. Her bid for re-election was unsuccessful. I've been dashing around all day. The young men had nothing better to do than brawl in the streets. The recent hike in train fares came as a shock to commuters.

Making a splash Quality press, broadsheet, Red-top tabloids, tabloid press, page 3, gutter press, yellow press, glossy magazines Brash Descarado, hortera, chilln a brash young banker / Sober sobrio Are you sober enough to drive, Jim? Snappier language Lenguaje conciso Crisp sentences Frases claras A crash, bang, wallop style Estilo directo In tume with the audience En sintona con la audiencia Duping the tabloids To despise Scant

Despreciar profundamente escaso

The two groups despise each other. scant regard for the truthh
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Shelf life Phone hacking To flick through Allegedly To put down Far-feched To singe

Tiempo de caducidad Pinchazo telefnico Ojear Supuestamente Sacrificar Poco probable Chamuscar, quemar

To have a short shelf life The latest news on the phone hacking scandal I flicked through the channels to see if there was anything worth watching. That's where he allegedly killed his wife. If a horse breaks its leg, it usually has to be put down. a far-fetched idea/story My jumper started to singe when I leaned over a burning candle.

A guide to great walls To fall into disrepair Deteriorarse Barbed wire Alambre de espino Ditch Cuneta, acequa Deterrent /dter.nt/ Elemento disuasorio To flee-fled-fled To prevail Stretch Man-made Outer space To crumble Marauding Ornate

The building has fallen into disrepair over the years.

Escape prevalecer Tramo, trecho Artificial the part of space that is very far away from Earth Desmenuzarse She nervously crumbled the bread between her fingers. Saquear, merodear Witnesses reported gangs of marauding soldiers breaking into people's houses and setting fire to them. Ornamentado, elaborado a room with an ornate ceiling and gold mirrors Some students are put off studying his work because of the ornate language of the poetry.
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Tougher prison sentences may act/serve as (= be) a deterrent to other would-be offenders. She fled (from) the room in tears. I am sure that common sense will prevail in the end. This particular stretch of coast is especially popular with walkers. It's a man-made lake.

Feat Arguably boundary To man Alongside Guild Throughout /ruat/ Toll To dwindle To dismantle Vehement /vi..mnt/ To set about sth

Hazaa, proeza Posiblemente, podra decirse Frontera, lmite Dotar de personal Al lado de Gremio All over

The Eiffel Tower is a remarkable feat of engineering. He is arguably the world's best football player. The Ural mountains mark the boundary between Europe and Asia. The phones are manned 24 hours a day. Most of the staff refused to work alongside the new team. the Writers' Guild He yawned throughout the performance.

peaje He's just got a job collecting tolls at the start of the motorway. Disminuir, menguar, reducirse The community has dwindled to a tenth of its former size in the last two years. Desmantelar Unions accuse the government of dismantling the National Health Service. apasionado Despite vehement opposition from his family, he quit school and became an actor. Ponerse a I've no idea how to set about changing a tyre on a car.

Paradise can land you in hell To spiral Dispararse los precios Expat Ex patriota Shallow Superficial (persona) Poco profundo (agua) To amble Deambular To wander Deambular, vagar Numbing Aburridsimo Ennui /nwi/ Hasto Cheek-by-jowl Very close together

Spiralling costs have squeezed profits. an expatriate Scot The stream was quite shallow so we were able to walk across it. He was ambling along the beach. We spent the morning wandering around the old part of the city. a mind-numbing task The whole country seems to be affected by the ennui of winter. The poor lived cheek by jowl in industrial mining towns in Victorian England.
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To be in a rut An animal is in rut get-together To moor Sheen Rife Slot machines Gloom A friend with benefits: Idioms with time For the time being In the nick of time To bide your time Many a time At the best of times Time will tell Behind the times Time to kill About time/high time
To live on borrowed time

Anquilosado Estar en celo Reunin informal Amarrar Brillo, lustre Extendido (neg) Mquinas tragaperras Melancola, tristeza un amigo con derecho a roce

I've got to change jobs - after 15 years here I feel I'm (stuck) in a rut (=I'm bored). During the rut, stags can be seen fighting for females. a family get-together We moored further up the river. The conditioner gives the hair a beautiful soft sheen. Dysentery and malaria are rife in the refugee camps. Bergman's films are often full of gloom and despair.

Por ahora En el ultimo momento Aguardar el momento oportuno Frecuentemente when everything is going well El tiempo lo dira Anticuado Nada que hacer Ya es hora Vivir ms de lo esperado Por los viejos tiempos Antes de que nacieras Adelantado a su tiempo

For old times sake Before your time Ahead of your time

Leave the ironing for the time being - I'll do it later. We got there just in the nick of time. She was biding her time until she could get her revenge. I've told you many a time not to ride your bike on the pavement. Our car is slow even at the best of times. Only time will tell whether we made the right decision. My uncle is a little behind the times We've got some time to kill before our train arrives - shall we have a drink? It's about time (that) the school improved its meals service. It is unlikely that serious decisions will be taken by a minority government living on borrowed time. We should all meet up again - just for old times' sake. I don't remember The Beatles - they were before my time. Galileo Galilei was ahead of his time
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Gathering information To warrant To devise To be tricked To dub To pop Exertion /gz.n/ Mockery

Justificar Inventar, crear Ser engaado, deceive Apodar Move very quickly in a closed space Esfuerzo Burla, mofa

Obviously what she did was wrong, but I don't think it warranted quite such severe punishment. He's good at devising language games that you can play with students in class. These cay easily be tricked into recording steps through shaking. She was dubbed by the newspapers 'The Angel of Death'. When you open the box, a clown pops out. I get out of breath with any kind of physical exertion. Bill's mockery of his dad's twitch was a bit cruel, but it made us laugh. Engineers are endeavouring to locate the source of the problem. Somebody trampled all over my flowerbeds in the night! An awesome challenge/task lies ahead of them. People in the street wept with joy when peace was announced. the Yorkshire moors He opened a newspaper and began to peruse the personal ads. He was very contemptuous of 'popular' writers, whom he described as having no talent. spindly legs I have a craving for chocolate. The castle is set on a steep hill/hillside. I saw her through a haze of cigarette smoke.
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To endeavour /endev.r / Intentar, procurar To trample Awesome Fir tree To weep, wept, wept Moor /mr/ To peruse Contemptuous Spindly Craving Steep Haze Pisotear Imponente, formidable Abeto Llorar Llanura, pramo Leer detenidamente Despectivo, desdeoso larguirucho a strong or uncontrollable want Empinado Neblina, bruma

Royal mail Conveyor /knve./ Fin To be snowed under To cull To sniff out To stack To tick away To weed out

Cinta transportadora Aleta Tener demasiado ocupado To select to search for and discover something Amontonar, apilar Pasar (time) to get rid of unwanted things or people from a group We could see the fin of a shark as it slowly circled our boat. a fish's dorsal fin I'm absolutely snowed under with work at the moment. Her job is to go round the big fashion shows sniffing out talent for a modelling agency. Once the last few people had left the hall, the caretaker began stacking(up) the chairs. With the final seconds ticking away, Milan scored a goal. The first round of interviews only really serves to weed out the very weakest of applicants.

The virtual revolution To suck in/into Pervasive /pve.sv/ Angst To wring, wrung, wrung To wring sth's neck To wring your hands Undermine To hoard /hd/ To shuffle To carve sht out /kv/

Become involved in something unpleasant Dominante, omnipresente Angustia Escurrir, estrujar Retorcer el cuello Preocupado e infeliz Socavar, minar Acumular, acaparar Andar arrastrando los pies Labrarse, forjarse

I really don't want any part in this whole argument, but I can feel myself being sucked into it. The influence of Freud is pervasive in her books. All my children went through a period of late-adolescent angst. She wrung out the shirt and hung it out to dry. Wring the chickens neck; and after youve cooked it. Car dealers are wringing their hands over low sales this summer. Criticism just undermines their confidence. During the siege people began hoarding food and supplies. I love shuffling through the fallen leaves. She carved out a reputation for herself as an aggressive businesswoman.
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Scents and sensivity To sniff Sentient /sen.t.nt/, / To thrust /rst/ To recall /rkl/ Alas Burner Aural /.rl/ To leak Bout /bat/ Assiduously Backdrop Consultant To soldier on To reminisce /rem.ns/ Challenged Nuance Blockage Fumes Varnish Remover To season

Olfatear Que posee conciencia Empujar, sacar To remember

used to express sadness or feeling sorry about something ay!

He sniffed his socks to see if they needed washing. It is hard for a sentient person to understand how any parents could treat their child so badly. She thrust the papers at me (= towards me). The old man recalled the city as it had been before the war. I love football but, alas, I have no talent as a player. aural teaching aids, such as tapes Water was leaking from the pipe. She had a bout of flu over Christmas. Before apartheid ended, I assiduously avoided buying South African products. Their love affair began against a backdrop of war.
I admired the way she soldiered on when her business ran into trouble.

Quemador auditivo gotear a short period of illness or involvement in an activity Diligentemente La situacin en general Medico especialista Seguir en la brecha Rememorar Deficiente Matiz Obstruccin Gases Barniz, envarnizar Desmaquillador, quitamanchas Condimentar, sazonar

My grandfather used to reminisce about his years in the navy.

The painter has managed to capture every nuance of the woman's expression.

His death was caused by a blockage in one of his arteries. Petrol fumes always make me feel ill. The varnish had been deliberately scratched. Do you have any nail-varnish remover? Drain the rice, stir in the salmon and season to taste (= so that it has the taste you like).
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Vocabulary to describe objects Material : natural, synthetic, man-made, artificial Strong, tough, coarse (basto), delicate material A soft bed, pillow Floppy hat Lump (bulto, grumos) Lumpy (lleno de grumos, bultos) Firm gelationous Brittle (quebradizo) To soften To harden Silky Scratchy Gelatinous Raw Firmeness > firm roughness > rough The sense Touch Sight Smell Hearing taste Smoothness > smooth Softness > soft

Cloth, fabric (tela) Flexible plastic Soften the butter by warming it a little A firm cushion, bed Sandpaper (paper de vidre) Lumpy mattress Limp (mustio, flojo) Rigid Rididiy Stiff (duro, rgido) To stiffen Itchy Jagged (dentado, con picos) Withered (marchito, mustio) Shrivelled (seco, marchito) Stiffness > stiff Roughness > rough Firmness > firm Jagged /dg.d/

Noun Adjective Noun Adjective Noun Adjective Noun Adjective Noun Adjective

Silk, ripple (onda), edge, velvet Soft, sharp, pointed, rough, flat, smooth, uneven (torcido) Edge Circular, round, long, rounded, flat, Perfume, fragance, stink (hedor, apestar) Sweet Bang (estrpito), horn, whistle, bell Loud, silence, soft Salted, juicy, sweet, sour, bitter
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Smeell: adjective + noun collocations The stale smell of cigarette smoke and sweaty bodies The mouth-watering aroma of freshly brewed coffee an sizzling bacon The acrid odour of burning rubber and petrol fumes The rancid smell of sour milk and butter after the sell-by date The pungent aroma of herbs and spices and ripe tropical fruit Stale (rancio), brewed (elaborado), sizzling (muy caliente), acrid (sabor amargo), pungent (picante), ripe (maduro) UNIT 13 Eating and drinking Side dish To quench Raging Hunger To pick at To gulp down To work up an appetite Eater To heat up A square mal Soft drink Celebratory Stomack To binge Drill

Acompaamiento saciar Atroz, agudo Hambre Picotear Beber de un trago, tragarse Abrir el apetito Comiln Calentar A satisfying meal Refresco Celebracin Estmago Atiborrarse, comilona Simulacro de fuego

To have a side dish Quench your thirst To have a raging thirst Feel faint with hanger / satisfy your hanger To pick at food To gulp down food To work up a big appettite / to lose your apetite Be a fussy eater / be a big eater To heat up a ready meal To have a square meal To have a soft drink To have a celebratory drink To do sth on a full stomack, do somethin on an empty stomach a drinking/eating/spending binge In some of these schools, army-style drills are used to instil a sense of discipline.

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Listening (pag 176) To crunch Bland Fizzy drink To serve up To overhear To go about To put together To pig out

Comer ruidosamente, crujido Sos, inspido Refresco con gas Servir Oir por casualidad Emprender Montar, juntar Darse un atracn

She was crunching noisily on an apple. I find chicken a little bland. fizzy orange/mineral water Come on everyone, I'm ready to serve up. I overheard a very funny conversation on the bus this morning. What's the best way of going about this? Model aeroplanes come in pieces which you have to put together. They pigged out on pizza

Adverbs of degree Perfectely clear, normal, capable Fully aware, booked, equipped Entirely free of harge, different, wrong Totally unnecessary, unexpected, independent Listening (pag 172) Batch Mould Kidney Scapegoat to trawl To track down Enticing /nta.s/ To distort Culprit

Highly gifted, talented, promising Wholly inadequate, inappropiate, unacceptable Uttlery ridiculous, opposed, disgraceful

Hornada, tanda Moho Rion Cabeza de turco Buscar algo en algo Localizar Tentador, apetecible Deformar, distorsionar Culpable

We looked at the job applications in two batches. There was mould on the cheese. Kidney of beef The captain was made a scapegoat for the team's failure. The newspaper had trawled its files for photos of the new minister. He finally managed to track down the book he wanted. an enticing smile My original statement has been completely distorted by the media. Police hope the public will help them to find the culprits.
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To acknowledge Ammunition To home in on To take for a ride Deception Noun ----Fraud Deception

Admitir, reconocer Municin Localizar Tomar el pelo

You must acknowledge the truth of her argument. A good supply of ammunition
The report homed in on the weaknesses in the management structure.

Be careful or he'll take you for a ride.

Verb Mislead Defraud Deceive

Adjective Misleading Fraudulent Deceptive

Adverb Misledingly Fraudulently Deceptively

Meaning

Inducir a error Defraudar Decepcionar

Comparisons Not so much sht as sth Son xxxx ms que They're not so much lovers as friends. The, the.. Cuanto ms ms The more, the merrier To liken sb/sth to sb/sth Comparar a She's been likened to a young Elizabeth Taylor. No more than No ms all There are beautiful mountains not more than ten minutes' drive away. Sooner o later Pronto o tarde Sooner or later she's going to realize what a mistake she's made. Now than ever before Ms ahora que antes People now consume more processed food than ever before So much the better Mucho mejor If you can go there this afternoon, so much the better. Nothing like as No es tan it's nothing like as hot as it was yesterday Nowhere near Ni mucho menos The house was nowhere near the sea. Very much the same El mismo Nevertheless their substance remains much the same By a long way De lejos This is the best meal weve had all holiday, by a long way to come a close second Casi primero The politician came in a close second in the election. As as Tan... como Its as tall as you So as No tan como He isnt so tall as you It was such a nice day / There were such interesting people / It was such a boring party = It was so boring a party
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UNIT 7 Reading To ascertain Thorough Strain Limbs To knead Eerie To ease off Gnarled Stoop Joint Thigh

Establecer, determinar Concienzudo, cuidadoso Presin, tension Extremidades Masajear, amasar Inquietante, espeluznante to gradually stop or become less Nudoso, retorcido Encorvado articulacin muslo

The police have so far been unable to ascertain the cause of the explosion. a thorough revision of the manuscript As you get older, excess weight puts a lot of strain on the heart. The accident victims mostly had injuries to their lower limbs Knead the dough until smooth. She heard the eerie noise of the wind howling through the trees. I'm leaving soon but I'm just waiting for the traffic to ease off a bit. a gnarled tree trunk He is a tall man with a slight stoop. an elbow/hip/knee joint

Vocabulary: Heath Aching (dolorido) joints/limbs/muscles Blocked nose Bruised ribs/thigh Chipped bone/tooth, to chip: astillar Dislocated hip/jaw/shoulder

Sprained ankle/wrist Swollen glands/feet/lips Torn muscles/ligaments Upset stomach

Acute/chronic condition Blinding headache Infection disease Serious illness

Allergic reaction High/low blood pressure Medical complaint

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Being injured Have a fall/an injury Hurt/injure your ankle/back/leg Pull/strain /tear a ligament/muscle/tendon Break a bone/your leg/three ribs Break/chip/lose a tooth Bruise/cut/graze (araarse) your arm/knee/shoulder Bang/bump/hit/bash/your elbow/head/knee on against sth To bash: pegar, golpear Treating injuries Treat sb for burns/ahead injury/a stab wound Repair a damage/torn ligament/tendon Punt on/apply/take off/a Band Aid/a plaster/a bandage Put on/rub on/apply cream/ointment (cream)/lotion Limb: extremidad, stiches: puntos Pain To injure/hurt/strain yourself To injure/hurt/sprain your ankle/foot/knee/wrist/hand To injure/hurt your spine/neck

Receive/suffer/sustain (suffer) a serious injury Damage the brain Sprain/twist your ankle/wrist Fracture/crack your skull Dislocate your finger/hip/jaw/shoulder Burn/scald yourself/your tongue

Examine/clean/dress/bandage/treat a bullet wound Amputate/cut off an arm/finger/a foot/a leg/a limb Need /require/put in/have (out)/get (out) stitches Have/receive/undergo/physiotherapy

To injure/hurt/sprain /pull/strain (torcer) a muscle To injure/hurt/strain your back/shoulder/eyes To be badly/severely/slightly injured/wounded/hurt/bruised /sprained

Useful language To pull To tickle

forzar un msculo cosquilleo

I pulled a muscle in my back lifting some drawers. I have a tickle in my throat

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Caesarean /sze.ri.nsek.n/ To diagnose /da.gnoz/ To get itchy feet To swell, swelled, swollen Medical profile Life- expectancy Myopic /map.k/

cesrea Diagnosticar
to start to want to travel or do something different

The baby was born by caesarean. His condition was diagnosed as some sort of blood disorder. After three years in the job she began to get itchy feet.

hinchado

It was obvious she had broken her toe, because it immediately started to swell Cuadro clnico Chickenpox Varicela Esperanza de vida stretcher Camilla Miope Gastroenteritis /gs.tren.tra.ts/

Word formation: verbs Special -ize -ify -ate -ize -en En-

Specialize Class Classify Difference Differentiate Character Characterize Strong Strongen Large Enlarge

Symmary Summarize Example Exemplify Qualification Qualify Stable Stabilize Sad Sadden Wide Widen Read Misread Renumber Outnumber 22

Valid Validate Simple Simplify Captive Captivate Familiar Familiarize Rich Enrich Sure Ensure Unload Overload

Modern Modernize Identity Identify Value Valuate Dominant Dominate Deaf Deafen Danger Endanger Mishear Overhear Rehear

Commercial commercialize General Generalize Assassin Assassinate Computer Computerize High Heighten Courage Encourage Reuse Overuse Misuse

Recook Overcook

Reappear Disappear

Words often confused Illness Period of time when one is ill, state of feeling unwell, not usually due to infection, not as severe as a disease Disease Condition caused by an infection, the specific illness, the presence of pathology, its a more clinic term Disorder Functional abnormality, more neutral and less stigmatizing than diseases or illness Condition Term that includes all diseases and disorders, but can include injures and normal heath situations, such as a pregnancy Collocations Mental, terminal, minor, long-term ILLNESS Heart, skin, Alzheimers, Parkinsons, lung, blood, gum, hereditary, infectious, contagious, STDs (ETS), rare, DISEASE orphan, genetic, kissing Sleepy, motion, sea altitude, car, in sickness and health, morning, mountain, travel, sickness benefit, sickness SICKNESS leave (baja) Mental, eating, emotional, hormone, nervous, personality, ADD, ADHD, Sad, love, obsessive-compulsive, DISORDER autism, bi-polar Medical, pathological, chronic CONDITION Downs, borderline, irritable bowel, chronic fatigue, sick building, sudden infant death, battered woman, SYNDROME Aspergers, withdrawal, post-traumatic stress, post or pre menstrual Disease, early, withdrawal, early SYMPTOM More physical, minor illness, old age AILMENT Gum: enca, leave: baja, ADD: attention deficit disorder, ADHD: TDAH, SAD: seasonal affective disorder, bowel: intestino, withdrawal: abstinencia, old age ailment: achaque

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UNIT 4 The fast track to burnout To bear a grudge Guardar rencor a alguien To snap up sb Persuadir a alguien para que forme parte de tu equipo antes que otros lo hagan Eufrico Beneficio extra Diente de rueda Fila Valoracin Impecable No revelar, dar informacin

He still bears a grudge against her because she refused to go out with him years ago. The association is concerned that the richer football clubs will snap up all the best players.

Elated Perk Cog Rank Appraisal Flawless To withhold

The prince was reported to be elated at/by the birth of his daughter. A company car and a mobile phone are some of the perks that come with the job. There were no taxis at the taxi/cab rank. Many companies operate regular job appraisals, often on an annual basis. a flawless performance During the trial, the prosecution was accused of withholding crucial evidence from the defence.

Use of English To rise through the ranks To hand in your notice To play a role To be in favour of sth

Work one's way to the He's risen through the ranks, starting as a copyboy and ending up as top senior editor Dimitir She handed her notice and now works for a smaller company To achieve a position To face pressure To be offered a contract To bear a grudge

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Character references To have an helpful, sensitive, easy-going, determined NATURE To SHOW GREAT potential, dedication, ability, patience Develop, display, possess, show the right personal QUALITIES To have a TENDENCY TO lose ones temper, become ill, worry over detail, avoid responsibility To have/develop advanced computer, excellent secretbarial, outstanding management, the necessary communication SKILLS Adopt a/an cautious, energetic, enthusiastic, positive APPROACH to ones work Clumsy: torpe; crafty: hbil Adjectives of personality Approachable Conceited (credo) Disorganized Industrious (trabajador) Mature Self-centred Trustworthy

Arrogant Considerate Easy-going Insensitive Moody Self-confident unreliable

Attentive Creative Flexible Knowledgeable Outgoing Single-minded

Caring Dedicated Impatient Likeable (simpatico) Patient Slapdash (chapucero)

Clumsy Determined Indecisive loyal Self-assured Stubborn

Further skills Business Communication Organizational Personal Technical Technological To tame: domar, tamer: domador

Interpersonal Practical telephone

Language Problem-solving

Management/managerial Secretarial

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UNIT 10 Describing rooms and houses Bright and cheerful Dark and dingy (sucio) Dimly (dbilmente) Brightly LIT softly Recently Poorly BUILD solidly Writing model Cobbled To mould well-thumbed Creased dog-eared Fly-leaf State-of-the-arts Idle To lure Slate To flank

Light and airy Warm and cosy Comfortably Sparsely (escasamente) FURNISHED elegantly Conveniently Ideally SITUATED Pleasantly

Neat and tidy Cramped and cluttered (abarrotado) Tastefully Newly DECORATED richly

Adoquinado moldear Muy manoseado Arrugado Con la esquinas dobladas por el uso
an empty page at the beginning or end of a book next to the cover

Cobbled courtyard The children moulded little pots out of/from clay. A well-thumbed book Books with creased spines A dog-eared book

De ultima generacin Holgazanear, be lazy Atraer Pizarra (roca) Flanquear

a state-of-the-art computer He's a very able student, he's just bone idle She was lured into the job by the offer of a high salary. Grey slate roof The president was flanked by senior ministers.

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The joy of plumbing Slick Shabby Ditch Belated Frail To be reliant on To stink Handout
To slip through the net

To pity To speak out of turn To stub out To loom Spanking Surge To fringe Ease On behalf of sb To bite the dust Rota To elope Strenous Clutter

Ingenioso pero insustancial Gastado, rado Acequia Tardo Delicado Depender de algo Apestar Limosna Escaparse, salvarse Tener lstima a, compadecer to say something which you should not have said Apagar un cigarrillo Avecinarse Nuevsimo, limpsimo Repentino aumento Bordear Facilidad En representacin To die / end in failure Lista de turnos fugarse Agotador Atestado de cosas

It's that sort of slick sales talk that I mistrust. He wore a shabby old overcoat. a belated apology a frail old lady He's completely reliant on his wheelchair to get about. Your feet stink! I'm not interested in government handouts - all I want is a job. Once again terrorists have slipped through the police net. Pity (= Feel sorry for) those on the street with no home to go to. I'm sorry if I've spoken out of turn, but I thought everyone had already been told. To stub out your cigarette Dark storm clouds loomed on the horizon. a spanking new suit There has been a surge in house prices recently. The river is fringed with wild flowers. She won the 400m race with ease. On behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work. His career bit the dust when he lost his job. a weekly rota She eloped with an Army officer. His doctor advised him not to take any strenuous exercise. Sorry about the clutter in the kitchen.
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Noise and sound Din Racked To blare (out) Squeaky (chillona) Loud Distant Excessive

Barullo
showing or feeling the physical or mental pain, trouble, etc. mentioned

the din of the traffic a pain-racked gesture The loudspeakers blared across the square. Deep Hushed (silencioso) Muffled (sordo, apagado) Constant VOICE VOICE SOUND NOISE

Resonar High-pitched (agudo) Booming (retumbante) Unmistakable Incessant

DOGS Growl NOISES Dies down DOORS Slam shut BELLS Tikle Go off (bomb, alarm); to rustle: susurrar de hojas, to hoot: tocar el claxn ROWDY PIERCING (desgarrador, penetrante) DEAFENING (ensordecedor) Behaviour Cry Applause Fans Scream Cheer

Whine Fades away (disapear) Creak open Chime (repicar), toll (taer)

party Shriek (grito, chillido) silence

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UNIT 5 Motherhood Wreck To downsize To keep sth/sb at bay To back up To stumble To diminish Bond Phrasal verbs To drift off to To go through

Desastre (fsica y psicolgicamente) Reducir el tamao de una empresa

The stress she had been under at work reduced her to a nervous/quivering wreck. to downsize your workforce/company If we can keep the rabbits at bay, we should have a good crop of vegetables in the garden. Will you back me up if I say that he wasn't here? Running along the beach, she stumbled on a log and fell on the sand. I don't want to diminish her achievements, but she did have a lot of help. The bond(s) of friendship/love

Mantener a raya Respaldar, apoyar Tropezar Disminuir, reducir Vnculo

A punto de dormirse

I was just drifting off to sleep when there was a crash in the kitchen. She went through absolute hell during her divorce.
He told me he was incredibly rich and owned a Ferrari, but I saw through him at once.

Experimentar malas experiencias To see through Calar a alguien To crack up Partirse de risa Others phrasal verbs: to break up with, to let down. Relationships To put a great strain on sb Someter a una gran presin a alguien To have it in for sb Tenerla tomada con alguien

The girls all cracked up when they saw him.

His gambling problem has put a great strain on our relationship. The maths teacher had it in for me; she was always giving me extra homework.
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A rocky relationship To turn sour To turn sb back on To take to sb To take an instant dislike to sb To make/pull a face Prickly relationship Uneasy relationship Fierce argument Courting couple Unrequited love:

Relacin inestable Agriarse Dar la espalda Empezar a gustarte alguien to dislike sb the moment you meet them Poner cara rara Relacion espinosa

They had a fairly rocky relationship at first, but theyre talking of getting married now. Their relationship turned sour when Jims love of whisky began to affect his work. These people are appealing to our government to help them. We can't just turn our backs on them. She took to her new class mates immediately

Sandra took an instant dislike to his mother, but she did her best to hide it. I was pulling silly faces to make the baby laugh. Pickles: espinas, prickly relationship between President Obama and House Majority Leader Eric Cantor Relacin precaria She has a rather uneasy relationship with her mother-in-law. Discusin agresiva Two fierce eyes glared at them a couple that has a relationship before getting married No correspondido It's just another poem on the pain of unrequited love. Tension has heightened after the recent bomb attack They fell for each other instantly Their marriage is under great strain at the moment She has nobody she can turn to sb, to look down on sb, to keep himself to himself, to keep in touch.

/n.rkwa.td/
Heightened tension To fall for sb intensified to be strongly attracted to sb To strain Forzar Turn to sb/sth Pedir consejo Other expressions: to get on my nerves, to look up to

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Listening (pag 61) To hasten /he.sn/ Besotted /bst.d/ To stick at sht To persevere /p.svr/

apresurarse Locamente enamorado perserverar perserverar

The president hastened to reassure his people that he was in perfect health. He is completely besotted with his new girlfriend You'll never learn to play the piano if you're not prepared to stick at it. The education director is persevering in his attempt to obtain additional funding for the school.

Speaking To cut back (on) To bring down To tighten your belt To make ends meet To face up to To cut down To run out of Credit crunch To give onto To conjure up

Reducir, disminuir Traer, bajar Apretarse el cinturon Tener dinero justo para gastos Plantar cara Reducir Agotar Crisis de crdito Dar a Hacer aparecer

The government has announced plans to cut back on defence spending by 10% next year. This scandal could bring down the government. Its hard to make ends meet To face up to hard economic realities To cut down on luxuries To run out of savings The patio doors give onto a small courtyard. For some people, the word 'England' may still conjure up images of pretty gardens and tea parties. I like the way your house is laid out

To lay out Disear, trazar To set out To fall deeper and deeper into debt Its the middle class who are paying the bill, footing the bill.

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